Optimizing Bio-Oil Yield: A Study on Trichosanthes Tricuspidata Seed Extraction | Chapter 2| Recent Developments in Chemistry and Biochemistry Research Vol. 3

 

This study investigates Trichosanthes tricuspidata seeds as a potential novel source for bio-oil production. Employing a Soxhlet extractor, the research delves into the presence of fatty acids in oil extracted using various solvents. The primary aim is to optimize the extraction process to maximize bio-oil yield, examining factors such as extraction time and seed particle size. Initial experiments encompass a diverse range of particle sizes and extraction durations. Subsequently, to refine the process, a fixed particle size is utilized alongside different solvents. The study identifies the optimal extraction process as a 3h extraction time with a particle size of 0.55 mm, employing isopropyl alcohol as the solvent, resulting in a bio-oil extraction rate of 20% (w/w). The significance of this research lies in introducing a fresh approach to bio-oil production from an untapped plant source. By enhancing the extraction process from Trichosanthes tricuspidata seeds, this study contributes to the advancement of sustainable and economically viable bio-oil production methods. Furthermore, the study employs analytical techniques to comprehend the composition of the extracted bio-oil.

 

 

Author(s) Details

V. Mansa Devi

Department of Applied Science and Technology, A.C. Tech, Anna University, Chennai, 600025, India.

M. Dharmendira Kumar

Department of Applied Science and Technology, A.C. Tech, Anna University, Chennai, 600025, India.

R. Sridhar

Department of Chemical Engineering, Pondicherry Engineering College, Pillaichavadi, Puducherry, 605 014, India.

C. Jaya Kumar

Department of Applied Science and Technology, A.C. Tech, Anna University, Chennai, 600025, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rdcbr/v3/8276E

The Phyto-chemical and Lipid Oxidation Quantification of the Aqueous, N-hexane and Petroleum Ether Extracts of Fermented Pawpaw (Carica papaya L.) Seed | Chapter 7 | Current Perspectives in Agriculture and Food Science Vol. 9

This research was aimed at evaluating the effect of extracting solvents on the yield, phytochemical compounds and selected chemical properties of fermented pawpaw (Carica papaya) seed. Fruit seeds contain several phytochemical compounds that have been reported to show antiviral, anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory, antitumor and antioxidant activities. Due to the varied chemical properties of these seeds, different solvents are used in the extraction. However, care must be taken in the choice of solvent used for the extraction because it will determine the yield and the quality of the extract in terms of the phytochemical content.

 

Extracts from fermented T-solo variety of pawpaw seeds were obtained using petroleum ether, n-hexane and hot aqueous solvents using standard method. Analysis was carried out to determine some qualitative and quantitative phyto-chemical and some selected chemical compositions (Peroxide Value PV and Thiobarbituric Acid Value TBA. Extracts’ yield was 26.00, 23.30 and 19.51% for petroleum ether, n-hexane and hot aqueous solvent, respectively. The result of the quantitative analysis shows that all the phytochemicals were more abundant in petroleum ether extract. The PV and TBA of n-hexane, petroleum ether and hot water extract were 5.32, 4.52, 0.00 meq/kg and 0.87, 0.16, 0.09 µg/kg respectively. It is evident that petroleum ether extract contains more phytochemical compounds than the other extracts so it is likely to have more antioxidant activities since antioxidant activities are associated with phytochemicals. The PV and TBA obtained for petroleum ether extract were relatively low and this implied that the extract will undergo little or no autoxidation or oxidative deterioration when used. The peroxide value and thiobarbituric acid value obtained for petroleum ether extract were relatively low and this implied that the extract would undergo little or no autoxidation or oxidative deterioration when used. This indicates that the extract can be a good preservative.

 

Author (s) Details

Adesola M.O
Department of Food Science, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria.

 

Akande E.A
Department of Food Science, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria

 

Agboola H.A
Central State University, Wilberforce, Ohio, USA.

