Synergistic Interactions of Atractylodes lancea Rhizome Compounds in the Treatment of Cholangiocarcinoma | Chapter 7 | Contemporary Research and Perspectives in Biological Science Vol. 3

 

Background: Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA)is the primary type of bile duct cancer with high morbidity and mortality, particularly in patients with advanced stages. Numerous studies have been carried out in efforts to discover effective cancer chemotherapeutic agents from plant sources with low toxicity. Treatment of CCA remains unsatisfactory due to the lack of sensitive and specific diagnostic tools for early detection and effective chemotherapeutics.

Purpose: The primary purpose of this study is to investigate cytotoxic interactions between the three major constituents of the rhizomes of Atractylodeslancea (Thunb)DC., i.e., β-eudesmol (BE), atractylodin (AT), and hinesol (HS) against CCA cell line. 

Methods: The bioactive constituents of AL rhizome under investigation, ie, BE, AT, HS, and 5-FU were purchased from Wako (Wako Ltd., Osaka, Japan). Cytotoxic activities against the human CCA cells CL-6 of the dual (BE:AT, BE:HS, and AT:HS) and triple (BE:AT:HS) combinations were evaluated using the assay. The cytotoxic interaction of each dual combination was assessed at five concentration ratios (10:0, 7:3, 5:5, 3:7, and 0:10) using isobologram analysis. The fractional inhibitory concentration index of each combination pair (representing combination scores) and the sum FIC of five distinctive ratios were calculated as the ratio of IC50 of the combination and that of each compound alone. For triple combination, the concentration ratio used in the experiment was 1:1.5:2.5(BE:AT:HS), and analysis of the interaction was performed using polygonogram analysis at the IC50 and IC90 concentrations (concentration that inhibits cell growth by 50% and 90%, respectively).

Results: The study was the first that confirmed the cytotoxic synergistic interaction of the three major compounds from AL rhizome on the human CCA cell line CL-6. The BE:AT combination produced the additive effect with a sum FIC (fractional inhibitory concentration) of 0.967±0.02 (mean±SD). The BE:HS and AT:HS combinations produced a synergistic effect with sum FICs of 0.685±0.08 and 0.767±0.09, respectively. The mixture of the three compounds produced synergistic interaction with CI (combination index) values of 0.519±0.10 and 0.65±0.17 (mean±SD) at the IC₅₀ and IC₉₀ concentration levels, respectively. 

Conclusion: The multi-ingredient characteristics of the plant extract would be expected to optimize therapy regarding both efficacy (synergistic anti-CCA activity) and tolerability (buffering effect). Results obtained would guide further development of AL as a potential anti-CCA chemotherapeutics concerning the appropriate pharmaceutical dosage form.

 

Author (s) Details

Pongsakorn Martviset
Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology and Pharmacology of Malaria and Cholangiocarcinoma, Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12121, Thailand and Faculty of Medical Technology, Rangsit University, Pathumthani 12000, Thailand.

 

Kesara Na-Bangchang
Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology and Pharmacology of Malaria and Cholangiocarcinoma, Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12121, Thailand, Graduate Program in Bioclinical Sciences, Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12121, Thailand and Drug Discovery and Development Center, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12121, Thailand.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/crpbs/v3/2408

A Comprehensive Review on The Value of Circulating Tumor DNA in Biliary Tract Cancer: Enhancing Cancer Management and Predicting Patient Outcomes | Chapter 1 | Medicine and Medical Research: New Perspectives Vol. 7

 

