Bioactivity of Mineral-Enriched Organic Carrots: Anticancer Effects in HT-29 Cells and Anti-Inflammatory Activity in Mice Splenocytes | Chapter 2 | Molecular Mechanisms and Signaling Pathways of the Anti-inflammatory Effects of Functional Foods

 

Carrot (Daucus carota) is a globally important root vegetable with diverse biological activities. Currently, organic cultivation places a greater focus on ecosystem health by using natural organic fertilisers and organic pesticides, such as animal and plant-based fertilisers and natural insecticides, reducing reliance on chemical substances, promoting soil health and ecological balance, and providing healthier and environmentally friendly agricultural products.  However, research on the anti-inflammatory properties of carrots, especially comparing traditionally cultivated and organically grown varieties, remains limited. Therefore, this study examined the anticancer and anti-inflammatory properties of carrots cultivated using Natural Dream Cultivation (NC), an organic farming method enhanced with mineral supplementation. The inhibitory effect of NC carrot extracts on HT-29 human colon cancer cells was assessed via MTT assay, while qPCR was used to evaluate mRNA expression of cell cycle- and apoptosis-related genes. Nitric oxide (NO) concentration was measured using the Griess method. In LPS-induced mouse splenocytes, levels of inflammatory cytokines were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and natural killer (NK) cell activity was evaluated via LDH release assay. Results showed that NC significantly suppressed cancer cell proliferation. It up-regulated the expression of cell cycle arrest genes (p53, p21) and pro-apoptotic genes (Bim, Bad, Bax, Bak, caspase-9, caspase-3), while down-regulating anti-apoptotic genes (Bcl-2, Bcl-xL). Furthermore, NC treatment inhibited NO production and reduced the release of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, IFN-γ, IL-12) in LPS-stimulated splenocytes. NC also promoted NK cell activation. By elucidating the inhibitory effects on cancer cells and modulation of inflammatory responses, this study reveals potential mechanisms behind the anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities of carrots. The innovative mineral-enhanced organic cultivation method presented here offers new possibilities for developing carrots as a functional food candidate supported by in vitro and ex vivo bioactivity relevant to cancer- and inflammation-associated pathways. These findings may inform the future design of dietary research hypotheses and preclinical studies, pending validation in animal models and clinical settings.

 

Author(s) Details

Yanni Pan
Collaborative Innovation Center for Child Nutrition and Health Development, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China and Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Republic of Korea.

 

Yeon-Jun Lee
Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Republic of Korea.

 

Sin-Il Sin
Agriculture Research Center for Carbon Neutral and Healing, Gurye 57607, Republic of Korea.

 

Seung-Hwan Park
Agriculture Research Center for Carbon Neutral and Healing, Gurye 57607, Republic of Korea.

 

Kun-Young Park

Collaborative Innovation Center for Child Nutrition and Health Development, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China and Graduate School of Integrative Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Republic of Korea.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mono/978-81-998509-0-3/CH2

 

Unveiling the Bioactive Potential of Ipomoea biloba: An Integrated Approach to Phytochemistry and Bioactivity | Chapter 2 | Chemical and Materials Sciences: Research Findings Vol. 6

 

Ipomoea biloba (Convolvulaceae) is a water-loving creeping plant and is esteemed in traditional medicine for its different types of therapeutic applications in various diseases like asthma, rheumatism, and burns. Despite it has been used historical use, a comprehensive scientific validation of its bioactivity is essential. This chapter explores the detailed systematic investigation of the phytochemical constituents and pharmacological activity of the potential of a methanol extract of Ipomoea biloba leaves (MEIB). The Methanol was used as an extraction solvent to accomplish a wide different ranging recovery of phytoconstituents because of its well-balanced polarity. The preliminary phytochemical profiling of MEIB confirmed the presence of a variety of secondary metabolites, including alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, terpenoids, saponins, steroids, carbohydrates, and amino acids. The in vitro antioxidant capacity of MEIB was assessed using standard assays, revealing significant, dose-dependent free radical scavenging activity comparable to ascorbic acid, thereby underscoring its potential to ameliorate oxidative stress. Furthermore, the cytotoxic efficacy of MEIB was assessed against the human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) cell line. The extract demonstrated a potent and dose-dependent inhibition of cell proliferation, suggesting notable anticancer properties. This cytotoxic activity may be mechanistically linked to the presence of phytoestrogenic compounds, like estradiol precursors, known to interact with estrogen receptors in the cytoplasm of target cells. The collective study findings from this robust position Ipomoea biloba as a promising reservoir of bioactive compounds. The findings not only validate its ethnomedicinal uses but also highlight its significant potential as a source for the development of natural antioxidant and anticancer agents. Further research is needed to isolate, characterise, and confirm the specific molecules responsible for these observed biological activities.

 

Author(s) Details

 

Geetha Rani Kumar
Department of Biochemistry, Muthayammal College of Arts and Science (A), Rasipuram, Namakkal, India.