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/cpafs/v9/2433

Feeding Deterrence Activity of Momordica cymbalaria Fenzl ex Hook Leaf, Fruit Skin, Seed and Tuber Extract against Spodoptera litura Fabricius | Chapter 1 | Research Perspective on Biological Science Vol. 2

Spodoptera litura Fab. (Beet armyworm; Tobacco cutworm), a devastating polyphagous pest known to cause cent percent yield loss under outbreak conditions, is regularly managed using chemical insecticides and has developed multi-pronged resistance. Plant secondary metabolites exhibit a wide range of biological activity and may act as feeding and oviposition deterrents, repellents, fumigants, and behavior modifiers. Fruits and tubers of Momordica cymbalaria Hook (Fenzl.) possess anti-ovulatory and abortifacient properties that could be exploited in the management of insect pests. Hence, the feeding deterrent activity of M. cymbalaria leaf, peel (fruit skin), seed, and tuber solvent extract against Spodoptera litura Fabr. was studied. The present study was carried out from 2019 to 2022 in the Phyto-insecticide Laboratory, Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamil Nadu, India. Different concentrations of acetone extract of leaf from 0.3% to 0.8% performed better in deterring S. litura larval feeding. Peel acetone extract showed a strong feeding deterrence (94.83% leaf area protection over the absolute control) at 0.9% concentration, followed by medium deterrence at 0.8, 0.7, and 0.6% concentrations (85.62, 77.90, and 67.08 % protection, respectively). The hexane seed extract was comparatively oilier and had a distinct rancid smell noticeable in the higher concentrations (0.8, 0.9, and 1%). Tubers did not exhibit any significant leaf area protection below 0.2% concentration. However, 1% tuber acetone extract showed 99.36 percent protection. The effective concentrations of leaf acetone extract for 50 and 95% deterrence were 0.27 and 0.84 percent, respectively. The effective concentrations of other plant parts were ranked as follows: Seeds>Peels>Tubers. Therefore, it is stated that M. cymbalaria possesses very effective feeding deterrence activity against the common cutworm S. litura.

 

Author (s) Details

YOGAPRIYA ADAIKKAN
Phyto Insecticide Laboratory, Department of Entomology, Annamalai University, India.

 

SELVAMUTHUKUMARAN THIRUNAVUKKARASUA
Phyto Insecticide Laboratory, Department of Entomology, Annamalai University, India.

 

Please see the book here https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rpbs/v2/4763

Comparative Analysis of Linear Congruential Random Generator Algorithms Using Python and Java Languages | Chapter 7 | Mathematics and Computer Science: Research Updates Vol. 4

There are two different ways of generating random numbers using a computer system, Pseudo-Random Number Generators (PRNGs) and True Random Number Generators (TRNGs). Giving Consideration to the era of Generic AI and the Internet of Things where high bandwidth, connectivity, servers, storage and decisions play an important role. Hence speed and security are obvious needs. As pseudo-random number generation (PRNG) is also a basic need when security, probability, heuristics and many other issues are of concern. For this purpose and by considering the recent research outcomes with respect to programming languages like Java and Python. A Linear congruential Generator (LCG) algorithm is selected which is one of the popular PRNG. In this study, the performance of Linear Congruential Generator (LCG) pseudo-random number generators (PRNGs) implemented in Python and Java is analyzed using three seeding techniques: manual, system time, and hash/object-based. The results show that system-time seeding offers the best trade-off between speed and randomness, with Java outperforming Python in execution times. The results noticed have also proved the strengths and weaknesses of Java and Python. These findings provide practical guidance for developers in selecting appropriate PRNG implementations for applications in IoT, AI, and statistical modeling. In conclusion, it has been found that LCG seeded with system time has performed better than the other two versions. The role of programming languages both Java and Python for generation has no such impact. The study has also shown the speed of generation of LCG PRNGs is 10 times more than that of Python’s execution time.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Omar Khan Durrani
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Ghousia College Engineering, Ramanagara, India.

 

Mohammed Saif Ali
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Ghousia College Engineering, Ramanagara, India.

 

Davalmalik Sayadali Makandar
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Ghousia College Engineering, Ramanagara, India.

 

Hemalatha T P
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Ghousia College Engineering, Ramanagara, India.

 

Gulfishar Bano
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Ghousia College Engineering, Ramanagara, India.

