Assessment of Soil Quality Indicators for Sugarcane Yield on Vertisols: A Study from North Coast of Villa Clara Province, Cuba | Chapter 1 | Agricultural Sciences: Techniques and Innovations Vol. 5

 Maintaining or improving soil quality is crucial for agricultural productivity. Despite being widely used for sugarcane cultivation, Vertisols on the north coast of Villa Clara Province, Cuba, present significant limitations due to poor physical properties such as extreme plasticity. The study aims to evaluate soil quality in Vertisols under tropical conditions by applying different soil treatments and employing multivariate analyses, with the objective of identifying key soil quality indicators relevant to sugarcane production in the North Coast of Cuba. For the selection of soil quality indicators, four field experiments were conducted using organic fertilisers (sugarcane filter cake, compost) and natural minerals (dolomite, zeolite). Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) was used in all experiments. Soil properties were determined, such as the amount of water-stable aggregates, permeability, plastic limit, pH in water, pH in KCl, organic matter, P2O5 and K2O. The sugarcane yield components, such as cane yield (t ha-1) and sucrose yield (t ha-1), were evaluated. Principal components analysis (PCA) and simple regression analysis were also performed. For statistical processing, the package SPSS ver 13.0 and STATGRAPHICS 5.1 on Windows XP were used. Both organic matter and soil structure (water-stable aggregates, permeability) were closely related to cane yield, with r values of 0.70 to 0.96. PCA of the impact of different levels of sugarcane filter cake on soil properties and cane yield resulted in three components, representing 93.8% of the total variance. In this experiment, the correlation matrix with the application of levels of dolomite and their combinations with organic fertilisers shows that physical properties have over 80% significant correlations with other variables evaluated. Zeolite, especially when combined with organic amendments, significantly improved soil structure and aggregation, making it a reliable soil quality indicator treatment for Vertisols under sugarcane. The properties with the best responses to treatments over time were permeability, water-stable aggregates, structure factor, and organic matter; therefore, they can be considered as soil quality indicators for the studied Vertisols.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Pedro Cairo Cairo
Universidad de Atacama, Centro Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Sustentable de Atacama (CRIDESAT), Copiapó-1532000, Chile.

 

Bladimir Diaz Martin
Universidad de Atacama, Centro Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Sustentable de Atacama (CRIDESAT), Copiapó-1532000, Chile.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/asti/v5/6375

Influence of Organic-Inorganic Interaction on Nutrient Use Efficiency and Sugarcane Yield in Calcareous Soils of the Indo-Gangetic Plains, India | Chapter 1 | Current Research Progress in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 3

 

The current study aims to evaluate integrated nutrient management on cane production and nutrient use efficiency of applied nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium in sugarcane in terms of agronomic efficiency and physiological use efficiency.

 

Enhancing nutrient use efficiency beyond the typical 50% threshold is crucial for improving sugarcane production and juice quality, while also reducing dependency on synthetic fertilizers and mitigating environmental impact. Nutrient use efficiency (NUE) measures how well plants can absorb and use nutrients to produce their highest possible yields. Thus, the NUE idea encompasses three crucial processes in plants: nutrient absorption, assimilation, and utilisation. To tackle this challenge, a field experiment was conducted at the Kalyanpur research farm, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Bihar. Using a randomized block design with three replications, the experiment involved the sugarcane variety CoP-112. Although the treatments showed no significant impact on germination percentage, plant height, cane length, diameter, and individual cane weight, the combination of the recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF) with vermicompost and biofertilizer (Azotobacter + PSB) at a rate of 4 kg/ha resulted in the highest millable cane (125.4×103/ha) and cane yield (94.0 t/ha). This combination led to increases of 78% and 24% over the sole prescribed dose of fertilizer and the absolute control, respectively. No significant differences were observed in juice quality among the treatments. The highest agronomic use efficiency was recorded in plots treated with RDF + vermicompost + Azotobacter + PSB, showing a 75% improvement over plots receiving only the recommended dose of fertilizer. These findings highlight the effectiveness of integrated nutrient management as the optimal strategy for promoting sustainable sugarcane production. The study demonstrated the effectiveness of integrating vermicompost and biofertilizer (Azotobacter + PSB) with the recommended dose of fertilizers for enhancing sugarcane yield and nutrient utilization efficiency.

 

Author(s) Details

Sanjeew Kumar Sinha
Department of Soil Science, Regional Research Station, Madhopur, West Champaran, Bihar-845454, India.

 

Ajeet Kumar
Department of Soil Science, Sugarcane Research Institute, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa (Samastipur)-848125, Bihar, India.

