Protective Effects of Shoumei (Camellia sinensis) Polyphenols against Hepatic Injury via Antioxidant Mechanisms | Chapter 3 | Molecular Mechanisms and Signaling Pathways of the Anti-inflammatory Effects of Functional Foods

 

Tea is globally the second most consumed beverage after water, and its pharmacological properties are extensively documented. It has potent neuroprotective, free radical scavenging, antioxidative, antioncogenic, hepatoprotective, anti-diabetic, antiviral, and chemopreventive properties. This study investigated the hepatoprotective effects of polyphenols extracted from Shoumei, a slightly fermented white tea (Camellia sinensis). HPLC analysis identified gallic acid, catechin, hyperoside, and sulfuretin as the main phenolic constituents. In an in vitro model, Shoumei polyphenols (SPs) attenuated H₂O₂-induced oxidative damage in human normal hepatic L-02 cells. In an in vivo model of CCl₄-induced liver injury in mice, SPs effectively reduced the liver index and ameliorated histopathological damage. Biochemical analyses demonstrated that SPs significantly decreased serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-12 (IL-12), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ). Conversely, SPs increased serum levels of albumin (ALB), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px). At the molecular level, qRT-PCR and Western blot analyses revealed that SPs up-regulated the mRNA and protein expression of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), manganese-SOD (Mn-SOD), copper/zinc-SOD (Cu/Zn-SOD), CAT, and inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B alpha (IκB-α), while down-regulating the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and NF-κB p65. The preventive effect of SPs against CCl₄-induced liver injury was comparable to that of silymarin. These results indicate that the identified polyphenols, primarily through their antioxidant capacity, mediate significant hepatoprotection, suggesting Shoumei polyphenols are high-quality natural agents for liver protection.

 

Author(s) Details

Ruokun Yi
Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China and Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China.

 

Yuxuan Wei
Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000 Gansu, China.

 

Fang Tan
Department of Public Health, Our Lady of Fatima University, Valenzuela 838, Philippines.

 

Jianfei Mu
Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China and Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China.

 

Xingyao Long
Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China, Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China and Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Cha University, Seongnam 13488, Republic of Korea.

 

Yanni Pan
Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China, Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China and Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Cha University, Seongnam 13488, Republic of Korea.

 

Weiwei Liu
School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.

 

Xin Zhao
Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China and Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China.

 

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mono/978-81-998509-0-3/CH3

The Phyto-chemical and Lipid Oxidation Quantification of the Aqueous, N-hexane and Petroleum Ether Extracts of Fermented Pawpaw (Carica papaya L.) Seed | Chapter 7 | Current Perspectives in Agriculture and Food Science Vol. 9

This research was aimed at evaluating the effect of extracting solvents on the yield, phytochemical compounds and selected chemical properties of fermented pawpaw (Carica papaya) seed. Fruit seeds contain several phytochemical compounds that have been reported to show antiviral, anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory, antitumor and antioxidant activities. Due to the varied chemical properties of these seeds, different solvents are used in the extraction. However, care must be taken in the choice of solvent used for the extraction because it will determine the yield and the quality of the extract in terms of the phytochemical content.

 

Extracts from fermented T-solo variety of pawpaw seeds were obtained using petroleum ether, n-hexane and hot aqueous solvents using standard method. Analysis was carried out to determine some qualitative and quantitative phyto-chemical and some selected chemical compositions (Peroxide Value PV and Thiobarbituric Acid Value TBA. Extracts’ yield was 26.00, 23.30 and 19.51% for petroleum ether, n-hexane and hot aqueous solvent, respectively. The result of the quantitative analysis shows that all the phytochemicals were more abundant in petroleum ether extract. The PV and TBA of n-hexane, petroleum ether and hot water extract were 5.32, 4.52, 0.00 meq/kg and 0.87, 0.16, 0.09 µg/kg respectively. It is evident that petroleum ether extract contains more phytochemical compounds than the other extracts so it is likely to have more antioxidant activities since antioxidant activities are associated with phytochemicals. The PV and TBA obtained for petroleum ether extract were relatively low and this implied that the extract will undergo little or no autoxidation or oxidative deterioration when used. The peroxide value and thiobarbituric acid value obtained for petroleum ether extract were relatively low and this implied that the extract would undergo little or no autoxidation or oxidative deterioration when used. This indicates that the extract can be a good preservative.