 

Dilshad Begum
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Ghousia College Engineering, Ramanagara, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mcsru/v4/4910

Phase-field Simulation of SEEDs as Nucleation Sites in Ti-6Al-4V for Electrostatic Levitation Experiments | Chapter 6 | | Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Solidification and Gravity

This study investigated reproducing the grain refinement process of Ti-6Al-4V with TiC heterogeneous nucleation site particles in the electrostatic levitation (ESL) furnace using the phase field simulation software MICRESS®. The objective of this study is to clarify the calculation settings for simple phase field simulations such that the degree of undercooling and the frequency distribution of the grains match the ESL experimental values, and to determine the characteristics of SEEDs which act as nucleation sites using simulations. The simulation region was set at the central region of the central cross-section of the spherical ESL sample with a diameter of approximately 2 mm. To simplify the model, the region was cooled without recalescence at a constant cooling rate, R, of 171 K/s, corresponding to the ESL experiments. When simulating nucleation, a precursor of a crystal nucleus was arbitrarily set up as a fine particle “SEED”, which becomes a grain under the condition to satisfy the nucleation criterion. Six SEED-frequency distributions were modeled by extraction in the range of 1 - 200 nm. The distribution range of the SEED radii was 1-5 nm when the number of SEEDs which acted as nucleation sites matched the average number of grains in the ESL sample. Moreover, apparent interfacial mobility was fitted as a variable, which is shifted from the value derived from the physical properties. As a result, the number of grains decreased as the apparent interfacial mobility increased. Additionally, the conditions where SEEDs act as nucleation sites in the simulation were that the degree of undercooling exceeds the degree of critical undercooling of nucleation unless the SEEDs are engulfed by other neighboring grains.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Yuto Ueda
Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan.

 

Koei Kadoi
Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan.

 

Yuta Kushiya
Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan.

 

Haruka Ueno
Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan.

 

Yuji Mabuchi
Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan.

 

Chihiro Hanada
Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan.

 

Shinsuke Suzuk
Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mono/978-93-49473-95-9/CH6

Optimizing Bio-Oil Yield: A Study on Trichosanthes Tricuspidata Seed Extraction | Chapter 2 | Recent Developments in Chemistry and Biochemistry Research Vol. 3

This study investigates Trichosanthes tricuspidata seeds as a potential novel source for bio-oil production. Employing a Soxhlet extractor, the research delves into the presence of fatty acids in oil extracted using various solvents. The primary aim is to optimize the extraction process to maximize bio-oil yield, examining factors such as extraction time and seed particle size. Initial experiments encompass a diverse range of particle sizes and extraction durations. Subsequently, to refine the process, a fixed particle size is utilized alongside different solvents. The study identifies the optimal extraction process as a 3h extraction time with a particle size of 0.55 mm, employing isopropyl alcohol as the solvent, resulting in a bio-oil extraction rate of 20% (w/w). The significance of this research lies in introducing a fresh approach to bio-oil production from an untapped plant source. By enhancing the extraction process from Trichosanthes tricuspidata seeds, this study contributes to the advancement of sustainable and economically viable bio-oil production methods. Furthermore, the study employs analytical techniques to comprehend the composition of the extracted bio-oil.

Author(s) Details:

V. Mansa Devi,
Department of Applied Science and Technology, A.C. Tech, Anna University, Chennai, 600025, India.

M. Dharmendira Kumar
Department of Applied Science and Technology, A.C. Tech, Anna University, Chennai, 600025, India.

R. Sridhar
Department of Chemical Engineering, Pondicherry Engineering College, Pillaichavadi, Puducherry, 605 014, India.

C. Jaya Kumar
Department of Applied Science and Technology, A.C. Tech, Anna University, Chennai, 600025, India.


Please see the link here: https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rdcbr/v3/8276E

Kanakchampa | Chapter 11 | Current Aspects in Pharmaceutical Research and Development Vol. 3

 The herb Pterospermum acerifolium (Sterculiaceae) is found all over the world. This plant is also known by the names Kanakchampa, Karnikara, Muchukunda, and Matsakanda. It reaches a height of 60 feet. The plant's leaves are frequently used as a haemostatic and in Indian proprietary medications to treat diabetes. Antioxidant, antiulcer, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, hypoglycemic, immunosuppressive, wound healing, hepatoprotective, antihelmentic, antimitotic, and anticancer characteristics have been discovered in the plant. Inflammation, abdominal pain, ascites, ulcers, leprosy, constipation, urine discharges, and tumours are supposed to be treated with it. The first stage in assessing whether a plant organ is suitable for use as a crude medication is pharmacognosy. As a result, a comprehensive Pharmacognostic analysis of Pterospermum acerifolium (L.)Willd seed was carried out. The current study covered a wide range of pharmacognosy topics, including macroscopy, microscopy, histochemical analysis, powder study, preliminary phytochemical screening, fluorescence analysis, and physicochemical constants.

Author(S) Details

Neetu Deshwal
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CT University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India.

Saurabh Sharma
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CT University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/CAPRD-V3/article/view/4446