 

Shobana Devi Paulraj
Department of Biochemistry, Shrimati Indira Gandhi College, Thiruchirapalli, India.

 

Vallipriya Rajendran
Department of Biochemistry & Biotechnology, Pavendar Bharathidasan College of Arts and Science (PBCAS), (Bharathidasan University) Thiruchirapalli, India.

 

Kiruthika Natarajan
School of Allied Health Science, Vinayaka Missions Research Foundation, Deemed to be University, Salem, India.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/cmsrf/v6/6704

Anticancer Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential of Garlic (Allium sativum) Derived Allicin and Z-Ajoene | Chapter 3 | Medical Science: Recent Advances and Applications Vol. 9

 

Garlic (Allium sativum) derives much of its anticancer properties from sulfur-containing metabolites generated when cloves are crushed, including Allicin and its more stable rearrangement product Z‑Ajoene. Despite its rapid degradation, Allicin induces mitochondrial-driven apoptosis, changes the Nrf2 pathway to alter cellular redox balance, and inhibits drug efflux proteins (such as P glycoprotein) to render chemotherapy-resistant cancer cells more susceptible. Z‑Ajoene has multiple effects, including triggering endoplasmic reticulum stress_(upregulating BiP/GRP78 and activating the PERK/ATF4/CHOP axis blocking Wnt/β_catenin signaling through CK1α-mediated β-catenin phosphorylation, reducing oncogenic drivers like c-Myc, disrupting vimentin filaments to impair invasion, and selectively targeting cancer stem cells through AKT, TGF_β, Notch, and ERK/p38 pathways. Recent translational efforts include nanoformulation of Allicin for better stability and delivery, as well as combination regimens matching these drugs with traditional chemotherapeutics (e.g., 5-FU, paclitaxel), which demonstrate synergistic tumour suppression and lower systemic toxicity. Nanocage-based delivery systems, such as Al₁₂N₁₂ and B₁₂N₁₂, enhance allicin’s stability, bioavailability, and targeted delivery, significantly improving its therapeutic potential.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Shivani L. Bhuse
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, PES Modern College of Pharmacy, Nigdi-411044, Pune, Maharashtra, India.

 

Pallavi M. Patil
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, PES Modern College of Pharmacy, Nigdi-411044, Pune, Maharashtra, India.

 

Rajat R. Durbule
Department of Quality Assurance Technique, PES Modern College of Pharmacy, Nigdi-411044, Pune, Maharashtra, India.

 

Prathmesh B. Parkale
Department of Quality Assurance Technique, PES Modern College of Pharmacy, Nigdi-411044, Pune, Maharashtra, India.

 

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/msraa/v9/6041

Anticancer Activity of Atractylodes lancea (Thunb.) DC. in a Hamster Model and the Use of PET-CT for Early Detection and Monitoring of Cholangiocarcinoma Progression | Chapter 3 | Achievements and Challenges of Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 6

Background: Opisthorchis viverrini (OV)-induced cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a significant public health issue in the Great Mekong region, particularly in Thailand. Current treatment options are limited, and early detection remains challenging, hindering effective management of CCA. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-CCA potential of the ethanolic extract of Atractylodes lancea (Thunb.) DC. and assess the applicability of positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) as a diagnostic and monitoring tool for CCA in an OV/dimethylnitrosamine (DMN)-induced hamster model.

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the anticancer activity of Atractylodes lancea (Thunb.) DC. in an OV/DMN-induced hamster model of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) and to assess the potential of PET-CT for early detection and monitoring the progression of CCA.

Methods: Male Syrian hamsters were used to assess the toxicity and anti-CCA effects of Atractylodes lancea ethanolic extract. CCA was induced in male Syrian hamsters using a combination of OV infection and DMN exposure. The ethanolic extract of A. lancea was administered orally for 30 days. PET-CT imaging using 18F-FDG was conducted every 4 weeks after the initiation of CCA.

Results: The ethanolic extract of A. lancea demonstrated promising anti-CCA activity and a favorable safety profile in the OV/DMN-induced hamster model. PET-CT imaging successfully detected tumor formation and progression, although modifications to the radiolabeling approach are needed to enhance specificity for CCA cells. The median (95% CI) tumor 18F-FDG uptake (percentage of baseline) in CCA-baring and normal control hamsters at weeks 4, 8, 12, and 16 after OV infection were comparable (90 vs 100, 130 vs 140, 170 vs 175, and 200 vs 205 at week 4, 8, 12, and 16 after OV-infection, respectively).

Conclusion: The ethanolic extract of Atractylodes lancea (Thunb.) DC. demonstrates significant potential as a therapeutic agent against cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), showing both potent anticancer activity and a safe profile in the hamster model. Additionally, while PET-CT proves to be a feasible tool for monitoring tumor development and progression, enhancements in radiolabeling techniques are essential to improve the specificity for detecting CCA cells and ensure more accurate early detection and assessment of treatment efficacy. While PET-CT successfully detected tumor development, further optimization of the radiolabeling technique is needed to improve its selectivity for CCA cells.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Tullayakorn Plengsuriyakarn
Center of Excellence in Pharmacology and Molecular Biology of Malaria and Cholangiocarcinoma, Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand.