 

Author (s) Details

Adesola M.O
Department of Food Science, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria.

 

Akande E.A
Department of Food Science, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria

 

Agboola H.A
Central State University, Wilberforce, Ohio, USA.

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/cpafs/v9/2433

Anticancer Activities of Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) - An Overview | Chapter 9 | Recent Developments in Chemistry and Biochemistry Research Vol. 4

Aims: The target of the present article is to provide a short review of the anticancer and antiproliferative function of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) against various cancer cell lines in vitro and in vivo. 

Background: Spinach is a significant functional food due to its rich content of vitamins and minerals, along with other bioactive chemical compounds viz., glycoglycerolipids, carotenoids, polyphenols, flavonoids, and many others.  The biological applications of spinach have received constant attention in the research field because of its interesting antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic properties.

Discussion: A thorough literature review has disclosed that glycoglycerolipids, carotenoids, and phenolic compounds are mainly responsible for the antineoplastic characteristics of dietary spinach. The spinach extracts have demonstrated antitumour character against various malignant cells in vitro and in vivo. The glycoglycerolipids have acted as a remarkable cytotoxic agent on both injection and oral administration in mice. One of the glycolipids present in spinach viz., mono galactosyl diacylglycerol (MGDG) has displayed a notable synergistic effect with irradiation resulting in greater shrinkage of tumour size when compared to the isolated application of MGDG and irradiation.

Conclusion: The article delineates the importance of spinach as a functional food with anticancer activity highlighting its importance in the study of new chemotherapeutic drugs.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Chhandasi Guha Roy Sarkar
Department of Chemistry, Hooghly Mohsin College, Chinsurah, Hooghly, West Bengal, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rdcbr/v4/1130

Antioxidant Properties and Protective Effect of Phenolic Extracts of Olive Leaves and Olive Mill Wastewater against Lipid Peroxidation | Chapter 5 | Innovations in Biological Science Vol. 6

 

The aim of this study was to evaluate the In vitro antioxidant activity of the phenolic extracts of olive leaves and olive mill wastewater and their protective effect against lipid peroxidation. The antioxidant activity of two varieties (Chemlal and Sigoise) of the tested olive leaves and olive mill wastewater was evaluated using three different antioxidant assays (DPPH radical scavenging test, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay, and hydrogen peroxide scavenging assay). The protective effect of the tested extracts against lipid peroxidation in an in vitro model of rat liver homogenate was evaluated through the production of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). The obtained results showed that the phenolic extracts of olive leaves and olive mill wastewater are rich in phenolic compounds mainly flavonoids, with the highest content found in the extract of Chemlal olive leaves (88.35±0.73 mg GAE/g of extract for polyphenols and 45.98±0.36 mg QE/g of extract for flavonoids). Furthermore, significant anti-free radical activity and reducing power have been shown by the tested extracts. In fact, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) can be neutralized by the studied extracts. The extract of Chemlal olive leaves exhibited the most important antioxidant activity. The tested extracts showed a significant decrease in malonic dialdehyde (MDA) levels and a protective effect against lipid peroxidation. The high protective effect was exhibited by the phenolic extract of Chemlal olive leaves. According to the obtained results, it appears that the phenolic extracts of olive leaves and olive mill wastewater have an important antioxidant potential and protective effect against lipid peroxidation and they can be used as natural antioxidant agents in food and pharmaceutical industries.

Author(s) Details:

Fatiha Abdellah,
Laboratory of Research on Local Animal Products at Ibn Khaldoun University, Tiaret, Algeria.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/IBS-V6/article/view/14927

An Overview on Natural Antioxidants Derived from Food Sources | Chapter 11 | Advanced Concepts in Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 2