Circulating Tumor Cells (CTCs) refer to malignant cells that have separated from the main tumor and disseminated throughout the circulation. Circulating tumor DNA is specifically derived from the tumor and discharged into the bloodstream. Nowadays, scientists are devising instruments and methodologies to capture and detect these malignant cells more precisely and delicately from the blood of individuals with cancer, through the implementation of both physical and immunoaffinity-based methodologies, as well as positive and negative enrichment approaches all through separation. BTC encompasses a wide range of malignant neoplasms that are typically classified according to their anatomic location, including intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, gallbladder cancer, and cancer of the ampulla of Vater. Biliary Tract Cancer (BTC) is a malignant tumor that displays a high degree of ferocity and carries an unfavorable outcome. BTCs are the second most frequent type after Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC). Despite the challenges posed by BTC, there have been significant advances in identifying genetic mutations that can be targeted in affected patients. These breakthroughs have led to the creation of novel targeted therapies, with promising results in recent studies. Utilizing liquid biopsy, a non-intrusive technique for detecting tumor biomarkers from samples can provide valuable assistance in diagnosing and molecularly characterizing the tumor. Liquid biopsy has garnered mounting interest as a potential instrument for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer in recent times. The utilization of ctDNA analysis has the capability of providing timely identification of oncogenic mutations, timely detection, treatment surveillance, and identification of treatment resistance pathways in cancer management. This article presents a comprehensive review of the existing literature on the use of ctDNA in patients with BTC, with an emphasis on the latest innovative methodologies and future prospects for managing this extremely malignant disorder.

 

Author (s) Details

Ajay K. Khanna
Department of General Surgery, Banaras Hindu University, India.

 

Rohit Kumar Singh
Department of General Surgery, Baba Kinaram Autonomous State Medical College, India.

 

Sweta Singh
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Maharshi Devraha Baba Medical College, India.

 

Soumya Khanna
Department of Anatomy, Institute of Medical Sciences, India.

 

S. K. Tiwary
Department of General Surgery, Banaras Hindu University, India.

 

Puneet
Department of General Surgery, Banaras Hindu University, India.

 

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mmrnp/v7/1223

Synergistic Interactions of Atractylodes lancea Rhizome Compounds in the Treatment of Cholangiocarcinoma | Chapter 7 | Contemporary Research and Perspectives in Biological Science Vol. 3

Background: Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA)is the primary type of bile duct cancer with high morbidity and mortality, particularly in patients with advanced stages. Numerous studies have been carried out in efforts to discover effective cancer chemotherapeutic agents from plant sources with low toxicity. Treatment of CCA remains unsatisfactory due to the lack of sensitive and specific diagnostic tools for early detection and effective chemotherapeutics.

Purpose: The primary purpose of this study is to investigate cytotoxic interactions between the three major constituents of the rhizomes of Atractylodeslancea (Thunb)DC., i.e., β-eudesmol (BE), atractylodin (AT), and hinesol (HS) against CCA cell line. 

Methods: The bioactive constituents of AL rhizome under investigation, ie, BE, AT, HS, and 5-FU were purchased from Wako (Wako Ltd., Osaka, Japan). Cytotoxic activities against the human CCA cells CL-6 of the dual (BE:AT, BE:HS, and AT:HS) and triple (BE:AT:HS) combinations were evaluated using the assay. The cytotoxic interaction of each dual combination was assessed at five concentration ratios (10:0, 7:3, 5:5, 3:7, and 0:10) using isobologram analysis. The fractional inhibitory concentration index of each combination pair (representing combination scores) and the sum FIC of five distinctive ratios were calculated as the ratio of IC50 of the combination and that of each compound alone. For triple combination, the concentration ratio used in the experiment was 1:1.5:2.5(BE:AT:HS), and analysis of the interaction was performed using polygonogram analysis at the IC50 and IC90 concentrations (concentration that inhibits cell growth by 50% and 90%, respectively).

Results: The study was the first that confirmed the cytotoxic synergistic interaction of the three major compounds from AL rhizome on the human CCA cell line CL-6. The BE:AT combination produced the additive effect with a sum FIC (fractional inhibitory concentration) of 0.967±0.02 (mean±SD). The BE:HS and AT:HS combinations produced a synergistic effect with sum FICs of 0.685±0.08 and 0.767±0.09, respectively. The mixture of the three compounds produced synergistic interaction with CI (combination index) values of 0.519±0.10 and 0.65±0.17 (mean±SD) at the IC₅₀ and IC₉₀ concentration levels, respectively. 