 

Naoki Matsuda
Division of Radiation Biology and Protection, Radioisotope Center, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.

 

Juntra Karbwang
Department of Clinical Product Development, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.

 

Vithoon Viyanant
Center of Excellence in Pharmacology and Molecular Biology of Malaria and Cholangiocarcinoma, Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand.

 

Kenji Hirayama
Department of Immunogenetics, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.

 

Kesara Na-Bangchang
Center of Excellence in Pharmacology and Molecular Biology of Malaria and Cholangiocarcinoma, Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/acmms/v6/2905

Benzisoxazole Derivatives: Synthesis and Their Therapeutic Significance in Medicinal Chemistry | Chapter 6 | Recent Developments in Chemistry and Biochemistry Research Vol. 10

Benzisoxazoles and their derivatives have been extensively investigated and applied across various medical fields. These compounds have demonstrated significant therapeutic potential in the management of cardiovascular conditions, including myocardial infarction, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. Additionally, they have been utilized in the treatment of inflammatory diseases, irritable disorders, and gastrointestinal conditions such as peptic ulcers. Benzisoxazoles also show promise in addressing metabolic disorders, including obesity, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome. Moreover, novel benzisoxazole derivatives exhibit a range of bioactive properties, including anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-glycation, and antibacterial activities. The continuous advancement in the development of highly active benzisoxazole-based compounds underscores their potential as scaffolds for future therapeutic candidates. This chapter focuses on the synthesis of benzisoxazole derivatives using various methodologies and highlights the significance of this pharmacophore in medicinal chemistry.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Mahima Samanth
Department of Chemistry, Vijaya Vittala Institute of Technology, Bengaluru-560 077, Karnataka, India.

 

Mahesh Bhat
Department of Chemistry, Poornaprajna College (Autonomous), Udupi-576 101, Karnataka, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rdcbr/v10/3809

Anticancer Potential and Photocatalytic Efficiency of Phyto-mediated Copper Oxide Nanoparticles | Chapter 2 | Recent Developments in Chemistry and Biochemistry Research Vol. 4

In a straightforward one-pot synthesis method, Moringa oleifera leaf extract was used to create copper oxide nanoparticles or CuO NPs. The prepared state physicochemical properties of CuO NPs were investigated by means of an array of analytical techniques. Finding the highest absorption peak at 293 nm, which was subsequently utilized to compute the band gap energy (3.82 eV), clearly suggests the existence of CuO nanoparticles. Good crystallinity was indicated by the assessed crystalline size of about 21 nm and the d-spacing value of 0.215 nm of the generated CuO NPs. Its extraordinary elemental purity and well-aggregated structure are confirmed by the EDAX spectrum of the generated CuO NPs. Our preparation method worked, as these facts convincingly show. To further evaluate the generated CuO NPs' potential for in vitro anticancer activities, MCF7 and A549 breast and lung cancer cells were employed. Its potential as a formidable cancer-fighting tactic was highlighted by these data, which showed that varying doses of CuO nanoparticles showed significant and proportionate toxicity toward the assessed cell lines. Furthermore, malachite green (MG) and titan yellow (TY) dyes were degraded using the as-prepared CuO NPs under UV light. Present results show that at the 140th and 110th minute, MG and TY, respectively, showed a noticeable degree of degradation of 84.7% and 79.03% in the basic medium. Upon additional examination of the collected data for the reaction kinetic tests, it was determined that the MG and TY dyes' first-order and zero-order kinetics, respectively, were aligned. The generated CuO NPs not only show great potential as a tool for creating new treatments for lung and breast cancer, but they also have the ability to degrade hazardous cationic and anionic dyes.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Poojitha B. Sridhara Setty
Department of Biotechnology, GM Institute of Technology, Davangere – 577 006, Karnataka, India.

 

Shiva Prasad Kollur
School of Physical Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Mysuru Campus, Mysuru – 570 026, Karnataka, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rdcbr/v4/594

An Overview of Nutritional Composition and Potential Health Benefits of Moringa sp. | Chapter 9 | Advanced Research in Biological Science Vol. 9

Moringa, scientifically known as Moringa oleifera, is a multipurpose tree that has gained considerable attention due to its exceptional nutritional and medicinal properties. Native to the Indian subcontinent, Moringa is now cultivated in various tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. This article provides an overview of the nutritional composition and potential health benefits of Moringa, highlighting its role as a valuable resource for combating malnutrition and addressing various health conditions. Moringa leaves offer multiple health advantages, including antioxidant activity, anti-microbial activity, anti-cancerous activity, anti-inflammatory action, and many more.  Hypertension, diabetes, heart failure, and several pathological situations are the cause of this oxidative stress. Natural antioxidants are always the first choice of consumers and are better than synthetic antioxidants resistance strain incidences of pathogens increase, resulting in higher death rates worldwide, and new and improved antimicrobial drugs must be developed. In this regard, medicinal plants are coming into the limelight, having a superior approach to health and being devoid of synthetic pharmaceutical side effects. The anticancer activity of Moringa leaves aqueous extracts was investigated against human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells. A significant reduction (44–52%) was seen in HepG2 cell growth when the leaf extracts were orally administered, making them potent anticancer agents. The information presented here is based on a review of relevant research articles available on Google Scholar.

