Features of Global Photosynthesis in Large Systems their Use for Studing the Evolution of the Global Carbon Cycle | Chapter 9 | Emerging Challenges in Environment and Earth Science Vol. 1

 It is demonstrated that the equation for photosynthesis in large systems can be transformed to the customary form employed in the analysis of a single photosynthesizing organism of type C-3, and that the equation describes the same photosynthesis traits that are inherent in these organisms. However, photosynthesis in big systems has two distinct characteristics as a result of its participation in such systems. There are two characteristics that distinguish global photosynthesis in the carbon cycle from traditional photosynthesis. The first is photosynthetic evolution's pulsation nature, which explains the recurrence of many phenomena in the biosphere, such periodic changes in "greenhouse" effects and glaciations, mass extinctions of life, climatic cycles, biotic turnover, and so on. The second feature is the global photosynthesis's spontaneous ascent to the ecological compensation point. It determines the global carbon cycle's shift to a stationary state. This trait enables researchers to comprehend how sedimentary organic matter accumulated in the earth's crust and oxygen accumulated in the atmosphere. When the ecological compensation point is reached, a stationary state of the carbon cycle emerges, the carbon balance in the system can be assessed.

Author(S) Details

A. A. Ivlev
Russian State Agrarian University of K.A. Timiryazev, Moscow, Russia.

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Studies on Global Redox Carbon Cycle and Periodicity of Some Phenomena in Biosphere (6381)| Chapter 4 | Challenging Issues on Environment and Earth Science Vol. 6

 A global redox carbon cycle model is used to investigate the irregular periodicity of some biosphere events such as climatic cycles, mass extinctions, sudden changes in biodiversity rate, and others over geological time. It is demonstrated that the periodicity of these various natural events is caused by a single cause. Moving lithospheric plates have a periodic impact on photosynthesis via CO2 injections, which is the cause. The oxidation of sedimentary organic matter via thermochemical sulphate reduction from the subduction zone, where plates clash, is the source of CO2. Orogenic cycles are generated by the periodicity and irregularity of lithospheric plate movement, which occur against a backdrop of orogenic cycles. Identify the geological events that occurred in the past. Orogenic cycles occurred until the carbon cycle reached the ecological compensation point, which occurs when the amount of photosynthetically produced carbon equals the amount of reduced carbon oxidised in the Earth's crust's various oxidation processes. Long-term orogenic cycles were replaced by short-term climatic oscillations after this time. The orogenic cycles and climatic oscillations share the same set of characteristics, indicating that they are of the same nature. The only things that have changed are the length of the event and the magnitude of its impact.

Author(s) Details

Dr. Alexander A. Ivlev
Russian State Agrarian University - Moscow Agricultural Academy of Timiryazev, Timiryazevskaya str. 49 Moscow 127550, Russia.

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