Assessing the Physiological Responses of Six Tree Species to Air Pollution in Pulogadung Industrial Area and UI Campus, Indonesia | Chapter 2 | Scientific Research, New Technologies and Applications Vol. 4

The present study assesses the Physiological Responses of Six Tree Species to Air Pollution in the Pulogadung Industrial Area and UI Campus, Indonesia. Air pollution is a global challenge that negatively affects both living organisms and the environment. Bioremediation using trees has emerged as an effective method for mitigating air pollution. Trees' responses to air pollution can be assessed using the Air Pollution Tolerance Index (APTI), which evaluates their physiological reactions. This study investigates the tolerance levels and physiological responses of six tree species—Mangifera indica (mango tree), Pterocarpus indicus (Burmese rosewood), Cerbera odollam (suicide tree), Pometia pinnata (Island Lychee, Matoa), Syzygium myrtifolium, (Red Lip), and Swietenia macrophylla (mahogany)—at the Pulogadung Industrial Estate in East Jakarta and UI Campus in Depok, based on their APTI values. Key environmental factors and APTI metrics, including relative water content (RWC), leaf extract pH, ascorbic acid content, and total chlorophyll content, were measured at both locations. Different plant species respond differently to air pollution, with some being tolerant and others sensitive. The classification of plants as tolerant or sensitive is based on APTI physiological parameters, including RWC, leaf extract pH, ascorbic acid content, and total chlorophyll content. Mangifera indica demonstrated the highest APTI score (9.79 ± 0.13) at Pulogadung Industrial Estate, reflecting a strong tolerance to air pollution. Conversely, Pterocarpus indicus showed the lowest APTI score (6.59 ± 0.18) at UI Campus, indicating sensitivity. The results suggest that tree species with higher tolerance levels have elevated RWC values and ascorbic acid concentrations, while those that are more sensitive exhibit lower RWC values and reduced total chlorophyll content. Further APTI research involving a broader range of tree species is recommended to obtain more comprehensive and accurate APTI values for a given location.

 

Author (s) Details

Ratna Yuniat
Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Indonesia, Campus UI Depok, Depok 16424, West Java, Indonesia and Research Group of Metabolomics and Chemical Ecology, Department of Biology, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia.

 

Ananda Putri
Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Indonesia, Campus UI Depok, Depok 16424, West Java, Indonesia.

 

Afiatry Putrika
Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Indonesia, Campus UI Depok, Depok 16424, West Java, Indonesia and Research Group of Wild and Sustainable Landscape, Department of Biology, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/srnta/v4/2177

Influence of Vehicular Pollution on Chlorophyll Content of Roadside Plants | Chapter 9 | Innovations in Biological Science Vol. 3

Pollution is the most alarming issue related to the environment. The content of the leaf's photosynthetic pigments, such as chlorophyll and carotenoids, decreases as a result of exposure to these pollutants, which has an impact on plant production. The influence of vehicular pollutants produced by automobiles on the chlorophyll leaf content has been investigated in the current study via comparative research. The leaves samples Caesalpinia pulcherrima, Cassia tora, Bougainvillea spectrabilis, Lantana camera, Tacoma stans, and Cassia auriculata were gathered from areas with potentially greater vehicular pollution. Chlorophyll a and Chlorophyll b photosynthetic pigments were estimated. A decrease in the plant leaves’ photosynthetic pigments in areas with greater pollution levels as compared to areas without pollution.

Author(s) Details:

Madhukar D. Ahire,
Department of Botany, S.P.H. Art’s Science and Commerce College Nampur, Tal–Baglan, Dist - Nasik, Maharashtra, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/IBS-V3/article/view/14249

PGPR Treatment in J. curcas to Improve the Quality and Yield of Fruits in the Application of Biodiesel Production | Chapter 8 | Cutting Edge Research in Biology Vol. 9