 As per current reports, our human cellsbelong to aerobic environments are exposed to damage from reactive oxygen metabolites (ROMs) that are efficiently neutralized by the robust antioxidant scheme present in the human body. Antioxidants are chemical compound that exhibit the ability to adjourn or reduce oxidative damage to a particular molecule. Antioxidants are abundantly present in unrefined sources to a degree plants, food matters, etc. Several such beginnings of antioxidants include Vitamin E, Vitamin C, carotenoids, glutathione, and polyphenols (thymol, eugenol, vanillin, guaiacol, menthol, sesamol, and umbelliferon). In the review article, it was thoroughly examined for those antioxidants using for administration of various human ailments. Recently, many efforts are in preparation by scientists to identify those antioxidants that grant permission be proven as potential drug agents for the situation of various disorders. In this framework, phenolic and polyphenolic substances have happened commonly utilized for the pronounced purposes. This article established a literature survey interprets many natural antioxidants that were took advantage of for anti-aging belongings, immunity boosters, reconstructing nerve function as well as preservatives in many cases.

Author(s) Details:

Manoj Kumar Sahoo,
Department of Pharmacy, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur (C.G.) - 495009, India.

Nidhi Agrawal,
Department of Pharmacy, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur (C.G.) - 495009, India.

Meenakshi Jaiswal,
Department of Pharmacy, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur (C.G.) - 495009, India.

S. K. Lanjhiyana,
Department of Pharmacy, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur (C.G.) - 495009, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ACPR-V2/article/view/12444

Potential Role of Punica Granatum (Pomegranate) in Management of COVID-19: A Review | Chapter 8 | Novel Aspects on Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 3

 Viral contaminations suppress invulnerable system of the host. SARS-CoV-2, Just like other energetic infections diminish the host immunity. A powerful immune system is the key to care from virus and additional pathogens. Severe cases admitted to the icu showed high level of supporting-inflammatory cytokines that enhanced the disease asperity. Antioxidant medications are submitted as a current course of treatment for subjects who have the SARS-CoV-2 virus.It raises glutathione and oxygen levels, that strengthens the immune reaction. The results include a decrease in the amount momentary required for mechanical airing, the prevention of diversified organ dysfunctions, a smaller hospital stay, and a lower mortality rate.  Immune timbre is the only way of managing of the immune structure. Punica Granatum has been used as a usual medicine for point in time. The components of this plant are famous for its rich invulnerable-regulation, antagonistic-inflammatory, and antioxidant benefits in specially in respiring disorders. Many of the study results are based on artificial and cell-located assays. It necessitates further confirmation of in vivo productiveness through human clinical tests.

Author(s) Details:

Rabiea Bilal,
Department of Pharmacology, CMH LMC & IOD, NUMS, Pakistan.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NAPR-V3/article/view/10883

Anti-HIV and Anticandidal Properties of Punica granatum L. (Pomegranate): A Pharmacological Agent for the Oral Cavity | Chapter 7 | New Advances in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 1

 Pomegranate (Punica granatum) forests have long been used widely in traditional cure to treat a wide range of illnesses, containing dental and oral diseases. The most frequent dispassionate manifestation in HIV patients is generated by Candida albicans, which has happened demonstrated to have strong anticandidal belongings in recent years. Since the spoken cavity is critical from diagnosis to adherence to HAART remedy in HIV/AIDS population, the present review offers a inexact overview of current knowledge of the chemical arrangement and anti-HIV and anticandidal properties of the plant variety P. granatum involved in the oral crater in order to hook up in the development of novel anti-HIV powers that will be useful from now on clinical practice. The biography reviewed revealed that vulgar extracts of pomegranate and its main compounds private, and in particular, anthocyanins and gallotannins retain inhibitory activity on different HIV-goals, including binding viral proteins and the 3 replicative HIV-enzymes. Pomegranate too demonstrated anticandidal effects on 10 various species in the biography that was reviewed. Consequently, pomegranate appears to be a great aspirant to investigate and include into the treatment of the oral crater in HIV/AIDS patients, in that apart from its two-fold-pharmacological effects such as antiviral and anticandidal, blue and red colors mixed together represents an easily approachable inexpensive and safe instinctive source, accompanying a wide range of oral drug forms.

Author(s) Details:

Maira Huerta-Reyes,
Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Nefrológicas, Hospital de Especialidades “Dr. Bernardo Sepúlveda Gutiérrez”, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México.

Luis A. Gaitán-Cepeda,
Departamento de Medicina y Patología Oral y Maxilofacial, División de Estudios de Postgrado e Investigación, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México.