Author(s) Details:

Asma Saghir Khan,
Department of Home Economics, Mirpur University of Science and Technology (MUST), Pakistan.

Nazish Zulfiqar,
Department of Home Economics, Mirpur University of Science and Technology (MUST), Pakistan.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ARBS-V9/article/view/13792

Exploring Podophyllotoxin and Its Derivatives: Synthesis and Anticancer Developments | Chapter 4 | Recent Developments in Science and Technology for Sustainable Future

Many scientific studies have shown that plants are excellent source of useful bioactive substances. Sufficient proof of the healing properties of plants utilized in conventional medicine systems around the world can be found in scientific research. Lignans are the significant class of plant bioactive compounds from the pharmaceutical perspective and these are reported as folk medications in traditional medicines of China and Japan. Podophyllotoxin is one of the most well-known aryltetralin lignan due to its effectiveness in combating cancer. It is found in the Podophyllum plant species like P. hexandrum and P. peltatum rhizomes. Although podophyllotoxin is a strong antimitotic drug itself, it is too toxic for the human cancer therapy. Etoposide, teniposide, and etopophos the therapeutically significant anticancer drugs, are the semisynthetic derivatives of podophyllotoxin. These drugs have been used to cure many types of cancers, including lung, breast and testicular cancer. However, toxicity to the body, resistance to drugs and low absorption greatly restricted the use of these compounds in clinical therapy. However, in recent decades, substantial chemical modification and pharmacological research have been focused on the derivatives of podophyllotoxin to overcome these challenges and there is continuous search for more potent podophyllotoxin derivatives to treat a variety of malignancies. Thus our book chapter is focused on the importance of podophyllotoxin and its mode of action for cancer. Podophyllotoxin is found in Podophyllum plant species in rich amount but to maintain the ecological balance the commercially available podophyllotoxin is used for the chemical synthesis of its derivatives. We further discussed about about five well known derivatives of podophyllotoxin i.e. etoposide, teniposide, TOP 53, GL331 and NK611. The structures of podophyllotoxin and these derivatives are described along with their mechanisms of action. Very recent examples from 2021 onwards on the synthesis of C-4 and C-5 podophyllotoxin derivatives containing ester, piperazinyl-cinnamic amide moieties from podophyllotoxin are covered along with their anticancer potential.

Author(s) Details:

Abha Chaudhary,
Department of Chemistry, Govt. P. G. College, Ambala Cantt, India.

Deepak Sharma,
Department of Chemistry, Govt. P. G. College, Ambala Cantt, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RDSTSF/article/view/13385

Evaluation of In-vitro Cytotoxicity Activity of Costus igneus (Insulin Plant) and the Potential Role of its Phytochemical Constituents in Hepatocellular Carcinoma | Chapter 7 | Advanced Concepts in Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 3

 Costus igneus and allure secondary metabolites have happened widely evaluated and used to treat subjects with diabetes with metabolic condition. Recent evidence submitted that non-alcoholic fatty liver affliction (NAFLD) and diabetes associated metabolic condition were the important risk factors for hepatocellular abnormal growth in animate being (HCC). So, herbals with insulin sensitizing characteristics have a promising duty in the control of metabolic syndrome and tumor. This study was conducted to evaluate the artificial anticancer activity of the ethanolic extract of Costus igneus leaves against hepatocellular abnormal growth in animate being (HepG2) cells. Artificial cytotoxicity activity (MTT assay) of the plant extract leaves was acted with eight different concentrations (1000 to7.8µg/ml) and the allotment of viability was premeditated from the graph. The aggregation required for a 50% being inhibition (IC 50) was calculated as 62.5µg/ml. Still, 74.57% and 22.65% of cell animation were produced apiece concentration of 7.8µg/ml and 1000µg/ml individually. These results observed the cytotoxic activity of ethanolic extract of Costus igneus leaves and confirmed the potential role of Costus igneus phytochemical possessions against hepatocellular carcinoma.