 Fossil fuels, that are non-renewable, discharge greenhouse vapor and are an important beginning of energy on a global scale. A speedily emerging substitute for fossil fuels is biodiesel, and Jatropha curcas is a critical material in its result. Due to the low children yield per cultivable hectare, J. curcas's use for biodiesel production hasn't extended much. Rhizobacteria that live on the surface of plant roots and either straightforwardly or indirectly support plant development and development is famous as "plant growth advancing rhizobacteria" (PGPR). The present study, attempts to improve Jatropha children yield upon using private potential PGPR treatment. Plant height (0.38 fold), chlorophyll content (0.53 fold), total protein (1.5 fold), number of male flowers (2.8 fold), number of female flowers (2.4 fold), and number of crops (3.1 fold) all significantly raised in PGPR-treated plants.  Physicochemical features depicted acid advantage (7 mg/g), Iodine value (104 mg/g), saponification profit (192 mg/g), viscosity (33.1 mm2/brief time period) and density (911.1 kg/m3). The judgment of fatty acid composition utilizing GC revealed that oleic acid (43.35%), linoleic acid (35.85%), Palmitic acid (15.85%) and stearic acid (4.95%). These verdicts imply that PGPR situation encourages product output, that could bring about an increase in biodiesel production.

Author(s) Details:

Archana Bharti,
Department of Biotechnology, School of Sciences, Jain (Deemed to-be-University), Bangalore, India.

Anita Roy,
Department of Biotechnology & Genetics, School of Science, Jain (Deemed-to-be University), Bangalore, India.

Aranganathan Veeramani,
Department of Biochemistry, School of Science, Jain (Deemed-to-be University), Bangalore, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CERB-V9/article/view/11179

Biochemical and Physiological Alteration in Annual Moringa Cv. PKM-1 Leaves Impacted by Termination of Apical Growth | Chapter 6 | Research Highlights in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 9

 A trial was transported to evaluate the physical and biochemical changes in M. oleifera (L.) Millsp. cv. PKM 1 persuaded by terminating sharp progress by way of course back and stingy situations. After the new dash arose from title back and trimming situations superior to flower introduction, the connotations of total phenol, dissolved protein, nitrate reductase, and chlorophyll were calculated. Chlorophyll, nitrate reductase, protein, and phenol content in leaves were powerfully affected by altitude and the point at that sharp development was blocked. Except for dissolved protein, that was bred by title back at 30 cm, the corporeal and biochemical limits were considerably impressed by course back at 70 cm linked accompanying stingy 100 days following in position or time course back.  Disturbing the sharp tumor leads to sideways arm rise, this process delays the progress in addition to dry matter disposal. Accumulation of foods in stem and leaves improves the digestive characteristic of leaves. This plain method concede possibility be used to exploit the nutraceutical characteristics of moringa Cv. PKM-1 leaves.

Author(s) Details:

V. Divyabharathi,
Department of Horticulture, Institute of Agriculture, TNAU, Tiruchirappalli, India.

V. Swaminathan,
Department of Horticulture, Retd., AC & RI, TNAU, Madurai, India.

P. Paramaguru,
Department of Horticulture, HC & RIW, TNAU, Tiruchirappalli, India.

K. Venkatesan,
Department of Crop Physiology, HC & RI, TNAU, Periyakulam, Theni, India.

T. Anitha,
Department of Biochemistry, HC & RI, TNAU, Periyakulam, Theni, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RHAS-V9/article/view/9472

The Intrinsic Chemistry of Melanin Modifies Radically Current Concepts about the Bioenergetics of Photosynthesis: A Review | Chapter 6 | Recent Research Advances in Biology Vol. 7

 Bioenergetics is the study of the continuous energy transformation in biological systems, according to biochemistry. Cell biology, biochemistry, and biophysics are all branches of this field. Bioenergetics is a branch of biochemistry concerned with energy transfer in living organisms and processes. So far, respiration, which is thought to be essential for the survival of plants and animals, has been explained as follows: a cell uses oxygen to break down molecules, and during this process, complex organic molecules are broken down into simpler inorganic compounds, releasing energy. The process of photosynthesis replenishes the complex organic molecules and oxygen needed for respiration and thus life. Sunlight is the only source of radiant energy that is always present in nature. As a result, this radiant energy is converted into chemical energy in photosynthesis, with oxygen emitted as a by-product. Only chlorophyll-containing plants and related pigments are theoretically capable of converting solar energy into photochemical energy. However, our discovery of melanin's inherent ability to convert visible and invisible light into chemical energy through the dissociation of the water molecule disrupts old paradigms and ushers in new ones.