Luis O. Sánchez-Vargas,
Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Microbiología Oral, Facultad de Estomatología, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, México.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NAMMS-V1/article/view/10559

Determining the Effect of Extraction Method on Chemical Composition of Lamium amplexicaule L. | Chapter 6 | Cutting Edge Research in Biology Vol. 5

 The aim concerning this study was the investigation of the applicable method for the distillation of phenolic compounds from Lamium amplexicaule -plant of the Lamiaceae kin, widespread in Algeria and North Africa. The usually on insects or electronics parts of the plant were collected all along Mars 2018 from Djemila Wilaya of Setif (Algeria). Ethanolic extracts were obtained by process to make softer and Soxhlet apparatus. Phytochemical arrangement was determined by liquid chromatography bulk spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) plan. Results demonstrate that the big compound in both extracts was chlorogenic acid. However, 18 compounds were recognized in the extract obtained by Soxhlet and 17 on account of obtained by process to make softer. These constituents were restricted, and the Soxhlet extract had greater concentrations than the maceration extract acted. It follows that the Soxhlet extraction is outside limits the maceration ancestry for L. amplexicaule. Further studies are necessary to recognize the biological parts of individual compounds of extracts and different biological possessions of this plant.

Author(s) Details:

Siham Ferdjioui,
Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, University Ferhat Abbas Setif-1, 19000, Setif, Algeria.

Rachid Belhattab,
Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, University Ferhat Abbas Setif-1, 19000, Setif, Algeria.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CERB-V5/article/view/9797

Nutrition and Health Benefits of Ripe Pumpkin Fruit, Pulp and Powder| Chapter 7 | Recent Progress in Science and Technology Vol. 4

 Poor food can lead to chronic sicknesses including cardiovascular disease, malignancy, Alzheimer's, overweight and obesity, stale, osteoporosis, etc. Street and junk food are difficult in saturated fats, seasoning, sugar, and preservatives, which over occasion cause a number of ailments. Due to their maximum digestive profile, ripe vegetable fruit, pulp, and powder make superior candidates to advance good health. It contains bioactive meanings such linoleic acid, which serves as an antioxidant cruel nutrition, as well as carotenoids, ascorbic acid, vitamins, mineral, dietary fibers, zeaxanthin, and vitamin E. In addition to decent diet, these substances prevent never-ending diseases further basic nutrition. By present image of biological antioxidants, carotenoids protect containers and tissues against the harmful effects of free radicals and singlet oxygen, that are known to cause a number of disorders, containing hypertension, atherosclerosis, type 2 diabetes and cancer. Recent research has shown that the crop, pulp, and powder of ripe vegetables contain varying levels of foods that promote health. To guarantee that consumers have access to fare and nutrition security during the whole of the year, pumpkins are brewed in a variety of feed products, including mixture, weaning mix, halwa join, jam, toffee, mayonnaise, chutney mix, juice, collect, syrup, etc. In the food area, the pulp is frequently used to make croissants, baked merchandise, juices, jams, marinades, and infant food. Numerous items have described the presence of carotenoids in vegetables. The vitamin C in pumpkin skin can strengthen the immune method and help people absorb iron from cooking more readily. Potassium, that is essential for the healthy operation of the affecting animate nerve organs system and muscles in addition to for preserving normal ancestry pressure, is abundant in pumpkin humankind. Pumpkin pulp is known to include source of nourishment B1 (thiamine) and B9 (folates), which together support good condition. Ripe pumpkin fruit, pulp, and powder endure be widely used, according to authors to boost food and fend off chronic diseases.

Author(s) Details:

Caresma Chuwa,
Tanzania Agricultural Research Institute (TARI) Ukiriguru, P.O. Box 1433, Mwanza, Tanzania.