 

Brajesh Kumar
Department of Soil Science, Post Graduate College of Agriculture, RPCAU, Pusa Samastipur, Bihar, India.

 

Amrita Kumari
Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour, Bhagalpur -813210, India.

 

A. K. Singh
Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa (Samastipur)-848125, Bihar, India.

 

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/crpas/v3/1426

Understanding Carbon Sequestration in Sugarcane Plant-soil System: Influence of Nutrient Integration Practices in Indo-Gangetic Plains of India | Chapter 7 | Research Advances in Environment, Geography and Earth Science Vol. 9

 

Sugarcane is a versatile crop with significant potential for carbon sequestration in both soil and plants. This study assessed the carbon sequestration in planted sugarcane and rhizospheric soil under various nutrient management practices. According to the IPCC, rising global temperatures due to GHG emissions are a primary cause of global warming. To stabilize global temperatures, it is essential to mitigate anthropogenic CO2 emissions and enhance the sequestration of surplus atmospheric CO2 in plants and soil. Sugarcane cultivation plays a crucial role in this process, as it is a C4 plant with high efficiency in utilizing CO2 during photosynthesis. One approach to enhance CO2 capture is through improved nutrient management practices, which can increase chlorophyll synthesis and nitrogen efficiency in sugarcane. Different treatment compositions can enhance photosynthesis, leading to greater CO2 capture. Consequently, sugarcane crops and their rhizospheric soils act as important carbon sinks, contributing to atmospheric decarbonization and global cooling.

 

Soil Properties and Carbon Storage: The study results indicated that soil physical and chemical properties varied significantly among treatments due to the application of different organic amendments. Soil organic carbon (SOC) was analyzed and ranged from 0.47% to 0.67%. The different organic amendment treatments notably improved soil bulk density, porosity, and carbon storage.

 

Plant Carbon Storage: Carbon stocks in various sugarcane plant parts, including roots, shoots, and leaves, were significantly different across treatments. The highest carbon stock was found in leaves (877.08 kg ha-¹) under T6, followed by roots (668.74 kg ha-¹) in T2, and shoots (422.77 kg ha-¹) in T5. This indicates that leaves stored 30.41% and 107.58% more carbon than roots and shoots, respectively, while roots stored 58.18% more carbon than shoots. The total carbon storage in sugarcane biomass, including aboveground and belowground parts, varied significantly across treatments. The mean carbon storage in aboveground parts (leaves and stalks) was significantly higher (1239.65 kg ha-¹) than in underground parts (roots) at 621.73 kg ha-¹. These findings demonstrate that sugarcane farming practices can effectively enhance carbon sequestration, contributing to climate change mitigation. The sugarcane crop and rhizospheric soils act as important carbon sinks in the decarbonisation of the atmosphere, ultimately reducing carbon levels and causing global cooling.

 

 

Author (s) Details

Ajeet Kumar
Department of Soil Science, Sugarcane Research Institute, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa (Samastipur)-848125, Bihar, India.

 

Sunita Kumari Meena
Department of Soil Science, Sugarcane Research Institute, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa (Samastipur)-848125, Bihar, India.

 

Sanjay Kumar Singh
Department of Soil Science, Tirhut College of Agriculture, Dholi, Muzaffarpur, India.

 

S. K. Sinha
Regional Research Station, Madhopur, West Champaran, Bihar-845454, India.

 

Amrita Kumari
Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour, Bhagalpur-813210, India.

 

A. K. Singh
Department of Soil Science, Sugarcane Research Institute, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa (Samastipur)-848125, Bihar, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/raeges/v9/1425

Water Requirement and Irrigation Scheduling at Kenana Sugarcane Plantation | Chapter 2 | Agricultural Sciences: Techniques and Innovations Vol. 2