Conclusion: The multi-ingredient characteristics of the plant extract would be expected to optimize therapy regarding both efficacy (synergistic anti-CCA activity) and tolerability (buffering effect). Results obtained would guide further development of AL as a potential anti-CCA chemotherapeutics concerning the appropriate pharmaceutical dosage form.

 

Author (s) Details

Pongsakorn Martviset
Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology and Pharmacology of Malaria and Cholangiocarcinoma, Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12121, Thailand and Faculty of Medical Technology, Rangsit University, Pathumthani 12000, Thailand.

 

Kesara Na-Bangchang
Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology and Pharmacology of Malaria and Cholangiocarcinoma, Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12121, Thailand, Graduate Program in Bioclinical Sciences, Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12121, Thailand and Drug Discovery and Development Center, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12121, Thailand.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/crpbs/v3/2408

Study of Anti-cholangiocarcinoma and Evaluation of Toxicity of Kaempferia galanga Linn. Rhizome Extract In-vitro as well as In-vivo | Chapter 8 | Achievements and Challenges of Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 1

Background: Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a significant public health problem in many tropical and subtropical parts of the world. Chemotherapy against CCA is mainly ineffective, and the discovery and development of effective chemotherapeutics is urgently needed. This study was conducted to evaluate the safety and anti-CCA activity of ethanolic extract preparation from Kaempferia galangal (K. galanga) Linn.

Methods: The ethanolic extract of K. galanga L. rhizome and the standard anticancer drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) were evaluated for cytotoxic activity in vitro against the CCA cell line CL-6 using MTT cell proliferation assay. An acute toxicity test (single oral administration with 5,000mg/kg body weight) and subacute toxicity test (daily oral dose of 1,000, 3,000 and 5,000 mg/kg body weight for 28 days) were conducted on ICR mice. To evaluate the anti-CCA activities, the extract preparations of K. galanga L. and 5-FU were also administered orally to normal and CCA xenograft-induced BALB/c nude mice.

Results: Mean (SD) inhibitory concentration by 50% (IC₅₀ value) of K. galanga extract and 5-FU against CL-6 in vitro was 64.2 (52.21-89.46) and 107.1 (85.42-122.34) µg/mL, respectively. The results of acute toxicity showed no signs of toxicity. Subacute toxicity study indicated that oral administration of K. galanga extracts up to 1,000 mg/kg did not produce alterations in toxicity (gross appearance and histopathology, hematology and serum biochemistry) in the test groups compared to the control. The ethanolic extract at high (1,000 mg/kg body weight) and medium (500 mg/kg body weight) dose levels and 5-FU showed significant anti-tumor effects concerning tumor volume progression inhibition against xenografts of human CCA growing in nude mice.

Conclusion: K. galanga was safe up to the oral dose of 1,000 mg/kg body weight in mice with significant anti-CCA activity. 

 

Author (s) Details

 

Asmare Amuamuta
Chulabhorn International College of Medicine (CICM), Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thiland.

 

Tullayakorn Plengsuriyakarn
Chulabhorn International College of Medicine (CICM), Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thiland and Thailand Center of Excellence for Drug Discovery and Development (TCEDDD), Thammasat University, 99 Moo 18 Paholyothin Rd., Klongluang, Pathumthani 12121, Thailand.

Kesara Na-Bangchang
Chulabhorn International College of Medicine (CICM), Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thiland and Thailand Center of Excellence for Drug Discovery and Development (TCEDDD), Thammasat University, 99 Moo 18 Paholyothin Rd., Klongluang, Pathumthani 12121, Thailand.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/acmms/v1/2908

Anticancer Activity of Atractylodes lancea (Thunb.) DC. in a Hamster Model and the Use of PET-CT for Early Detection and Monitoring of Cholangiocarcinoma Progression | Chapter 3 | Achievements and Challenges of Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 6

Background: Opisthorchis viverrini (OV)-induced cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a significant public health issue in the Great Mekong region, particularly in Thailand. Current treatment options are limited, and early detection remains challenging, hindering effective management of CCA. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-CCA potential of the ethanolic extract of Atractylodes lancea (Thunb.) DC. and assess the applicability of positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) as a diagnostic and monitoring tool for CCA in an OV/dimethylnitrosamine (DMN)-induced hamster model.