Anju K. Dhiman,
Department of Food Science and Technology, Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni-173230, Solan-HP, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RPST-V4/article/view/9445

Determination of Phytochemical Profile and Anti-Oxidation Activity of Annona Fruit and its Effect on Lymphoma Cell Proliferation| Chapter 5 | Challenges and Advances in Pharmaceutical Research Vol.1

 A high intake of some vegetables and fruits has been linked to a lower risk of cancer. We predicted that Annona fruit, which is high in fibres and phytochemicals with anti-cancer effects, could be useful in slowing lymphoma growth. The goal of this research was to extract the anticancer activity using a suitable solvent and analyse the phenolic content and antioxidation activity of the plants. Water, methanol, and chloroform solvents were used to extract the Annona fruit fractions. The total phenolic, flavonoids, and tannin content, anti-oxidation properties, and inhibition of in vitro cell proliferation using Ramos-1 lymphoma cells were all measured in each fraction. The phenolics, flavonoids, tannins, and anti-oxidation activity were highest in the methanol fractions. Although methanol extracts of skin, pulp, and seeds had a moderate influence on Ramos-1 cell growth, chloroform extracts of pulp and seeds had a substantial effect. Annona fruits may be useful in the prevention or treatment of lymphoma, according to our findings.

Author(s) Details:

Huda Mohammed Al-Shaya,
Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Department of Crop, Soil, & Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 7270, US and Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Haiwen Li,
Food Chemistry and Nutrition Science Research Laboratory, Virginia State University, Petersburg, VA 23806, USA.

Obaid U. Beg,
Food Chemistry and Nutrition Science Research Laboratory, Virginia State University, Petersburg, VA 23806, USA.


Anwar A. Hamama,
Common Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Station, College of Agriculture, Virginia State University, Petersburg, VA 23806, USA.

Sarah Melissa Witiak,
Department of Biology, College of Natural and Health Sciences, Virginia State University, Petersburg, VA 23806, USA.


Paul Kaseloo,
Department of Biology, College of Natural and Health Sciences, Virginia State University, Petersburg, VA 23806, USA.


Rafat A. Siddiqui,
Food Chemistry and Nutrition Science Research Laboratory, Virginia State University, Petersburg, VA 23806, USA.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CAPR-V1/article/view/6236

Plant Bioactive Constituents Play a Potential Role in the Treatment of Spasticity in Multiple Sclerosis: A Review | Chapter 9 | Recent Developments in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 14

 Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a debilitating central nervous system (CNS) illness that attacks in early adulthood. Despite various FDA-approved drugs in the United States, multiple sclerosis therapy choices are limited. The study's major focus was on plant bioactive components, which have an essential role in the treatment of spasticity in people with Multiple Sclerosis. Many patients with MS seek out herbal therapies to assist them manage their symptoms and control their disease. According to research, 70-80% of persons with MS have tried plant products or bioactive chemicals to help them with their symptoms. Patients with MS who utilise herbal medications may provide additional study opportunities. The most often used phytotherapies are diet, omega-3 fatty acids, and antioxidants. In both relapsing and progressive types of MS, bioactive plant chemicals such as flavonoids, vitamin C, lipoic acid, and vitamin D supplementation were found to be the most promising anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective agents. Polyphenols, terpenes, alkaloids, anthocyanidine glycosides, plant amines, volatile oils, and other natural substances will all have a part in the future therapy of multiple sclerosis.

Author(S) Details

G. Neelamma
Srikrupa Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siddipet, Telangana, India.

B. Nagarani
Srikrupa Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siddipet, Telangana, India.

K. Mangamma
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies JNTU, Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh, India.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/RDMMR-V14/article/view/4988

Pharmacological Activities of Ficus racemosa and Analysis of Its Major Bioactive Polyphenols by HPLC-DAD | Chapter 6 | Highlights on Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 5

 Oxidative stress causes a variety of physiological disorders, including infectious diseases, inflammation, and cancer. The current study was carried out to investigate the antioxidant, antibacterial, and cytotoxic activity of methanol crude extracts of Ficus racemosa leaves and fruits (LCME and FCME, respectively) and to analyze its major bioactive polyphenols using HPLC-DAD. F. racemosa is used in traditional medicine in the subcontinent to treat a wide range of diseases. Methods: DPPH free radical scavenging, reducing power, total phenolic, total flavonoid, total tannin content assay, superoxide radical, hydroxyl radical, and hydrogen peroxide scavenging assays were used to assess the antioxidant capacity of the extracts. The HPLC-DAD method was used to identify and quantify bioactive polyphenols. The antibacterial activity was evaluated using the “disc diffusion” method. To determine the cytotoxic potential, a brine shrimp lethality assay was performed. Conclusion: Gallic acid, along with other phenolic constituents, may have played a significant role in the observed antioxidant, antibacterial, and cytotoxic activity.