Kenana Estate is one of the six scattered complexes of sugarcane established in the hot, dry environment of central Sudan. Sugar cane is an important cash crop for the production of sugar and other secondary products. Irrigation practices in Kenana have been subjected to many changes from establishment to the present day. The objective of this study was to find out an ideal indenting of irrigation schedule, based on different categories of sugarcane-crop water requirement for different areas. This study was conducted at the sugarcane fields of Kenana Estate, Sudan, in the long furrow irrigation system established in a montmorillonitic clay soil, during the two successive seasons 2000 and 2001. Since the sugarcane planting is a continuous process before and during harvesting, the cane plant and ratoon crop were divided into different categories. Kenana soil is a vertisol, which is mainly an alluvial sediment of the Blue Nile, derived mostly from the basic igneous rocks of the Ethiopian Highlands. The crop water requirement (CWR) was calculated based on the study of reference evapotranspiration (ETo), using the Penman-Monteith Approach and the CROPWATT Software. The net crop water requirement is the amount of water needed to supplement the effective rainfall in the crop root zone which has been used in the study. ETo of the same month was used with different monthly crop coefficients (kc) to get the net crop water requirement (NCWR) for 5 categories of plant cane (Oct.-, Nov.-, Dec.-, Jan.- and Feb.-planting) and 6 categories of ratoons (Nov.-, Dec.-, Jan.-, Feb.-, Mar.- and April-ratooning) based on planting dates. This indicates that in all categories of plant cane and ratoon crop of 2000 and 2001, the monthly NCWR were low in the first months of initial stage, and increased with crop development until it reached its maximum in boom stage (4,5,6 and 7months of crop age), particularly, if it is coincided by hot summer months (March and April) then declined to a minimum in the rainy months from July to September and increased again after end of rains, in both seasons the highest and lowest net crop water requirements (NCWR) were recorded in March and July respectively. Generally, when grouping the months of the two growing seasons to A (Oct. – Feb.), B (March – June) and C (July – Sept.) group, Group A represent the months of seasons overlapping which has high NCWR, however group B which represent the dry summer months, has the highest NCWR, then group C (rainy months) has the lowest NCWR. The study concluded that the group of months of the two successive seasons shows a clear trend of variation in the season overlapping months.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Muataz Shareif M. Ali
Department of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technological Studies, EL-Imam EL-Mahdi University, Khartoum, 209-Kosti, Sudan.

 

Mukhtar Ahmed Mustaf
Department of Soil Science and Environmental Studies, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Khartoum, Shambat, Sudan.

 

Abdallah A. Siddig
Department of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technological Studies, EL-Imam EL-Mahdi University, Khartoum, 209-Kosti, Sudan.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/asti/v2/5320

Characteristics of Rhizosphere Bacteria of Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) Grown on Acrisol and Ferrasol Soils of Dong Nai Province, the Southeast of Vietnam | Chapter 8 | Emerging Issues in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 7

 The study proposed to investigate variety, population dynamics of nitrogen obsession and phosphate solubilization bacteria in rhizosphere of sugarcane refined in acrisol and ferrasol soils of Dong Nai province, the Southeast of Vietnam. Nitrogen total, dissolved phosphorus and basic carbon of the soil were determined by utilizing colorimetric method and design described by Walkley-Black. Nitrogen obsession and phosphate solubilization bacteria were isolated on Burk's nitrogen free and NBRIP publishing. Identification, SNPs and nucleotide diversity of picked bacterial strains were based on 16S rDNA sequences accompanying primers 27F and 1492R, SeqScape@Software and Theta (θ) described by Halushka et al.. Validation of nitrogen obsession of strains was carried out by hide presence of nifH accompanying Pol primers. The research found that rhizosphere of sugarcane refined in Dong Nai province were slightly sour, poorly nutrient and had different plant growth advancing bacteria. pH, nitrogen total and organic matter component of the soils were three essential determinants influencing two together populations of nitrogen obsession and phosphate solubilization bacteria in the soils while available planet seen at dawn in the soils was closely accompanying with nitrogen obsession bacteria society rather than phosphate solubilization bacteria populace in the soils. Thirty-one strains unique expressed volume of fixing nitrogen, solubilizing phosphate and biosynthesizing IAA. Fourteen of thirty-one strains were deepened nifH. Twelve of thirty-one strains accompanying high ability of plant growth publicity were identified as species of Bacilli, Acidobacteria, Bacteroides and Betaproteobacteria place Bacilli had the highest Pis and thetas. Bacillus megaterium B6 unique from ferrasols and Sphingomonas sp. P14 isolated from acrisols displayed as potential candidates and were proposed expected tested their skill to promote plant tumor of sugarcane grown in acrisol and ferrasol soils of Dong Nai province.

Author(s) Details:

Hoang Minh Tam,
Faculty of Natural Science Pedagogy, Sai Gon University, HCM City, Vietnam.

Cao Ngoc Diep,
Institute of Food and Biotechnology, Can Tho University, Can Tho City, Vietnam.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/EIAS-V7/article/view/11853

The Framework and Statistical Methodology for Sugarcane Production in Thailand| Chapter 8 | Current Aspects in Business, Economics and Finance Vol. 6

 This phase investigates the statistical lineaments of technical efficiency (TE), that was evaluated utilizing Data Envelopment Analysis in a panel dossier setting (Panel DEA) with dossier obtained from sugarcane culture households in major domains of Thailand. A Panel Bootstrap Method is used to determine the statistical accuracy of Panel Data Envelopment Analysis. An examination of scale adeptness reveals that for two usually long years, the technical effectiveness analysis of farm households complicated in sugarcane production maybe adopted for policy approval based on bootstrapping DEA committee data approaches cause the mean of bootstrapping Panel DEA approach equal to the mean of DEA approach in the panel dossier setting in two together 2008 and 2011 only.