Author(s) Details:

Glory Josephine I.,
Department of Pharmacology, Sree Balaji Medical College & Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research (BIHER), Chennai 600044, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ACPR-V3/article/view/12700

Acridine and Acridinedione: Synthesis and Biological Applications | Chapter 11 | Novel Aspects on Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol. 7

 The devote effort to something acridinediones has increased over the past various decades, which has unlocked the door to new applications in the technical, medical, and artificial domains. This is because acridinediones are an main class of nitrogen heterocyclic compounds that include excellent,4-dihydropyridine parent nucleus. This book episode covers the application of miscellaneous catalysts and methodologies, in the way that nanocatalysts, ionic fluids, microwaves, and ultrasound, in the development of synthetic contracts. It also specifies an overview of the historical framework, chemical backlashes, and physical and chemical traits of acridine/acridinedione derivatives. In addition, we have argued the results of the monomethoxy polyethylene glycol (mPEG) attached acridinedione compounds that were synthesized by our group and their organic applications, to a degree anticancer, antioxidant, and anti-microbial activity. The purpose concerning this discussion search out provide motivation for further search on the synthetic principles and mechanistic riddles associated with the acridinedione moiety for the improvement of mankind.

Author(s) Details:

Tathagata Dey,
Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore-632014, Tamil Nadu, India and Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, East Point College of Pharmacy, Bangalore-560049, Karnataka, India.

Dhakshanamurthy Thirumalai,
Department of Chemistry, Thiruvalluvar University, Vellore-632 115, Tamil Nadu, India.

Srinivasan Parthiban Ragavi,
Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore-632014, Tamil Nadu, India.

Indira Viswambaran Asharani,
Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore-632014, Tamil Nadu, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NACB-V7/article/view/11969

Determination of Antibacterial, Anticancer, Catalytic, and Antioxidant Activities of Green Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles Derived from Alternanthera sessilis Leaf Extract | Chapter 11 | Research Advances in Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol. 5

 The study evaluates the biogenesis of Ag NPs utilizing an liquid extract of Alternanthera sessilis (Linn) leaf (A.S).  Green nanotechnology is a novel field that employs green allure to generate nanoparticles Biological NP combination approaches provide up new hope for NP synthesis by taking advantage of natural lowering and stabilizing powers. It is a less expensive and more environmentally companionable alternative to chemical and physical processes because it does not demand any strength or toxic factors. The formation of Ag NPs was rooted by UV-vis spectra study. The UV-visible spectrophotometer obtained a different peak at 420 nm, the XRD validated the Transparent FCC nature of biogenic Ag NPs, and the FTIR and Zeta-potential (±14) tests told that phyto-chemicals were being the reason for Ag NP reduction and counterweight. TEM analysis disclosed a spherical shape with a capacity of about 24 nm. According to FTIR and Zeta-potential examinations, the terpenoids and alkaloids in the liquid extract of A.sessilis leaves acted as lowering and capping powers to stabilise the produced Ag NPs. Biogenic Ag NPs further displayed antioxidant, decontaminating, and catalytic activity against DPPH and ABTS+., two Gram beneficial and two Gram negative microorganisms, and Various dyes (MB,Mo,CV,RhB,EY), individually.The tests also told that Ag NPs were more effective against Gramme negative microorganisms than Gramme positive microorganisms in terms of antibacterial exercise. Additionally, they manifested that Hela cells and the MCF-7 bosom cancer container line were resistant to the anticancer belongings of Ag NPs. Stronger anticancer belongings are produced at higher doses.

Author(s) Details:

B. HariBabu,
Department of Chemistry, M.A.L.D Govt. Degree College, Palamuru University, Gadwal-509125, Telangana-76, India.

G. Vijaya Lakshmi,
Department of Chemistry, University College for Women, Koti, Osmania University, Hyderabad-500009, Telangana, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RAMB-V5/article/view/10489

In-vitro Anticancer and Antimicrobial Effects of Barleria prionitis Leaves Ethanol Extract| Chapter 12 | Current Overview on Pharmaceutical Science Vol. 2

 The aim of the current investigation search out evaluate the ordinarily used Barleria prionitis for allure anticancer activities against various cell lines and its antimicrobial belongings against different bacterial and fungal strains. Extraction of Barleria prionitis leaves in intoxicating was done by Soxhlet means. After extraction, phytochemical guess of these seven secondary metabolites Alkaloids, Flavonoids, Anthroquinone, Saponins, Terpenoids, Tannins and Cardiac Glycosides was approved as per protocols of Kokate (2010). MIC of BLE has happened done by Dilution pattern on five bacterial and five fungal strains. Total activity deliberate by using Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC). Statistical analysis of anticancer endeavor was done by utilizing MS Excel 2007 with ±predictable difference and student t-test.Barleria leaf extract (BLE) accompanying ethanol is a non-cold solvent extract that is to say thought expected the best fit for extracting the greatest number of subordinate metabolites such as alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, and tannins. BLE extract showed excellent MIC belongings against pathogenic bacterial and fungal strains. BLE has highly productive activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa accompanying 1.25 mg MIC, OD value of sample is 0.02±0.0005 (±SD) accompanying 0.0211-0.0245 range. MIC against fungal strains have effective exercise against Candida vaginitis with 6.25 mg MIC, OD profit of sample is 0.02±0.0003 (±SD) with 0.0213-0.0232 range. Barleria leaf ethanol extract has likely more than 70% restriction against breast container lines (MCF-7) and it’s near to Doxorubicin medicine (81%). Breast metastatic (MDMAMB-468) was found 60% shy with BLE extract and skilled is lots of dissimilarity in the results of Doxorubicin.BLE extract have given best inhibitory belongings against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in bacterial strains and Candida vaginitis fungal strains. BLE shown positive results against Lung (A-549), Breast (MCF-7), Breast metastatic (MDMAMB-468), Colon (DLD-1) and bronchi metastatic cell (NCIH3-58) that attained at statistically significant levels (p<0.05), inasmuch as it does not show some significant results against colon metastatic (SW620). It can bring a sunny future of plants drugs in lung tumor world.