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the anticancer activity of Atractylodes lancea (Thunb.) DC. in an OV/DMN-induced hamster model of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) and to assess the potential of PET-CT for early detection and monitoring the progression of CCA.

Methods: Male Syrian hamsters were used to assess the toxicity and anti-CCA effects of Atractylodes lancea ethanolic extract. CCA was induced in male Syrian hamsters using a combination of OV infection and DMN exposure. The ethanolic extract of A. lancea was administered orally for 30 days. PET-CT imaging using 18F-FDG was conducted every 4 weeks after the initiation of CCA.

Results: The ethanolic extract of A. lancea demonstrated promising anti-CCA activity and a favorable safety profile in the OV/DMN-induced hamster model. PET-CT imaging successfully detected tumor formation and progression, although modifications to the radiolabeling approach are needed to enhance specificity for CCA cells. The median (95% CI) tumor 18F-FDG uptake (percentage of baseline) in CCA-baring and normal control hamsters at weeks 4, 8, 12, and 16 after OV infection were comparable (90 vs 100, 130 vs 140, 170 vs 175, and 200 vs 205 at week 4, 8, 12, and 16 after OV-infection, respectively).

Conclusion: The ethanolic extract of Atractylodes lancea (Thunb.) DC. demonstrates significant potential as a therapeutic agent against cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), showing both potent anticancer activity and a safe profile in the hamster model. Additionally, while PET-CT proves to be a feasible tool for monitoring tumor development and progression, enhancements in radiolabeling techniques are essential to improve the specificity for detecting CCA cells and ensure more accurate early detection and assessment of treatment efficacy. While PET-CT successfully detected tumor development, further optimization of the radiolabeling technique is needed to improve its selectivity for CCA cells.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Tullayakorn Plengsuriyakarn
Center of Excellence in Pharmacology and Molecular Biology of Malaria and Cholangiocarcinoma, Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand.

 

Naoki Matsuda
Division of Radiation Biology and Protection, Radioisotope Center, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.

 

Juntra Karbwang
Department of Clinical Product Development, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.

 

Vithoon Viyanant
Center of Excellence in Pharmacology and Molecular Biology of Malaria and Cholangiocarcinoma, Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand.

 

Kenji Hirayama
Department of Immunogenetics, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.

 

Kesara Na-Bangchang
Center of Excellence in Pharmacology and Molecular Biology of Malaria and Cholangiocarcinoma, Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/acmms/v6/2905

In-vitro and Ex-vivo Modulatory Effects of Atractylodin and β-Eudesmol on Human Cytochrome P450 Enzymes | Chapter 3 | Pharmaceutical Science: New Insights and Developments Vol. 1

Background: Atractylodin and β-eudesmol, the major bioactive compounds in Atractylodes lancea, are promising candidates for anti-cholangiocarcinoma. However, their modulatory effects on cytochrome P450s (CYP450s) remain unclear. 

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the modulatory effects of two bioactive compounds, atractylodin and β-eudesmol, derived from Atractylodes lancea, on human cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYP450s), both in vitro and ex vivo, to assess their potential risks in clinical applications, particularly for anti-cholangiocarcinoma therapy.

Methods: The inhibitory effects of atractylodin and β-eudesmol on recombinant human CYP450 enzymes (rCYP1A2, rCYP2C9, rCYP2C19, rCYP2D6, and rCYP3A4) were evaluated using luminogenic CYP450 kits. For the ex vivo analysis, mice were administered daily oral doses of atractylodin or β-eudesmol (100 mg/kg body weight) for 1, 7, 14, and 21 days. Liver samples were collected at each time point to assess mRNA and protein expression levels of CYP1A2 and CYP3A11 (the mouse equivalent of human CYP3A4) enzymes and their enzyme activities. 