Author(s) Details:

Prasert Chaitip,
Faculty of Economics (1993-2017), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.

Chukiat Chaiboonsri,
Faculty of Economics, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.

Fawikorn Inluang,
Faculty of Business Administration, Thonburi University, LumPhun campus, LumPhun, Thailand.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CABEF-V6/article/view/8742

Assessment of Normalized Rainfall Index and Vulnerability of Sugarcane Production to Climate Change in Mumias Zone, Kenya | Chapter 09 | Emerging Challenges in Environment and Earth Science Vol. 2

 In Kenya, sugarcane is a significant economic crop. Over 8 million Kenyans are directly and indirectly supported by the sugar business, which provides income to over 294,000 small-scale growers and 7,500 employees. Rainfed sugarcane agriculture is the norm in Kenya, and climate change is expected to have an impact on productivity. The Normalized Rainfall Index (NRI) and the Vulnerability of Sugarcane Production to Climate Change in Mumias sugar zone were statistically analysed in this study. This was based on rainfall data from 1984 to 2014, which spanned a 30-year period. The coefficients of skewness and kurtosis for the rainfall series during the period were not normally distributed at the 95 percent confidence level, according to the findings of several statistical tests. From 1984 to 2014, the five-year and ten-year running means for annual rainfall series both exhibited periods below and above the long-term mean (2053.3 mm), with consistent increases above the mean from 1984 to 1990 for the five-year running means and from 2004 to 2014 for the ten-year running means. Between 1994 and 2002, sugarcane yields fell dramatically. Furthermore, there was a considerable reduction in sugarcane yield from 2003 to 2014. From 1994 through 2014, the Pearson's Product Moment Correlation coefficient (r) was utilised to determine whether there was a meaningful association between annual rainfall totals and sugarcane yields. The coefficient was positive but not fully correlated (r = 0.097). Sugarcane was shown to be vulnerable to climate change in an assessment of outcome vulnerability using rainfall totals from 1984 to 2014. (drought and flooding). As a result, this study indicates that the relationship between rainfall and cane production in Mumias was favourable but not perfect, and that cane was vulnerable to climate change.

Author(S) Details

G. Omoto
Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, Sugar Research Institute, P.O. Box 44-40100, Kisumu, Kenya.

J. Jamoza
Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, Sugar Research Institute, P.O. Box 44-40100, Kisumu, Kenya.



View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/ECEES-V2/article/view/5738

Constraints Study in Sugarcane Cultivation: A Micro Approach | Chapter 1 | Current Topics in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 3

 A hundred respondents were randomly picked from a district block using a multistage stratified, purposive cum random selection process. Primary data was gathered using a personal interview technique, while secondary data for the reference was obtained from records kept at district and block offices. The inferences were cooked using a simple tabular, functional analysis employing the Garrett ranking approach. According to the findings and conclusions drawn from the investigation, a lack of technical knowledge ranks first, followed by labour constraints during peak hours. Technical knowledge comprises the ability to obtain input, market understanding, and mechanised techniques, among other things. Unavailability of seeds was ranked third, followed by irrigation and financing facilities, which were ranked fourth and fifth, respectively. The rest of the issues were discovered afterwards. In rural societies, proper remedies should be applied in order to control the decline of a significant economic crop.

Author(S) Details

Bhartendu Yadav
CSAUA and T, Nawabganj Kanpur – 208002, India.

R. R. Kushwaha
CSAUA and T, Nawabganj Kanpur – 208002, India.

Ram Singh Yadav
CSAUA and T, Nawabganj Kanpur – 208002, India.

Pavan Kumar Singh
CSAUA and T, Nawabganj Kanpur – 208002, India.