Author(s) Details:

Priyanka Kumari Panchal,
All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.

Kamal Singh,
Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, University of Delhi, Delhi, India.

Nishi Sharma,
SJD Multispeciality Hospital, Dhanipur, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Amit Kumar Rawat,
Hansraj College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India.

K. P. Kochhar,
All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/COPS-V2/article/view/9174

Pharmacological Profile of Triphala with Respect to Their Chemical Constituents| Chapter 2 | Challenges and Advances in Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 9

 Ayurveda is a usual Indian system of cure which has happened practiced for 3000 age. It gives various alone and combinations of herbal and not organic drugs for various environments. Novel technologies and controlled approaches can make use of specific traditional information and help develop new drugs and/or healing uses as well as vouch for to certain usual practices. Triphala is one of ultimate commonly secondhand ayurvedic preparations. It is used to alleviate a off-course range of diseases.This review uses Ayurvedic texts in addition to scientific connected to the internet databases such as PubMed, GoogleScholar, and ScienceDirect to explore the use of scientific research forms in the ayurvedic formulation Triphala. The following search conditions were used: Triphala, terminalia chebula, terminalia bellerica, Phyllanthus embilica, synthetic constituents, gallic acid, chebulinic acid, microscopic docking. Studies about Triphala and their individual drugs in addition to their active compounds were engaging attention.This formulation has action against syndromes like indigestion to afflictions like cancer. This cure is popular with Indian folk and is secondhand even as an OTC product. There are many research everything being conducted on Triphala and allure therapeutic effect. This expression is rich in a variety of synthetic compounds including Alkaloids, Flavonoids, Steroids, Saponins, Phenols etc. Detailed studies have found presence of Chebulagic acid, Syringic acid, Epicatechin, Chebulinic acid and Gallic acids in it. However, the need to cultivate these works to a adequately usable form for the healing community has not existed met. This review decides that Triphala is a treasure that should be studied further for the benefit of global strength.

Author(s) Details:

K. M. Devasena,
Department of Rasashastra and Bhaishajyakalpana (Pharmaceuticals), Amrita School of Ayurveda, Amrita Vishwavidyapeetham, Amritapuri, Vallikkavu, Kollam-690525, India.

S. Lekshmi Devi,
Department of Rasashastra and Bhaishajyakalpana (Pharmaceuticals), Amrita School of Ayurveda, Amrita Vishwavidyapeetham, Amritapuri, Vallikkavu, Kollam-690525, India.

Arun Mohanan,
Department of Rasashastra and Bhaishajyakalpana (Pharmaceuticals), Amrita School of Ayurveda, Amrita Vishwavidyapeetham, Amritapuri, Vallikkavu, Kollam-690525, India

N. V. Ramesh,
Department of Rasashastra and Bhaishajyakalpana (Pharmaceuticals), Amrita School of Ayurveda, Amrita Vishwavidyapeetham, Amritapuri, Vallikkavu, Kollam-690525, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CAPR-V9/article/view/8671

A Systematic Review on Metabolite Profiling in Anticancer Drug Development| Chapter 3 | Challenges and Advances in Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 5

 

 Drug metabolism is one of the most significant pharmacokinetic processes and is essential to the creation of new medications. Because the metabolites generated may be beneficial for therapy or seriously harmful, it is crucial to examine the metabolite profile. The purpose of this systematic review is to provide an overview of the literature on the metabolite profiles of conventional drugs and compounds derived from herbs used in cancer chemotherapy. It also aims to investigate the factors that affect the metabolite profiles of these drugs and compounds and to establish the relationship between their therapeutic efficacy and toxicity. Up until January 2019, PubMed and ScienceDirect searches were used to conduct the literature review. It was shown that the four main factors of species, gender, medication delivery method, and dosage affected the production of metabolites. Some metabolites have been labelled as being dangerous or active. The development of anticancer medications and cancer treatment both benefit from knowing this knowledge.

Author(s) Details:

Nadda Muhamad,
Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand.