Author (s) Details

Arturo Solís Herrera
Centre of Studies in Photosynthesis in Humans, Aguascalientes 20000, México.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/RRAB-V7/article/view/838

Analysis of the Comparative Study on Flower Pigments with Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase Activity in Orchid Plants | Chapter 5 | Challenging Issues on Environment and Earth Science Vol. 3

 Plants in the Orchidaceae family have long been one of the most significant commercial products in the agricultural industry. The flower petals can be used as cut flowers as well as potted flowers because they have eye-catching pigments.

The main pigments found in orchid flower petals, as well as their relationships with phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity, were investigated.

The total anthocyanin content of six separate orchid petals was measured using spectrophotometry, and the values ranged from 0 mg/g (in Dendrobium Shavin white) to 2.128 mg/g (in Dendrobium Shavin red) (in Mokara Aranda). The petals with vibrant colours have a lot of anthocyanin, while those with pale colours have a lot of chlorophyll. When compared to -carotene and chlorophyll content, total anthocyanin content was found to be the highest. In a correlation study, PAL behaviour was found to be significantly positive correlated with anthocyanin material.

Conclusion: The findings suggest that the PAL enzyme may be used as a biomarker for orchid flower colour.

Author (s) Details

Suat Hian Tan
Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Tecehnology, College of Computing and Applied Sciences, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, 26300 Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia.

Nyuk Ling Ma
School of Fundamental Science, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.

Wan Nurul Hidayah Wan Anuar
Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Perak Branch, Tapah Campus, Tapah Road, Malaysia.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/CIEES-V3/article/view/725

Studies on the Impact of Seasons on Leaf Dust Accumulation and Biochemical Parameters of Selected Plant Species along Side the National Highway-7 in Sirmaur, H.P, India | Chapter 9 | Modern Advances in Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences Vol. 3

 The aim of this study was to determine the efficiency of dust interception and the effect of seasons on biochemical parameters of plant species growing alongside the National Highway (NH-7) in Sirmaur, Himachal Pradesh, India. Plants are a universal CO2 drain. Ficus roxburghii, Mallotus philippensis, Shorea robusta, and Woodfordia fruticosa were chosen for the analysis. Ficus roxburghii (38.30 mg m-2) >Shorea robusta (26.94 mg m-2),>Mallotus philippensis (22.31 mg m-2) >Woodfordia fruticosa was the order of dust accumulation observed (16.70 mg m-2). The current study discovered that as the distance from the national highway increased, the amount of leaf dust accumulated decreased. The amount of leaf dust accumulated was affected by the seasons of the year, with the highest (30.70) occurring during the pre-monsoon season and the lowest (21.42) occurring during the post-monsoon season.

Author (s) Details

Jyotsana Pandit
Department of Environmental Science, Dr. Y.S Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, H.P 173230, India.

Anil Sood
Department of Environmental Science, Dr. Y.S Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, H.P 173230, India.


Satish Kumar Bhardwaj
Department of Environmental Science, Dr. Y.S Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, H.P 173230, India.

Anish Kumar Sharma
School of Sciences, PP Savani University, Surat, Gujarat 394125, India.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/MAGEES-V3/issue/view/53

Advanced Study on the Biological Pigments in Plants Physiology | Chapter 9 | Recent Research Advances in Biology Vol. 4

Plant physiology has become a daunting obstacle. The mysteries remain, despite the best efforts, most of the processes found can not be played in vitro, and it can not be assumed to date that information about the complex biochemical processes of the plant is properly understood. The need to produce food is an emergency in the world, so it is necessary to have some information that will allow us to advance in this sense. A major advance in the understanding would be able to be here, is a sharp change of direction the re-direct the attention to the trunk of the plants rather than the leaves; but this will allow us to better understand the mysteries of plant physiology. Through the dissociation of water molecules such as chlorophyll in plants, our discovery of the intrinsic property of melanin converts light energy into chemical energy, marking a turning point in relation to the chemical reaction considered to be the most significant in the world to date: photosynthesis.

Author(s) Details

Dr. Arturo Solís Herrera

Human Photosynthesis® Study Center, Aguascalientes, Mexico.

View Book :- https://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/353