Increased Transfollicular Absorption of Liposomal Sepia Melanin Enhancedd by Dilatation of Follicular Infundibulum by Microneedling | Chapter 3 | Achievements and Challenges of Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 1

The skin represents an important barrier to the penetration of exogenous substances into the body and also a potential route for the transport of functional active principles into the skin and hair. Encapsulation of chemicals in liposomes and microneedling are currently used techniques to enhance the penetration of several substances through skin and hair. The objective of the study is to study the transfollicular penetration of sepia melanin encapsulated in nanoliposomes (Melaser solution, Sesderma, Valencia, Spain) applied with a new microneedling electrical device on an ex vivo model of human skin. In this study, a liposomal melanin–fluorescein compound to an ex vivo model of human skin, using a new electrical microneedling device (Nanopore turbo roller), has been applied. The product was applied by hand massage (A) or with the assistance of the electrical roller for 2 minutes (B). An additional test was performed free of product and with only the E-roller (C). Histological changes and product absorption were evaluated by optical and fluorescent microscopy 60 and 90 minutes after the treatment. The clinical study protocol was prepared, reviewed, and approved by the General Hospital of Valencia Ethics Committee. Site B showed larger deposits of melanin–fluorescein at superficial and deep levels of hair structures in comparison to site A. Light, epidermal deposits of the melanin–fluorescein complex were also observed. Sites B and C showed a significant widening (47%) of the follicular infundibulum which could explain the increased penetration of the formulation. Microneedling also removed the scales and sebum residues in the neighborhood of the infundibulum. Targeting hair follicles with melanin may be useful to dye poorly pigmented hairs, improving laser hair removal. The procedure accelerates the delivery of melanin into hair structures allowing an even absorption, larger pigment deposits, and deeper penetration of the formulation into the hair. The study recommended that the procedure will significantly reduce the application time of the melanin solution from weeks to minutes, as well as increase the amount of product deposited in the deeper hair structures, reducing the cost of the hair-removal procedure.

 

Author (s) Details

 Gabriel Serrano
Clínica Dermatológica Serrano, Grabador Esteve 24, 46004 Valencia, Spain.

 

Patricia Almudéver
Department of Pharmacology, University of Valencia, Spain.

 

Juan M Serrano
Research and Development Department, Sesderma Laboratories, Valencia, Spain.

 

Julio Cortijo
Department of Pharmacology, University of Valencia, Spain.

 

Carmen Faus
Clínica Dermatológica Serrano, Grabador Esteve 24, 46004 Valencia, Spain.

 

Magda Reyes
Clínica Dermatológica Serrano, Grabador Esteve 24, 46004 Valencia, Spain.

 

Inmaculada Expósito
Research and Development Department, Sesderma Laboratories, Valencia, Spain.

 

Ana Torrens
Research and Development Department, Sesderma Laboratories, Valencia, Spain.

 

Fernando Millán
Clínica Dermatológica Serrano, Grabador Esteve 24, 46004 Valencia, Spain.

 

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/acmms/v1/2622

Growth Inhibition of Cancer Cell Line Using Fungal Secondary Metabolite | Chapter 15 | Advanced Research in Biological Science Vol. 3

The purpose concerning this study was to equate the cytotoxic activity of the A. fumigaus resentment factors. Particularly in dispassionate isolates, Aspergillus fumigatus generates any of poisonous compounds, proteinaceous hemolysin, protease, and pigments like melanin that seem to act synergistically and additively on containers. In this work, gliotoxin, hemolysin, protease, and melanin were utilized in an exploratory model to evaluate their cytotoxic endeavor by analyzing their effect on the Hep G2 container line. Exposure times of 24 hours at three various doses of each component were employed, accompanying triplicates of each concentration. A poisonous effect was evident accompanying a significant dissimilarity at the level of feasibility (p 0.05) for each freed compound, and this effect was contrasted across various concentrations for each freed compound. Growth inhibition of the Hep G2 container line was gradually raised with the increase of compound aggregation.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ARBS-V3/article/view/11753

A Review on Melanin, Energy, and the Cell | Chapter 10 | Highlights on Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 9