Kesara Na-Bangchang,
Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand. Center of Excellence in Pharmacology and Molecular Biology of Malaria and Cholangiocarcinoma, Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand and Drug Discovery and Development Center, Office of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CAPR-V5/article/view/7771

An Overview on Pharmacological Effects of Few Phytopolyphenols from Dietary and Herbal Origins| Chapter 9 | Challenges and Advances in Pharmaceutical Research Vol.3

The purpose of this chapter is to emphasise phenolic compounds' immunomodulation, antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antiviral effects. In compared to synthetic or chemical medications used today, these phytopolyphenols induce fewer adverse effects and toxicity in human beings, according to several research investigations. These polyphenols were employed as dietary food, plant extracts, or active phytoconstituents compounds. Because of the health advantages, today's world populations are directly or indirectly reliant on polyphenols in the form of dietary or herbal treatments. For the sake of conceivable biological activities in human bodies, the present chapter covered a few types of polyphenols, such as flavonoids, lignans, phenolic acids and their analogues, tannins, quinines, and so on.

Author(s) Details:

Bharti Ahirwar,
Department of Pharmacy, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur (C.G.)- 495009, India.

Dheeraj K. Ahirwar,
School of Pharmacy, Chouksey Engineering College, Bilaspur (C.G.)- 495001, India.

S. K. Lanjhiyana,
Department of Pharmacy, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur (C.G.)- 495009, India.

Sanmati K. Jain,
Department of Pharmacy, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur (C.G.)- 495009, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CAPRV-3/article/view/6949

Nanoparticles as a Delivery System for Conventional drugs and Herb-Derived Compounds for Cancer Therapy| Chapter 8 | Challenges and Advances in Pharmaceutical Research Vol.3

The purpose of this paper is to look at how pharmacokinetic studies of nanoparticles loaded in conventional pharmaceuticals and herb-derived chemicals can be used to treat cancer. The pharmacokinetic features of many herbal medicines and chemotherapeutic drugs integrated into nanoparticles were studied. The AUC of the plasma concentration-time profile, the maximum plasma concentration (Cmax), the time to maximum plasma concentration (Tmax), the volume of distribution (Vd or Vss), the elimination half-life (t 12), and clearance were all included (CL). Until February 2019, the systematic review was conducted utilising the PubMed and Science Direct databases. According to this systematic study, polymeric nanoparticles were the most extensively used nanocarrier to enhance pharmacokinetic properties. As a revolutionary drug delivery technique, nanoparticles have the potential to enhance the pharmacokinetics and cytotoxicity of loaded drugs/herb-derived substances for cancer treatment.

Author(s) Details:

Abdifetah Ibrahim Omar,
Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand and Center of Excellence in Pharmacology and Molecular Biology of Malaria and Cholangiocarcinoma, Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand.

Nadda Muhamad,
Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand and Center of Excellence in Pharmacology and Molecular Biology of Malaria and Cholangiocarcinoma, Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand.

Tullayakorn Plengsuriyakarn,
Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand and Center of Excellence in Pharmacology and Molecular Biology of Malaria and Cholangiocarcinoma, Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand.

Kesara Na-Bangchang,
Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand and Center of Excellence in Pharmacology and Molecular Biology of Malaria and Cholangiocarcinoma, Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand and Drug Discovery Center, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CAPRV-3/article/view/6948

Determination of Phytochemical Profile and Anti-Oxidation Activity of Annona Fruit and its Effect on Lymphoma Cell Proliferation| Chapter 5 | Challenges and Advances in Pharmaceutical Research Vol.1

 A high intake of some vegetables and fruits has been linked to a lower risk of cancer. We predicted that Annona fruit, which is high in fibres and phytochemicals with anti-cancer effects, could be useful in slowing lymphoma growth. The goal of this research was to extract the anticancer activity using a suitable solvent and analyse the phenolic content and antioxidation activity of the plants. Water, methanol, and chloroform solvents were used to extract the Annona fruit fractions. The total phenolic, flavonoids, and tannin content, anti-oxidation properties, and inhibition of in vitro cell proliferation using Ramos-1 lymphoma cells were all measured in each fraction. The phenolics, flavonoids, tannins, and anti-oxidation activity were highest in the methanol fractions. Although methanol extracts of skin, pulp, and seeds had a moderate influence on Ramos-1 cell growth, chloroform extracts of pulp and seeds had a substantial effect. Annona fruits may be useful in the prevention or treatment of lymphoma, according to our findings.

Author(s) Details:

Huda Mohammed Al-Shaya,
Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Department of Crop, Soil, & Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 7270, US and Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Haiwen Li,
Food Chemistry and Nutrition Science Research Laboratory, Virginia State University, Petersburg, VA 23806, USA.

Obaid U. Beg,
Food Chemistry and Nutrition Science Research Laboratory, Virginia State University, Petersburg, VA 23806, USA.


Anwar A. Hamama,
Common Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Station, College of Agriculture, Virginia State University, Petersburg, VA 23806, USA.

Sarah Melissa Witiak,
Department of Biology, College of Natural and Health Sciences, Virginia State University, Petersburg, VA 23806, USA.


Paul Kaseloo,
Department of Biology, College of Natural and Health Sciences, Virginia State University, Petersburg, VA 23806, USA.


