Study about Dinosaurs - Mystery of Growth and Extinction Correction, Mystery of Growth and Extinction of Dinosaurs | Chapter 1 | Modern Advances in Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences Vol. 7

 It has long been assumed that the mass extinction of dinosaurs — a difficult geological problem – occurred as a result of the impact of a massive stone on the earth, as proposed by the Alvarez father and son team in 1980. Despite these objections, Alvarez and Alvarez's viewpoint has received widespread acceptance from geologists, including palaeontologists and other fields of science.

The author gives a significantly different perspective on dinosaur extinction, for which it is thought necessary to understand the causes of massive animal expansion. It can be presumed from the massive coal deposits of the Permian and Carboniferous periods that the oxygen content of the atmosphere of the Triassic period - which followed - increased greatly due to widespread photosynthesis of glossopteris-rich forests. From this perspective, the favourable oxygen-rich environment with lots of food material that prevailed during the Triassic epoch could be a plausible reason for some creatures' rapid growth. As a result, animals that roamed in the oxygen-rich atmosphere of the time, where lots of food was also available, grew to be big. However, during the K-T boundary stage, when major volcanism occurred in numerous parts of the globe, the oxygen concentration of the atmosphere was significantly reduced, a completely different condition prevailed. This resulted in the extinction of huge species that required a greater amount of oxygen for survival, whereas smaller animals were untouched.

Author(S) Details

Subhasis Sen
Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, India.

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A Modelling Approaches for Vortex Theory and Earth Dynamics | Chapter 3 | Challenging Issues on Environment and Earth Science Vol. 5

 Morphological evidence from active tectonic areas with subcircular geometries suggests that these geometries are the result of mechanisms other than those described by translational dynamics of complex faults. Endogenic forces, particularly convection currents, have yet to be fully explained. Under certain conditions and due to Coriolis Force, magma upwelling from the mantle, which differs in density from upward flows developing in the atmosphere and in water, can trigger endogenic vortexes. At their onset and ascent phases, vortexes apply lateral forces as a result of rotation, opening their way toward the surface and eventually stabilizing the channel. as opposed to a Vortex flows unload materials from the outside and compact them on the channel's lateral surface, making it more regular and stable. Rising linear flow compacts overlaying materials, inhibiting surge; vortex flows unload materials from the outside and compact them on the channel's lateral surface, making it more regular and stable. Torsional movements on the surface can be seen associated with volcanites, lateral ramps, and subcircular elevations. Another phenomenon that could be caused by vortex dynamics is volcanic cones with pseudo-rotations in the morphologies surrounding the crater. In this paper, we propose a model for a vortex theory that could explain Earth dynamics in terms of spiraling movement and magma upwelling stabilizing over time.

Author (S) Details

Valentino Straser
UPKL Department of Science, Environment and Energy, 4 Brussels, Belgium.

Alessandro Ferrari
Sant’Ilario d’Enza, Italy.

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