Results: Both atractylodin and β-eudesmol showed weak inhibitory effects on all recombinant CYP450 enzymes compared with the reference inhibitors (IC50 values ranging from 167 µM to >686 µM). However, β-eudesmol was most potent against rCYP2C19 (IC₅₀ = 172.7 µM) and rCYP3A4 (IC50 = 218.6 µM). In the ex vivo study, short-term exposure (1-7 days) to these compounds led to upregulating CYP1A2 and CYP3a11 mRNA, protein expression, and enzyme activity. In contrast, prolonged exposure (≥14 days) resulted in significant downregulation of these markers, which correlated with decreased enzyme activities, particularly CYP1A2 and CYP3a11.

Clinical Implications: These findings highlight potential clinical concerns for using atractylodin and β-eudesmol in treating cholangiocarcinoma, especially with prolonged dosing. Chronic exposure to these compounds may inhibit CYP3A4 activity, leading to potential toxicity and metabolic interactions with coadministered drugs that rely on CYP3A4 for metabolism. Caution is advised when using these compounds in combination therapies.

Conclusion: While atractylodin and β-eudesmol show promise as anti-cholangiocarcinoma agents, their chronic use may pose risks due to CYP3A4 inhibition and potential drug interactions. Further studies are needed to evaluate their safety profile and therapeutic window in clinical settings.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Artitaya Thiengsusuk
Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand.

 

Tullayakorn Plengsuriyakarn
Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand and Center of Excellence in Pharmacology and Molecular Biology of Malaria and Cholangiocarcinoma, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand.

 

Kesara Na-Bangchang
Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand, Center of Excellence in Pharmacology and Molecular Biology of Malaria and Cholangiocarcinoma, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand and Drug Discovery and Development Center, Office of Advanced Science and Technology, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/psnid/v1/3509

Herbal Approaches to Cholangiocarcinoma: A Systematic Review | Chapter 2 | Advanced Concepts in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 11

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a diseased bile pipe cancer of epithelial containers with high depression and mortality. The increasing incidence of cholangiocarcinoma (hostility duct tumor) and limited treatment alternatives stimulate a urgent demand for research and the development of new chemotherapeutics against cholangiocarcinoma. This phase highlights the act of herbal cure in Cholangiocarcinoma control by using a systematic review approach. This study still aimed to orderly review herbs and herb-derivative compounds or herbal formulations that have existed investigated for their anti-cholangiocarcinoma potential. Orderly literature searches were attended in three electronic databases: PubMed, Skill Direct, and Scopus. The studies were initially secluded by titles and abstracts to exclude immaterial articles and duplication. Individual hundred and twenty-three research articles completed the eligibility tests and were included in the study (68 herbs, isolated compounds and/or artificial analogs, 9 herbal formulations, and 119 compounds that are commonly in the direction of several plant variety). The most examined herb was Atractylodes lancea (Thunb.) DC. (Compositae) and Curcuma longa L. (Zingiberaceae). Only A. lancea (Thunb.) DC. (Compositae) has sustained the full process of nonclinical and clinical evolve- ment to deliver the things produced for clinical use. The extracts of A. lancea (Thunb.) DC. (Compositae), Garcinia hanburyi Hook.f. (Clusiaceae), and Piper nigrum L. (Piperaceae) exhibit antiproliferative actions against human cholangiocarcinoma cells (IC50 < 15 µg/mL). Cucurbitacin B and triptolide are herbaceous isolated compounds that exhibit ultimate promising activities (IC50 < 1 µM). A order of experimental studies (artificial, in vivo, and humans) rooted the anti-cholangiocarcinoma potential and security profile of A. lancea (Thunb.) DC. (Compositae) and its alive compounds atractylodin and β- eudesmol, including the capsule drug of the standardized A. lancea (Thunb.) DC. (Compositae) extract. Future research endure focus on the complete development of the bidder herbs to deliver safe and productive products for cholangiocarcinoma control.Future research endure be geared toward the filled development of the applicant herbs until the delivery of ending products that are dependable and effective for CCA control.