Author (S) Details

Salma Akter Sumi
Pharmacy Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh.

Md. Afjalus Siraj
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawaii at Hilo, Hilo, HI 96720, USA.

Amir Hossain
Pharmacy Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh.

Md. Sagir Mia
Pharmacy Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh.

Seagufta Afrin
Pharmacy Department, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh.

Md. Mustafizur Rahman
Pharmacy Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/HMMS-V5/article/view/1731

Everyday Phytochemicals for Cancer: Another Look | Chapter 4 | Highlights on Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 6

 Phytonutrients, also known as phytochemicals, are plant-based ingredients that help to maintain, protect, and improve our overall health and well-being, including cancer prevention and other preventative activities in the body. Both fruits, vegetables, greens, and herbs contain them. Bioactive compounds/nutrients are abundant in marine species such as algae, seaweed, and sponges. They have antioxidant, anti-cancer, anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, and antibiotic effects, among others. It's fantastic that scientists are studying the effects of typical plants and plant constituents, as well as marine species, on cancers like lung cancer and cervical cancer. There are thousands of phytochemicals that have significant health benefits. Phytochemicals are found in most herbs, fruits, and vegetables, and their nutritional constituents are being researched extensively to determine their effects on health and cancer care. Alkaloids, tannins, saponins, steroid, terpenoid, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, and other phytochemicals found in various fruits, medicinal plants, and marine red algae are discussed in this study.

Author (s) Details

V. Gowri Sree
Anna University, Chennai, India.

Ignacio Camarillo
Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.

T. Jeya Shree
Anna University, Chennai, India.

S. Poompavai
Anna University, Chennai, India.

Prgatheiswar Giri
Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.

S. M. Fazeela Mahaboob Begum
BS Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science & Technology, Chennai, India.

S. Hemalatha
BS Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science & Technology, Chennai, India.

Lakshya Mittal
Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.

E. Sieni
University of Padova, Italy.

S. Madhivanan
Vinayaka Mission, Pondicherry, India.

S. Prabakaran
Government Hospital, Trichy, India.

R. Sundararajan
Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/HMMR-V6/article/view/626

Spectral, Thermal, Mineral and Phenolic Characteristics of Plant Seeds from Ten Families | Chapter 8 | Current Research Trends in Biological Science Vol. 2

Seeds are a main dietary component for humans and animals. In this work, the physical, spectral, thermal, mineral and phenolic characteristics of seeds from 47 species belonging to 10 families (Arecaceae, Amaranthaceae, Anacardiaceae, Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Lamiaceae, Malvaceae, Rutaceae, Sapindaceae and Sapotaceae) are described. The seeds had moisture and ash contents in the 1.6–12.9% and 1.0–5.5% range, respectively, and the seed coat represented from 12 to 85% of the seed weight, depending on the species. The protein, starch and oil-associated vibrations in the seeds were characterized by infrared spectroscopy. The thermal behavior of the seeds, which involved an initial dehydration step, followed by free/bound moisture and volatile extractives release, and by protein, starch and oil decomposition, was studied by thermogravimetric (TG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) techniques, evidencing noticeable differences between families. The total polyphenol and mineral contents widely varied from 185 to 3441 mg/100 g and from 831 to 7904 mg/100 g, respectively. Cluster analysis was used to categorize seed potentiality in terms of mineral contents. Variations in seed proximate parameters, spectral, thermal, phenolic and mineral characteristics as a function of the family to which the seeds belong to are also discussed.

Author (s) Details

Khageshwar Singh Patel
School of Studies in Chemistry, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur-492010, India.

Suryakant Chakradhari
School of Studies in Environmental Science, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur-492010, India.

Pravin Kumar Sahu
School of Studies in Environmental Science, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur-492010, India.

Jesús Martín-Gil 
Department of Agriculture and Forestry Engineering, ETSIIAA, Universidad de Valladolid, Avenida de Madrid 44, 34004 Palencia, Spain.

View Book :- http://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/188