Genetic Alterations in H. pylori Infected Gastric Cancer Patients | Chapter 9 | Advancement and New Understanding in Medical Science Vol. 5

Background: Gastric cancer has always been one of the most prevalent causes of cancer-related death and continues to be a major public health issue. Gene alterations are required for the development of gastric cancer, which are influenced by environmental and host factors.

Aim: This study aimed to explore the status of alteration of the three genes-P53, HER2, and hMlH1 in gastric adenocarcinoa and to find out their association with H. pylori infection and clinicopathological factors of the operated patients.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. Endoscopically biopsied and histopathologically confirmed as adenocarcinoma stomach patients were admitted for surgical intervention in the department of Surgical Oncology in National Institute of Cancer Research and Hospital Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh. For genetic (P53 and hMLH1) study of the gastrectomized tissue DNA extraction and optimization, we performed PCR amplification and DNA sequencing. HER2 was studied by immunochemical technique. The results were matched with tumor status, age and sex, smoking, and H. pylori antibody status of the patients to find their association.

Results: The mean age of the patients was 52.91 (±13.94) years. Among the 45 patients selected for genetic tests, 12 aged 40 or more and 33 aged over 40. Among the genes, 33(73.3%) in P53 and 17(37.7%) in hMLH1 were mutated and 11(24.2%) in HER2 were found to be overexpressed. Chi square and regression analysis showed that they all had associations with H. pylori positivity (P < 0.05, odds ratio >1). hMLH1 was associated with the location of the tumor, smoking, sex, blood group, and age, and P53 was found to be affected by extra salt intake, sex, blood group, and age of the patients (P ≤  0.05). This study explored the relationship of H. pylori infection with the genetic changes in cancer patients, which would be a milestone in the cancer research in this country.

Conclusion: Genetic mutation was found in nearly all the patients with gastric cancer, which was significantly associated with H. pylori infection. Mass eradication of this organism might play a role in reducing cancer incidence in Bangladesh.

Author(s) Details:

M. Mizanur Rahman,
National Institute of Cancer Research and Hospital, Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Gazi Nurun Nahar Sultana,
Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research, Centre for Advanced Research in Sciences (CARS), University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Mohammed Abu Kawsar Sarker,
Department of General and Colorectal Surgery, Furness General Hospital, University Hospitals of Morecamb NHS Trust, Barrow-in-Furness, Lancaster, U.K.

Md. Monoar Hossain,
Department of Surgical Oncology, Khulna Medical College, Khulna, Bangladesh.

Mohd. Sahajadul Alam,
National Institute of Cancer Research and Hospital, Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Md. Anisur Rahman,
Department of Gastroenterology, Popular Medical College Hospital, Dhanmondi, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Abdul Ahad,
Department of Gastroenterology, Khulna Medical College, Khulna, Bangladesh.

Md. Monzurul Islam,
National Institute of Cancer Research and Hospital, Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Rokeya Begum,
Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research, Centre for Advanced Research in Sciences (CARS), University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ANUMS-V5/article/view/13309

Signaling Pathways and Molecular Targets in Cholangiocarcinoma | Chapter 2 | Current Innovations in Disease and Health Research Vol. 5

 Background: The item systematically reviewed existent knowledge on the ancestral basis of CCA, molecular goals/signaling pathways involved in the pathogenesis, ailment progression and forecast, including potential targets for target therapies of CCA. Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is the second most frequent hepatobiliary cancer following in position or time hepatocellular carcinoma accompanying a poor prognosis and limited situation options.Methods: The systematic review was acted in compliance accompanying PRISMA guidelines. A systematic search in PubMed and Science Direct databases was acted using the following keywords: “cholangiocarcinoma”, AND “molecular mark” AND/OR “signaling road”, AND/OR “targeted therapy”, AND/OR “tumor chemotherapy.”  The eligibility tests included: i) brimming-text articles written in English, ii) articles accompanying in vitro and/or in vivo and/or clinical studies of microscopic targets/signaling pathways had connection with CCA pathogenesis/disease progress/prognosis and/or targeted medicine. Seventy-three studies that fulfilled the eligibility tests were finally contained in the final data combining.Results: A total of 833 relevant articles written up to April 2022 were labeled and 73 studies that fulfilled the eligibility tests were finally included in the reasoning. The molecular biomarkers and drugs guide signalling pathways were reported. Recent research has directed on targeting the apoptotic and cell increase pathways and the angiogenesis and metastasis pathways. More work focused on testing the efficiency of combination therapies against tumor cells, particularly CCA. The PI3K (Phosphoinositide 3-kinases)/ERK/Akt (AKT serine/threonine kinase 1)/mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) indicating pathway and HER2 (Human epidermal growth determinant receptor 2) and EGFR (Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor) pathways are the most potential marks for CCA therapy.Conclusion: The information got could be exploited for further incident of diagnostic forms for early diagnosis of CCA and effective CCA-target therapies.