Author(s) Details:

Kesara Na-Bangchang,
Center of Excellence in Pharmacology and Molecular Biology of Malaria and Cholangiocarcinoma, Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University (Rangsit Campus), Klongneung, Klongluang District, Pathumthani, Thailand and Drug Discovery and Development Center, Office of Advanced Science and Technology, Thammasat University (Rangsit Campus), Klongneung, Klongluang District, Pathumthani, Thailand.

Tullayakorn Plengsuriyakarn,
Center of Excellence in Pharmacology and Molecular Biology of Malaria and Cholangiocarcinoma, Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University (Rangsit Campus), Klongneung, Klongluang District, Pathumthani, Thailand.

Juntra Karbwang,
Drug Discovery and Development Center, Office of Advanced Science and Technology, Thammasat University (Rangsit Campus), Klongneung, Klongluang District, Pathumthani, Thailand.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ACMMR-V11/article/view/12885

Signaling Pathways and Molecular Targets in Cholangiocarcinoma | Chapter 2 | Current Innovations in Disease and Health Research Vol. 5

 Background: The item systematically reviewed existent knowledge on the ancestral basis of CCA, molecular goals/signaling pathways involved in the pathogenesis, ailment progression and forecast, including potential targets for target therapies of CCA. Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is the second most frequent hepatobiliary cancer following in position or time hepatocellular carcinoma accompanying a poor prognosis and limited situation options.Methods: The systematic review was acted in compliance accompanying PRISMA guidelines. A systematic search in PubMed and Science Direct databases was acted using the following keywords: “cholangiocarcinoma”, AND “molecular mark” AND/OR “signaling road”, AND/OR “targeted therapy”, AND/OR “tumor chemotherapy.”  The eligibility tests included: i) brimming-text articles written in English, ii) articles accompanying in vitro and/or in vivo and/or clinical studies of microscopic targets/signaling pathways had connection with CCA pathogenesis/disease progress/prognosis and/or targeted medicine. Seventy-three studies that fulfilled the eligibility tests were finally contained in the final data combining.Results: A total of 833 relevant articles written up to April 2022 were labeled and 73 studies that fulfilled the eligibility tests were finally included in the reasoning. The molecular biomarkers and drugs guide signalling pathways were reported. Recent research has directed on targeting the apoptotic and cell increase pathways and the angiogenesis and metastasis pathways. More work focused on testing the efficiency of combination therapies against tumor cells, particularly CCA. The PI3K (Phosphoinositide 3-kinases)/ERK/Akt (AKT serine/threonine kinase 1)/mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) indicating pathway and HER2 (Human epidermal growth determinant receptor 2) and EGFR (Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor) pathways are the most potential marks for CCA therapy.Conclusion: The information got could be exploited for further incident of diagnostic forms for early diagnosis of CCA and effective CCA-target therapies.

Author(s) Details:

Kesara Na-Bangchang,
Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Rangsit Center, Klong Luang, Pathum Thani-12120, Thailand and Center of Excellence in Pharmacology and Molecular Biology of Malaria and Cholangiocarcinoma, Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Rangsit Center, Klong Luang, Pathum Thani-12120, Thailand and Drug Discovery and Development Center, Thammasat University, Rangsit Center, Klong Luang, Pathum Thani-12120, Thailand.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CIDHR-V5/article/view/11583

Alpha-mangostin-loaded PLGA Nanoparticles for Cholangiocarcinoma | Chapter 1 | Current Innovations in Disease and Health Research Vol. 1