Arun Kumar Yadav
CSAUA and T, Nawabganj Kanpur – 208002, India.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/CTAS-V3/article/view/4617

Appropriateness of Sugarcane Out-grower Support Programs: Towards Improving the Yields in Lowveld of Zimbabwe | Chapter 10 | Cutting-edge Research in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 10

 Background: Sugar demand has fallen precipitously in recent years due to a variety of factors. The impact of the Land Redistribution Program (LRP) on agriculture, price controls, inflationary economic conditions, and aggressive international foreign policies have resulted in years of economic upheaval affecting sugarcane production. The infrastructure, which had advanced to become one of the most sophisticated irrigation systems in the world, is in danger of collapsing. Approximately 872 out-grower farmers, primarily beneficiaries of the Fast Track Land Reform and Redistribution Program, have acquired large tracts of land in the hope of establishing a sugar industry, but the sector's players face numerous challenges. Objectives: To find solutions to sugar production problems by investigating and evaluating the appropriateness of out-grower support for this purpose. Methods: Out-growers, Land Reform program beneficiaries, and targeted sugar producers were found to be the best source of information on how to revitalize sugar production in Zimbabwe. Probability The out-growers were chosen using a random sampling technique. A list of all the outgrowers was created, and every eighth name was chosen using the Kth term until a sample of 100 was reached. Data was collected from participants using a self-administered questionnaire. The questionnaire contained five-point Likert scale close-ended questions, which were then tested for internal validity and reliability using Cronbach's alpha coefficient analysis. For relative statistical comparisons between estimates, GraphPad InStat Software (version 5, GraphPad Software, San Diego, California, USA) was used, with P values of 0.05 considered statistically significant. The population age groups of out-grower farmers were mixed, with the majority of them falling between 46 and 55 years old and having 10 to 19 years of experience in the sugarcane farming business. The majority of out-growers were educated to the Ordinary (O) level. Out-growers performing at the ordinary level and above were found to be adhering to standard sugarcane procedures. Despite the fact that the farmers lacked sufficient business management skills, a relatively high proportion of respondents followed standard sugarcane growing procedures. There was a significant difference in output between farmers who had formal sugarcane growing training and those who did not.

Conclusion: The overall business environment for out-grower farmers was hostile, with short loan repayment periods, lower yields per hectare, and low profit margins. Sugarcane out-growers were unwilling to form syndicates to purchase inputs or repair infrastructure. Farmers Instead of limiting out-growers to inputs supplied by the miller, they should be allowed to identify a supplier of inputs and have the financier or miller pay the supplier. When properly managed, the proposal has the potential to reduce debt burdens by allowing growers to actively manage costs. Recommendation: Out-growers should be provided with funding and training to enable them to use resources effectively and generate incomes to support agricultural activities without relying on input support from commercial plantation owners. Out-growers should be encouraged to form partnerships so that they can benefit from lower production costs.

Author (s) Details

Professor Dr. Mavondo Greanious Alfred
Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Science and Technology, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe.

Shirichena Kudakwashe
Faculty of Commerce, Graduate School of Business, National University of Science and Technology, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe.

Moyo Obadiah
Office of the Honourable Minister, Ministry of Health and Child Care, Harare, Zimbabwe.

Chikuse Francis Farai
Pathcare Namibia, 155 Nelson Mandela, Eros Windhoek, Namibia.

Mkwanazi Blessing Nkazimulo
Department of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa.

Gwatiringa Calletta
Department of Nursing and Midwifery Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Science and Technology, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/CRAS-V10/article/view/1567

Yield Loss in Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) Due to Smut Disease in Some Selected Genotypes under Sudan Conditions | Chapter 8 | Cutting-edge Research in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 9

 This research was carried out at the Sugarcane Research Centre in Guneid (Latitude 15° N, Longitude 33° E) during the 2008/2009 cropping season. Sugarcane currently contributes significantly to Sudan's national economy. The goal was to estimate the amount of sugarcane losses (field and factory) caused by the effects of smut disease caused by Ustilago scitaminea (Syd.). Replicated cane stalk samples were taken from some selected sugarcane genotypes from each of three cane categories: whip-bearing canes from diseased stools (WBC-DS), seemingly healthy looking canes from diseased stools (AHC-DS), and healthy canes from healthy stools (HC-HS). When compared to healthy canes, Brix, sucrose content (pol percent), estimated recoverable sugar (ERS), and stalk weight all showed significant reductions of 5%, 4%, 5%, and 40%, respectively. The fibre content of whip bearing cane stalks was 7% higher than that of HC-HS and AHC-DS, which are harmful and cause ERS losses. However, moisture content and purity were found to be unaffected by the disease. According to this report, Smut disease causes losses in most cane yield parameters in both the field and the factory. As a result, cane growers must better control this disease, with the most practical method being the propagation and use of disease-resistant/tolerant sugarcane genotypes, supplemented by crop sanitation to keep inocuities at bay.

Author(s) Details

Dr. P. W. Marchelo-d’Ragga
Department of Agricultural Sciences, School of Natural Recourses and Environmental Studies, University of Juba, P.O.Box 82 Juba, Republic of South Sudan.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/CRAS-V9/article/view/1456