Author(s) Details:

Kesara Na-Bangchang,
Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Rangsit Center, Klong Luang, Pathum Thani-12120, Thailand and Center of Excellence in Pharmacology and Molecular Biology of Malaria and Cholangiocarcinoma, Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Rangsit Center, Klong Luang, Pathum Thani-12120, Thailand and Drug Discovery and Development Center, Thammasat University, Rangsit Center, Klong Luang, Pathum Thani-12120, Thailand.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CIDHR-V5/article/view/11583

Breast Cancer: Immunohistochemical and Molecular Study of the HER-2 Oncoprotein in Congolese Women | Chapter 12 | New Horizons in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 5

 Breast cancer is a complex illness with a variety of morphological and molecular traits that influence treatment response.

The goal of this study was to look at the overexpression of HER2 in breast cancer in women in the Republic of Congo using immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR.

Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted during an 8-month period. At the University Hospital of Brazzaville, 25 paraffin biopsies were obtained from breast cancer patients. The disease was studied from an epidemiological, clinical, histological, immunohistochemical, and molecular perspective.

The patients were 49.64 13.20 years old on average (31-80 years). The tumour was correctly localised in 60% of the patients. 76 percent of the patients had invasive nonspecific type carcinoma. The most common stage was T4b N1a M0, which accounted for 56 percent of the study participants. SBR histopronostic grade 1 was seen in 60% of patients. Positive oestrogen and progesterone receptors were found in 45 and 60 percent of people, respectively. In 12 percent (3/25) of the 25 patients evaluated for IHC, the HER2 oncoprotein was positive. The luminal group was in the majority with 32 percent. In 60 percent (15/25) of patients, RT-PCR analysis of the HER2 gene revealed overexpression, three of which were already positive for IHC. The "AmoyDx® HER2 Mutation Detection Kit" found 12 mutations, ten of which included exon 20, accounting for 83.33 percent of cases, and two of which involved exon 19, accounting for 16.67 percent of cases. The association of HER2 gene overexpression revealed a statistically significant difference between the two methods, p0.00003.

Conclusion: HER2 is a prospective therapeutic target in breast cancer since it is a prognostic and predictive sign. IHC highlighting, on the other hand, is time-consuming and prone to false negatives. As a result, molecular analysis may play a crucial role in decision-making when it comes to introducing targeted breast cancer medicines in Congo.

Author(S) Details

Anicet Luc Magloire Boumba
Faculté des Sciences de la Santé, Université Marien Ngouabi, BP : 69, Brazzaville, Congo and Zone de recherche de Pointe-Noire, Institut National de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSSA), Congo and Laboratoire d’Analyses Médicales et Morphologiques, Hôspital Général de Loandjili de Pointe-Noire (HGL), Congo.

Fabien Gaël Mouamaba
Faculté des Sciences de la Santé, Université Marien Ngouabi, BP : 69, Brazzaville, Congo and Service Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Centre Hospitalier et Universitaire de Brazzaville (CHUB), Congo.

Sidney Frousse Christian Ngatali
Faculté des Sciences de la Santé, Université Marien Ngouabi, BP : 69, Brazzaville, Congo and Laboratoire d’Analyses Médicales et Morphologiques, Hôspital Général de Loandjili de Pointe-Noire (HGL), Congo.

Dimitry Moudiongui Mboungou Malanda
Faculté des Sciences de la Santé, Université Marien Ngouabi, BP : 69, Brazzaville, Congo and Service Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Centre Hospitalier et Universitaire de Brazzaville (CHUB), Congo.

Donatien Moukassa
Faculté des Sciences de la Santé, Université Marien Ngouabi, BP : 69, Brazzaville, Congo.

Jean Félix Peko
Faculté des Sciences de la Santé, Université Marien Ngouabi, BP : 69, Brazzaville, Congo and Service Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Centre Hospitalier et Universitaire de Brazzaville (CHUB), Congo.

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