The Phyto-chemical and Lipid Oxidation Quantification of the Aqueous, N-hexane and Petroleum Ether Extracts of Fermented Pawpaw (Carica papaya L.) Seed | Chapter 7 | Current Perspectives in Agriculture and Food Science Vol. 9

This research was aimed at evaluating the effect of extracting solvents on the yield, phytochemical compounds and selected chemical properties of fermented pawpaw (Carica papaya) seed. Fruit seeds contain several phytochemical compounds that have been reported to show antiviral, anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory, antitumor and antioxidant activities. Due to the varied chemical properties of these seeds, different solvents are used in the extraction. However, care must be taken in the choice of solvent used for the extraction because it will determine the yield and the quality of the extract in terms of the phytochemical content.

 

Extracts from fermented T-solo variety of pawpaw seeds were obtained using petroleum ether, n-hexane and hot aqueous solvents using standard method. Analysis was carried out to determine some qualitative and quantitative phyto-chemical and some selected chemical compositions (Peroxide Value PV and Thiobarbituric Acid Value TBA. Extracts’ yield was 26.00, 23.30 and 19.51% for petroleum ether, n-hexane and hot aqueous solvent, respectively. The result of the quantitative analysis shows that all the phytochemicals were more abundant in petroleum ether extract. The PV and TBA of n-hexane, petroleum ether and hot water extract were 5.32, 4.52, 0.00 meq/kg and 0.87, 0.16, 0.09 µg/kg respectively. It is evident that petroleum ether extract contains more phytochemical compounds than the other extracts so it is likely to have more antioxidant activities since antioxidant activities are associated with phytochemicals. The PV and TBA obtained for petroleum ether extract were relatively low and this implied that the extract will undergo little or no autoxidation or oxidative deterioration when used. The peroxide value and thiobarbituric acid value obtained for petroleum ether extract were relatively low and this implied that the extract would undergo little or no autoxidation or oxidative deterioration when used. This indicates that the extract can be a good preservative.

 

Author (s) Details

Adesola M.O
Department of Food Science, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria.

 

Akande E.A
Department of Food Science, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria

 

Agboola H.A
Central State University, Wilberforce, Ohio, USA.

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/cpafs/v9/2433

Comparative Study of Common Antioxidants and Dithiooxamide in Lipid Autoxidation | Chapter 2 | Current Practice in Medical Science Vol. 4

The writers have studied antioxidants, oxidation, and anti-aging since the 1980s. They learned that since lipids are some of the most widely used basic materials in foods, cosmetics, and the human body, it would be wise to look at autoxidation in this context, whether to stop spoilage or slow ageing.

The researchers selected a few lipids for an autoxidation inquiry and compared them to common pro-oxidants and antioxidants, as well as a possible antioxidant candidate, along with an evaluation of their short-term toxicity. The lipids were heated up while being subjected to a number of pro-oxidants, common commercial antioxidants, the antioxidant candidate, and a control. After that, the authors performed a short-term toxicity assessment and an analysis of the lipids for oxidation by-products. Autoxidation is more likely to occur in lipids that have been exposed to heavy metals like iron, copper, or other heavy metals or that have been polluted with them. In contrast to other metals, aluminium does not appear to hasten the autoxidation of lipids. The antioxidant candidate dithiooxamide appears to be a capable antioxidant with no short-term toxicity in a small sample study, which was far below the LDLo and LD50 conducted on rats and mice using dithioxamide in other later published research. This is in contrast to antioxidants like vitamin E, BHA, BHT, and PG. The results indicate that iron, copper, and other heavy metals should be avoided when using lipids, and that the antioxidant candidate dithiooxamide may be useful for exterior lipid applications when used sparingly.

Author(s) Details:

Seamus C. C. Phan,

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Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CPMS-V4/article/view/7357