A Comprehensive Review on The Value of Circulating Tumor DNA in Biliary Tract Cancer: Enhancing Cancer Management and Predicting Patient Outcomes | Chapter 1 | Medicine and Medical Research: New Perspectives Vol. 7

 

Circulating Tumor Cells (CTCs) refer to malignant cells that have separated from the main tumor and disseminated throughout the circulation. Circulating tumor DNA is specifically derived from the tumor and discharged into the bloodstream. Nowadays, scientists are devising instruments and methodologies to capture and detect these malignant cells more precisely and delicately from the blood of individuals with cancer, through the implementation of both physical and immunoaffinity-based methodologies, as well as positive and negative enrichment approaches all through separation. BTC encompasses a wide range of malignant neoplasms that are typically classified according to their anatomic location, including intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, gallbladder cancer, and cancer of the ampulla of Vater. Biliary Tract Cancer (BTC) is a malignant tumor that displays a high degree of ferocity and carries an unfavorable outcome. BTCs are the second most frequent type after Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC). Despite the challenges posed by BTC, there have been significant advances in identifying genetic mutations that can be targeted in affected patients. These breakthroughs have led to the creation of novel targeted therapies, with promising results in recent studies. Utilizing liquid biopsy, a non-intrusive technique for detecting tumor biomarkers from samples can provide valuable assistance in diagnosing and molecularly characterizing the tumor. Liquid biopsy has garnered mounting interest as a potential instrument for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer in recent times. The utilization of ctDNA analysis has the capability of providing timely identification of oncogenic mutations, timely detection, treatment surveillance, and identification of treatment resistance pathways in cancer management. This article presents a comprehensive review of the existing literature on the use of ctDNA in patients with BTC, with an emphasis on the latest innovative methodologies and future prospects for managing this extremely malignant disorder.

 

Author (s) Details

Ajay K. Khanna
Department of General Surgery, Banaras Hindu University, India.

 

Rohit Kumar Singh
Department of General Surgery, Baba Kinaram Autonomous State Medical College, India.

 

Sweta Singh
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Maharshi Devraha Baba Medical College, India.

 

Soumya Khanna
Department of Anatomy, Institute of Medical Sciences, India.

 

S. K. Tiwary
Department of General Surgery, Banaras Hindu University, India.

 

Puneet
Department of General Surgery, Banaras Hindu University, India.

 

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mmrnp/v7/1223

Circulating Tumor Cells: A New Avenue for Clinical Management of Cervical Cancer | Chapter 6 | Socio-Scientific Interaction in Diabetes and Cancer and Its Management

 Despite successful vaccination and cytological screening protocols, metastatic cervical cancer (CaCx) remains a significant health concern for women in low-resource countries. This is primarily due to the fact that the disease is often detected at advanced stages. The prognosis of metastatic CaCx, regardless of the geographical distribution, continues to be poor despite improvements in prevention, diagnosis, and treatment techniques. Unlike other malignancies, definite malignancy-specific markers for CaCx progression that could predict the treatment outcome do not exist. Recent developments suggest that circulating tumor cells (CTCs) possess stem cell properties and are important candidates to monitor the metastatic process. They offer a real-time opportunity to identify the stage of carcinogenic progression and subsequently classify patients accordingly. The potential of CTCs to predict minimum residual disease and chances of recurrence renders them as potential prognostic candidate. In the past decade, a number of studies have established the clinical correlation of CTCs with prognosis and diagnosis of various malignancies. A few studies based on detection and analysis of CTCs in CaCx have offered valuable information about the likelihood of local or distant relapses and progression-free survival. The present chapter provides a brief overview of biology of CTCs and existing label-dependent and label-free methods for their detection. The article emphasizes recent advancements and the development of CTCs as a clinico-pathological factor in CaCx. Lastly, it discusses the successes, challenges, and future prospects associated with CTCs for the clinical management of metastatic CaCx.

Author(s) Details:

Divya Janjua,
Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi (North Campus), New Delhi, India.

Apoorva Chaudhary,
Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi (North Campus), New Delhi, India.

Nikita Aggarwal,
Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi (North Campus), New Delhi, India.

Arun Chhokar,
Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi (North Campus), New Delhi, India and Department of Zoology, Deshbandhu College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India.

Joni Yadav,
Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi (North Campus), New Delhi, India.

Tanya Tripathi,
Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi (North Campus), New Delhi, India.

Udit Joshi,
Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi (North Campus), New Delhi, India.

Alok Chandra Bharti,
Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi (North Campus), New Delhi, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/SSIDCIM/article/view/12724