Rafat A. Siddiqui,
Food Chemistry and Nutrition Science Research Laboratory, Virginia State University, Petersburg, VA 23806, USA.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CAPR-V1/article/view/6236

Imidazo [2, 1-b][1,3,4] Thiadiazoles as Murine Leukemia Cell Inhibitors: Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship (Qsar) Study| Chapter 3 | New Innovations in Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol.7

 On imidazo[2,1-b][1,3,4]thaidiazole compounds, a structure-activity relationship investigation was conducted. It reveals that substituting the –CHO group with Coumarin produces more active molecules than substituting the H, Br, or SCN group with an aryl group. The goal of this work is to create a quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR) between the physicochemical attributes of the selected series and the inhibitory activity of murine leukaemia cells. The descriptors partition coefficient (PC), cluster count (ClsC), and primary moment of inertia about the X-axis were shown to have a high connection with Murine leukemic cell inhibitory action in this investigation (PMI-X). The squared correlation coefficient (r2), cross validated correlation coefficient (q2), and predictive correlation coefficient (pred r2) of the most significant model were determined to be 0.72, 0.56, and 0.72, respectively. The negative coefficient value for partition coefficient and primary moment of inertia indicates that a lower value results in improved inhibitory activity in murine leukaemia cells, whereas a higher value results in a decrease in activity. A positive Cluster count coefficient value suggests that a greater value corresponds to more biological activity, whereas a lower value corresponds to decreased activity. The active chemicals' toxicity and molecular characteristics were also calculated. It implies that –SCN derivatives are poisonous (5d, 5i). Toxicity was not found in compounds 2d, 3i, 4c, or 4i. Compound 2d had the highest Druglikeness (5.11) and Drug Score (0.76), while having a lower pIC50. Druglikeness and Drug Score for the most active molecule 4i were 4.34 and 0.67, respectively.

Author(s) Details:

Sanmati K. Jain,
Drug Discovery and Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Bilaspur (C.G), 495009, India.

Vikash Kumar,
Drug Discovery and Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Bilaspur (C.G), 495009, India.

Piyush Ghode,
Drug Discovery and Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Bilaspur (C.G), 495009, India.

Ajay K. Gupta,
Drug Discovery and Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Bilaspur (C.G), 495009, India.

Sanjay K. Lanjhiyana,
Drug Discovery and Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Bilaspur (C.G), 495009, India.

B. G. V. S. Jagan,
Drug Discovery and Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Bilaspur (C.G), 495009, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NICB-V7/article/view/5919

Biomedical Applications of Some Schiff Base Metal Complexes Containing Imidazole/Thiophene Derivatives | Chapter 5 | Current Advances in Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol. 9

 Schiff base was produced by condensing imidazole-2-carboxaldehyde with 2-amino-3-carboxyethyl-4,5-dimethyl thiophene in a 1:1 molar ratio. Schiff base complexes of CoII, NiII, CuII, and ZnII were produced and studied. Magnetic and electronic spectrum data were used to propose the complexes' shape. The thermal stability of the compounds was determined using thermal analysis. The fluorescence spectral study of the Schiff base and its CuII complex in various solvents was examined. The grain size was determined using powder XRD measurements. The surface morphology of the complexes is depicted in SEM pictures. The antibacterial and antifungal activity were tested using Kirby-disk Bauer's diffusion method. MTT assay was used to conduct in vitro anticancer investigations on a human cervical carcinoma cell line.

Author (s) Details

Dr. Sonia Mol Joseph
Department of Chemistry, Mar Ivanios College (Autonomous), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala – 695 015, India.

R. Selwin Joseyphus
Department of Chemistry, Mar Ivanios College (Autonomous), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala – 695 015, India.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/CACB-V9/article/view/2196

Recent Advances on Natural Product Inspired Design and Synthesis of Medicinally Active Heterocycles | Book Publisher International

 Mother nature is a key source of treatment for practically all diseases, as well as inspiration for synthetic and medicinal chemists to explore new chemical spaces. Natural molecules have proven to play an important function in medicine and chemotherapy. These natural chemicals have gradually encouraged synthetic chemists to change natural product molecules in desired ways in order to incorporate medicinal potential. Natural product inspired synthesis is the result of this trend of modifying natural molecules in desirable ways. The proven importance of natural molecules and natural product inspired synthesis prompted us to write this book, which includes a comprehensive list of natural product derived molecules, extensive synthetic methodologies, and biological potential against various targets. The tiny synthetic compounds have been narrowed down and classified based on their biological activity and targets. Anticancer, antidiabetic, antifungal, antibacterial, antitubercular, antileishmanial, and other activities were included in the study. The pathway for derivatization of various pharmacophoric nuclei selected from bioactive natural compounds has been investigated. The molecule's detailed synthesis methodology is presented in an easy-to-understand format, allowing the structure and activity of the molecule to be linked to specific targets.

Author(s) Detailts

Vishwa Deepak Tripathi
Department of Chemistry, M. K. College Laheriasarai, Lalit Narayan Mithila University, Darbhanga, Bihar, India.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/RANPIDSMAH/article/view/1892