 Researchers first understood that metabolism may be seen as a network of interconnected biological events in the nineteenth century. Enzymes appear to catalyze these events, speeding up their progression; yet, human body is not just a sack of enzymes. Disruptions in metabolic processes are involved in several of the most common diseases in modern civilization, including diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and obesity. This leads in an excess of glucose in the blood in patients with diabetes mellitus. From the first scientific publication in the 17th century until the present day; There have been about six million papers published regarding metabolism. Despite this, new findings are constantly released, offering pieces of the puzzle on the mechanisms of metabolic processes; we cannot explain metabolism by studying individual network responses. It's like to attempting to comprehend the intricate workings of our solar system with isolated photos of the Moon, Sun, and planets. To comprehend metabolism, which entails constant change, it is vital to examine the network as a dynamic whole, including the energy required. Because energy is defined as everything that causes a change, any change necessitates the expenditure of energy. As a result, cellular metabolism necessitates the existence of power on a constant basis because it involves constant modifications. Until now, glucose has been thought of as the energy source of choice for eukaryotes. However, models based on this dogma have resulted in the establishment of databases with metabolic pathways that are 97 percent contentious. The discrepancy between different metabolic pathway databases is significant and cannot be clearly explained. We believe that the finding of the melanin's previously unknown intrinsic potential to convert visible and invisible light into chemical energy via dissociation of the water molecule, similar to how chlorophyll in plants does; that is, producing chemical energy transported by hydrogen (H2). It will provide the necessary molecular logic for more coherent and consistent metabolic models to be implemented. recognizing that glucose's true function is as a supply of carbon chains for our bodies to use The light visible and invisible as the genuine source of power, thanks to melanin, synthesizes the biomolecules that are required to operate and preserve shape; and the creation of a new biochemistry; and the light visible and invisible as the genuine source of power, thanks to melanin. The investigation of glucose metabolism has proven to be a difficult task. Proteins are easier to study. However, we now know that glucose merely offers the building blocks for organic molecules, not the energy required for its own metabolism.

Author (s) Details

A. S. Herrera
Human Photosynthesis Research Center, Aguascalientes, México.

View Book : - https://stm.bookpi.org/HMMR-V9/article/view/1030

Pharmacological Intensification of the Process of Water Dissociation, or Human Photosynthesis, and Its Impact on the Recovery Mechanisms of Diverse Etiology in Tissues Affected by Bloodshed | Chapter 9 | Highlights on Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 9

 The photoreceptor layer of the human retina has some unique characteristics. Rods and cones have the largest energy requirements in the body, requiring 10-fold more energy than the cerebral cortex, 6-fold more than the cardiac muscle, and 3-fold more than the renal cortex. Surprisingly, the photoreceptor layer lacks blood vessels. So, where does this tissue's energy come from? We shall discuss the previously undisclosed explanation in this article. Human photosynthesis is the origin of life and is put first in the sequence of all biochemical processes of life; all other functions or reactions are subsequent to water dissociation and rely on the energy generated by our previously unknown human photosynthesis directly or indirectly.

Author (s) Details

Arturo Solís Herrera
Human Photosynthesis Study Center, Centro Aguascalientes, México.

María del Carmen Arias Esparza
Human Photosynthesis Study Center, Centro Aguascalientes, México.

J. Jesús Alvarado Esquivel
Human Photosynthesis Study Center, Centro Aguascalientes, México.

Graciela Landín Miranda
Human Photosynthesis Study Center, Centro Aguascalientes, México.

Ruth Isabel Solís Arias
Human Photosynthesis Study Center, Centro Aguascalientes, México.

Paola Eugenia Solís Arias
Human Photosynthesis Study Center, Centro Aguascalientes, México.

Martha Patricia Solís Arias
Human Photosynthesis Study Center, Centro Aguascalientes, México.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/HMMR-V9/article/view/1029

Study on Unexpected Capability of Melanin to Split the Water Molecule and the Alzheimer’s Disease | Chapter 8 | Highlights on Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 9

Because the incidence and prevalence of the three major causes of blindness had not altered in the previous forty years, we initiated a study in 1990. Twelve years later, we learned that the human retina's principal source of energy is water, not ATP. This holds true for the entire human body. Water is the primary source of energy. We were unaware of eukaryotic cells' extraordinary capacity to break or dissociate the water molecule because it requires 2000°C to dissociate water in a laboratory environment, and it was previously thought that only plants could do so. this is it. Water isn't just for washing away filth and toxins; it's also a cleaning and a fundamental solvent that we consume on a daily basis. As our bodies dissolve the water molecule, hydrogen may supply energy to cells (Hydrogen is the energy carrier that Nature uses the most). Water is our primary source of energy. We'd have to eat between 50 and 170 kilograms (110 and 374 lbs.) every day if our bodies couldn't get enough energy from water. When a systemic breakdown occurs in any system, we must immediately suspect energy. Generalized failures include Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. That clarifies why it isn't. Patients rarely improve considerably when the human photosynthesis process is pharmacologically stimulated. Keep in mind that energy is required not only for the brain to expand and perform functions, but also to preserve its structure and structure. The most abundant source of energy for human cells is hydrogen. Low levels of water dissociation over time in Alzheimer's disease reflect a persistent energy shortage, which can show in a variety of ways as the disease progresses.

Author (s) Details

Maria del Carmen Arias-Esparza
Human Photosynthesis Study Center, Research, Development and Innovation Department, Aguascalientes, Mexico.

Ruth Isabel Solís Arias
Human Photosynthesis Study Center, Research, Development and Innovation Department, Aguascalientes, Mexico.