 The present study proposed to formulate and typify the AM-loaded PLGA nanoparticles (AM-PLGA-NPs) and further evaluated their antiproliferative and proapoptotic endeavors, including inhibitory actions on CCA cell invasion and migra-tion. Alpha-mangostin, a instinctive xanthone mainly culled from the pericarp of Garcinia mangostana, has existed shown to have promising anticancer features in many types of cancer. PLGA MW 7,000-17,000 and 38,000-54,000 were used to create the AM-PLGA-NPs using the fit displacement method. Physical (piece size and makeup, polydispersity index, and zeta potential) and pharmaceutical (encapsulation efficiency, stowing efficiency, and drug release description) parameters were evaluated for the optimised AM-PLGA-NPs. . The morphology of the AM-PLGA-NPs and PLGA-NPs were examined under a broadcast electron microscope (TEM). The MTT assay, flow-cytometry, QCM ECMatrix container migration and container invasion assays were used to evaluate antiproliferative and proapoptotic endeavors, including inhibitory actions on CCA cell (CL-6 and HuCCT-1) invasion and movement, respectively. The inhibitory actions of AM-PLGA-NPs on the migration and attack of both CCA cell lines were aggregation- and time-reliant, while no inhibitory effect was found accompanying OUMS-36T-1F cells. AM-PLGA-NPs showed comparably potent and discriminating antiproliferative and proapoptotic activities in both CCA container lines in a concentration- and opportunity-dependent tone. Results revealed that PLGA nanoparticles could be a appropriate nanocarrier to encapsulate AM for allure delivery to CCA containers. The underlying molecular methods of AM-PLGA-NPs involved in these endeavors should be further investigated.

Author(s) Details:

Kesara Na-Bangchang,
Center of Excellence in Pharmacology and Molecular Biology of Malaria and Cholangiocarcinoma, Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University (Rangsit Campus), Klongneung, Klongluang District, Pathumthani, Thailand and Drug Discovery and Development Center, Office of Advanced Science and Technology, Thammasat University (Rangsit Campus), Klongneung, Klongluang District, Pathumthani, Thailand.

Tullayakorn Plengsuriyakarn,
Center of Excellence in Pharmacology and Molecular Biology of Malaria and Cholangiocarcinoma, Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University (Rangsit Campus), Klongneung, Klongluang District, Pathumthani, Thailand.

Chuda Chittasupho,
Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Thailand.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CIDHR-V1/article/view/11057

Immunomodulatory Activities of Atractylodes lancea (Thunb.) DC | Chapter 5 | Current Practice in Medical Science Vol. 7

 

 In vitro and In vivo research have shown that Atractylodes lancea (Thunb) DC. (AL) and its bioactive parts - eudesmol and atractylodin could be utilized to treat cholangiocarcinoma. The review meant to assess the immunomodulatory action of AL in human subjects. The modulatory impacts of AL and -eudesmol and atractylodin on TNFα and IL6 articulation in PBMCs were estimated utilizing continuous PCR. Blood tests were taken from 48 sound subjects after they were given a solitary or various dosages of the normalized AL remove case definition or a fake treatment. Serum cytokine profiles, lymphocyte subpopulations (B lymphocytes, CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes, CD4+ T-partner lymphocytes, and NK cells), and cytotoxic action of PBMCs against the cholangiocarcinoma cell line CL-6 were assessed utilizing cytometric dab exhibit (CBA) with stream cytometry examination. AL separate at practically all focuses essentially hindered both TNFα and IL6 articulation in Con A-interceded irritation in PBMCs. Just IL6 articulation was altogether decreased by β-Eudesmol at all dosages. At the most reduced portion, atractylodin impressively diminished the statement of the two cytokines, though at the most elevated fixation, just IL6 articulation was altogether restrained. The organization of AL at a solitary oral portion of 1,000 mg seemed to diminish IFN and IL10 and increment B cells, while fundamentally expanding NK and CD4+ and CD8+ cells. At 24 hours after measurements, there was a pattern of expanding cytotoxic action of PBMCs (comparative with fake treatment). At 24 hours after measurement, AL at progressive portions of 1,000 mg for 21 days would in general decrease the creation of all cytokines while fundamentally stifling IL17A creation. By 24 hours, there was a pattern of expanded cytotoxic action in PBMCs, yet this pattern halted at 48 hours. The discoveries support AL's immunomodulatory properties in people. This action, along with AL's immediate impact in setting off apoptosis in cholangiocarcinoma cells, suggests that it could play a part in CCA guideline.