Paola Eugenia Solís Arias
Human Photosynthesis Study Center, Research, Development and Innovation Department, Aguascalientes, Mexico.

Martha Patricia Solís Arias
Human Photosynthesis Study Center, Research, Development and Innovation Department, Aguascalientes, Mexico.

Arturo Solís-Herrera
Human Photosynthesis Study Center, Research, Development and Innovation Department, Aguascalientes, Mexico.

View Book : - https://stm.bookpi.org/HMMR-V9/article/view/1028

Study on Unsuspected Intrinsic Property of Melanin to Dissociate the Water Molecule, Implications in Pulmonary Biology | Chapter 7 | Recent Research Advances in Biology Vol. 7

 Despite the fact that life began in anoxia, many species came to rely on oxygen for survival, developing independently complex respiratory systems to remove CO2 and acquire oxygen from the atmosphere. As a result, Oxygen, both a vital gas and a deadly poison, constitutes a trade-off in which all species have struggled. Life cannot exist without oxygen. Inhaled oxygen is absorbed into the bloodstream; dissolved oxygen combines with food (which is stored in the body as sugars) to provide energy and heat - metabolism. Since centuries, the study of oxygen movements in the tissues of the human body has piqued people's interest. Dr. Christian Bohr and August Krogh worked on respiratory physiology and capillary modelling at the turn of the century, using mathematical models to measure molecular transport in microcirculation and attempting to assess the negative effects of a lack of oxygen transport to tissues. Computer simulation, it was said, allowed for the investigation of the systems' dynamic and nonlinear characteristics. However, the findings have been and continue to be conflicting. Dietrich Werner Lubbers (1917-2005) received several patents in Germany for designs related to the analysis of gases in tissues. Dietrich Lübbers' goal in his research was to figure out the whole pathway and control of oxygen transfer from the blood into the mitochondria. Under physiological conditions, analysis of pO2 histograms on most organs showed a striking similarity: a Gaussian distribution of less than 5% of values less than 5mmHg. Other research used near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to detect changes in the concentrations of oxy- ([HbO2]), deoxy- ([HHb]), and complete haemoglobin ([HbT]=[HbO2] [HHb]) [1]. Diabetic rats' kidney oxygen supply was found to be significantly reduced, presumably due to increased oxygen consumption [2].

Author (s) Details

Arturo Solís Herrera
Centre of Studies in Photosynthesis in Humans, Aguascalientes 20000, México.

Oscar Aguilera Madrigal
Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, México.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/RRAB-V7/article/view/839

The Intrinsic Chemistry of Melanin Modifies Radically Current Concepts about the Bioenergetics of Photosynthesis: A Review | Chapter 6 | Recent Research Advances in Biology Vol. 7

 Bioenergetics is the study of the continuous energy transformation in biological systems, according to biochemistry. Cell biology, biochemistry, and biophysics are all branches of this field. Bioenergetics is a branch of biochemistry concerned with energy transfer in living organisms and processes. So far, respiration, which is thought to be essential for the survival of plants and animals, has been explained as follows: a cell uses oxygen to break down molecules, and during this process, complex organic molecules are broken down into simpler inorganic compounds, releasing energy. The process of photosynthesis replenishes the complex organic molecules and oxygen needed for respiration and thus life. Sunlight is the only source of radiant energy that is always present in nature. As a result, this radiant energy is converted into chemical energy in photosynthesis, with oxygen emitted as a by-product. Only chlorophyll-containing plants and related pigments are theoretically capable of converting solar energy into photochemical energy. However, our discovery of melanin's inherent ability to convert visible and invisible light into chemical energy through the dissociation of the water molecule disrupts old paradigms and ushers in new ones.

Author (s) Details

Arturo Solís Herrera
Centre of Studies in Photosynthesis in Humans, Aguascalientes 20000, México.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/RRAB-V7/article/view/838

Advanced Study on the Biological Pigments in Plants Physiology | Chapter 9 | Recent Research Advances in Biology Vol. 4

Plant physiology has become a daunting obstacle. The mysteries remain, despite the best efforts, most of the processes found can not be played in vitro, and it can not be assumed to date that information about the complex biochemical processes of the plant is properly understood. The need to produce food is an emergency in the world, so it is necessary to have some information that will allow us to advance in this sense. A major advance in the understanding would be able to be here, is a sharp change of direction the re-direct the attention to the trunk of the plants rather than the leaves; but this will allow us to better understand the mysteries of plant physiology. Through the dissociation of water molecules such as chlorophyll in plants, our discovery of the intrinsic property of melanin converts light energy into chemical energy, marking a turning point in relation to the chemical reaction considered to be the most significant in the world to date: photosynthesis.

Author(s) Details

Dr. Arturo Solís Herrera

Human Photosynthesis® Study Center, Aguascalientes, Mexico.

View Book :- https://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/353