Author(s) Details:

Inthuon Kulma,
Graduate Program in Bioclinical Sciences, Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University (Rangsit Campus), Pathumthani 12121, Thailand and Center of Excellence in Pharmacology and Molecular Biology of Malaria and Cholangiocarcinoma, Thammasat University (Rangsit Campus), Pathumthani 12121, Thailand.

Luxsana Panrit,
Drug Discovery and Development Center, Office of Advanced Science and Technology, Thammasat University (Rangsit Campus), Pathumthani 12121, Thailand.

Tullayakorn Plengsuriyakarn,
Graduate Program in Bioclinical Sciences, Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University (Rangsit Campus), Pathumthani 12121, Thailand and Center of Excellence in Pharmacology and Molecular Biology of Malaria and Cholangiocarcinoma, Thammasat University (Rangsit Campus), Pathumthani 12121, Thailand.

Wanna Chaijaroenkul,
Graduate Program in Bioclinical Sciences, Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University (Rangsit Campus), Pathumthani 12121, Thailand and Center of Excellence in Pharmacology and Molecular Biology of Malaria and Cholangiocarcinoma, Thammasat University (Rangsit Campus), Pathumthani 12121, Thailand.

Siriprapa Warathumpitak,
Graduate Program in Bioclinical Sciences, Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University (Rangsit Campus), Pathumthani 12121, Thailand and  Center of Excellence in Pharmacology and Molecular Biology of Malaria and Cholangiocarcinoma, Thammasat University (Rangsit Campus), Pathumthani 12121, Thailand.

Kesara Na-Bangchang,
Graduate Program in Bioclinical Sciences, Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University (Rangsit Campus), Pathumthani 12121, Thailand and Center of Excellence in Pharmacology and Molecular Biology of Malaria and Cholangiocarcinoma, Thammasat University (Rangsit Campus), Pathumthani 12121, Thailand and  Drug Discovery and Development Center, Office of Advanced Science and Technology, Thammasat University (Rangsit Campus), Pathumthani 12121, Thailand.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CPMS-V7/article/view/7836   

Notch Signaling in the Pathogenesis, Progression and Identification of Potential Targets for Cholangiocarcinoma: A Systematic Review | Chapter 9 | Current Practice in Medical Science Vol. 2

Due to inadequate and delayed treatment, cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), an aggressive bile duct cancer, has a significant fatality rate. In order to understand the relationship between Notch signalling and CCA in aetiology, progression, and prospective molecular targets for CCA regulation, a comprehensive review of the literature was conducted. Using the search phrases "cholangiocarcinoma" AND "Notch signalling," the data from the three databases (PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Scopus). Out of 90 papers that met the qualifying requirements, 28 were included in the analysis. CCA formation and progression are activated by the overexpression/increase of Notch ligands, such as Jagged1 and Notch receptor (Notch1, Notch2, and Notch3), as well as by the upregulation of the downstream Notch signalling. A potential strategy for halting CCA development and progression appears to be the downregulation of Notch1 signalling by a number of treatments. The Notch signalling pathway should be investigated through CCA control as a potential target.

Author(s) Details:

Peeranate Vanaroj,

Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Paholyothin Road, Klonglung, Pathumthani, Thailand.

Wanna Chaijaroenkul,

Chulabhorn International College of Medicine and Center of Excellence in Pharmacology and Molecular Biology of Malaria and Cholangiocarcinoma, Thammasat University, Paholyothin Road, Klonglung, Pathumthani Thailand.

Kesara Na-Bangchang,

Chulabhorn International College of Medicine and Center of Excellence in Pharmacology and Molecular Biology of Malaria and Cholangiocarcinoma, Thammasat University, Paholyothin Road, Klonglung, Pathumthani Thailand.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CPMS-V2/article/view/7348