Nutritional Aspects of Various Edible Crustaceans in India | Chapter 8 | Advanced Research in Biological Science Vol. 9

The present study highlights about stimulate interest in the fascinating group of organisms by summarizing what little we do know about lipids and fatty acids of freshwater crabs in India. We explore carbohydrate, protein and lipid contents of an animal because of utilization of those components for our betterment i.e. resource utilization for health. Thus, human exploit and incorporate many such animals in their food chain. Lipids play important roles in the metabolism and reproduction of decapods crustaceans. Indian prospect is no better where epidemic of coronary heart disease (CHD) and diabetes is ongoing with no signs of a recession. Edible crustaceans, including prawns, crab, shrimp, crayfish, and lobster, are a key source of nutrient-dense food for humans. The biochemical makeup of crustaceans, including their protein, amino acid, lipid, fatty acid, carbohydrate, vitamin, and mineral content, determines their nutritional value. Freshwater crabs are a cheap food source that have a lot of potential for human consumption in India, where they can be found in almost all freshwater habitats. However, basic information about these creatures, like the biochemical makeup of their body flesh and hepatopancreas, which humans can consume, is still unknown and has not been linked to any specific nutritional benefits for the Indian populace.  Freshwater crabs are neglected in various parts of world as well as in India also. But they have good quality proteins and fatty acids in their edible part. In this article, occurrence of major lipid and fatty acids were addressed. Among fatty acids, SFA especially C16 total and C18 total; MUFA, PUFA, linoleic acid (18:2ω6), linolenic acid (18:3ω3), EPA (20:5ω3) and DHA (22:6ω3) were compared in body flesh of various edible crustaceans. It was observed that Indian freshwater crab have a high content of MUFA and PUFA which makes them nutritionally attractive. The fatty acid profile exhibit a greater percentage of EPA and DHA of total fatty acids. The n3/n6 ratio maintains less than 1% in the body flesh of crabs. Exploration of the nutritional quality of freshwater crab will encourage farmers to promote freshwater crab culture in India. As well as the consumption of freshwater crab may help to prevent nutritional deficiencies in future and the topic is important for that.

Author(s) Details:

Mohua Das,
Department of Zoology, Shyampur Siddheswari Mahavidyalaya, Howrah, West Bengal, India.

K. K. Misra,
Department of Zoology, Asutosh College, Kolkata-700026, West Bengal, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ARBS-V9/article/view/13736

Involvement of Hepatic SHIP2 and PI3K/Akt Signalling in the Regulation of Plasma Insulin by Xiaoyaosan in Chronic Immobilization-Stressed Rats | Chapter 4 | Insights into the Prevention and Treatment of Depression with Famous TCM Prescription Xiaoyaosan

 Background: Long-term exposure to chronic stress is thought to be a factor closely correlated with the development of metabolic disorders, such as diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome. Xiaoyaosan, a Chinese herbal formula, has been described in many previous studies to exert anxiolytic-like or antidepressant effects in chronically stressed rats. However, few studies have observed the effects of Xiaoyaosan on the metabolic disorders induced by chronic stress. Objective: We sought to investigate the effective regulation of Xiaoyaosan on 21-day chronic immobility stress (CIS, which is 3 h of restraint immobilization every day)-induced behavioural performance and metabolic responses and to further explore whether the effects of Xiaoyaosan were related to SHIP2 expression in the liver. Methods: Sixty male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into a control group, a CIS group, a Xiaoyaosan group and a rosiglitazone group. The latter three groups were subjected to 21 days of CIS to generate the stress model. After 21 days of CIS, the effects of Xiaoyaosan on body weight, food intake, and behaviour in the open field test, the sucrose preference test and the forced swimming test were observed following chronic stress. Plasma insulin, cholesterol (CHOL), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C) concentrations and blood glucose were examined, and the protein and mRNA expression levels of SHIP2, p85 and Akt in the liver were measured using RT-qPCR and immunohistochemical staining. Results: Rats exposed to CIS exhibited depression-like, decreased levels of plasma insulin, CHOL, LDL-C, TG and HDL-C, and increased blood glucose. Increased SHIP2 expression and reduced Akt, p-Akt and p85 expression were also observed in the liver. Xiaoyaosan exerted antidepressant effects and effectively reversed the changes caused by CIS. Conclusions: These results suggest that Xiaoyaosan attenuates depression-like behaviours and ameliorates stress-induced abnormal levels of insulin, blood glucose, CHOL, LDL-C and HDL-C in the plasma of stressed rats, which may be associated with the regulation of SHIP2 expression to enhance PI3K/Akt signalling activity in the liver.

Author(s) Details:

Qiuxia Pan,
School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11 North Third Ring Road Chaoyang District, Beijing-100029, China and Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medicine Science, Beijing-100700, China.

Jiajia Wu,
School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11 North Third Ring Road Chaoyang District, Beijing-100029, China.

Yueyun Liu,
School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11 North Third Ring Road Chaoyang District, Beijing-100029, China.

Xiaojuan Li,
Formula-pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou-510632, Guangdong, China.

Jiaxu Chen,
School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11 North Third Ring Road Chaoyang District, Beijing-100029, China and Formula-pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou-510632, Guangdong, China.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/IPTDFTPX/article/view/11265

Sonography of the Hepatic Spans and Their Correlation to Dyslipidaemia in a Nigerian Population | Chapter 2 | Advanced Concepts in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 1

The sample analysis for this investigation was performed in the private laboratory of the HMG Hospital in Rivers State, which is part of the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital. Technological developments such as solid state circuitry, real time imaging, colour and power Doppler, transvaginal sonography and 3/4D imaging have been seized by clinical researchers to enhance the investigation and management of patients in areas as diverse as assessment of fetal growth and wellbeing, screening for fetal anomalies, prediction of pre-eclampsia and preterm birth, detection of ectopic gestation, evaluation of pelvic masses, screening for ovarian cancer and fertility management. A random sampling technique was employed to select the respondents, while the Taro-Yamene formula was used to calculate the sample size and data analyzed with SPSS version 20. The respondents were mainly aged 30 - 39 years, 12 (40.00%), mainly females, 20 (66.67%) and obese, 16 (53.33%). They were also mainly Christians, 25 (83.33%), of Ijaw descent 20 (66.67%) and civil/public servants, 13 (43.33%). The total cholesterol was the highest, 18 (60.00%), normal for triglyceride, 24 (80.00%), low for high density lipoprotein cholesterol, 22 (73.33%) and high for low density lipoprotein cholesterol, 14 (46.67%). Maximum liver span was statistically significant to triglyceride concentration; p-value (0.001) but not for total cholesterol; p-value (0.084), high density lipoprotein cholesterol; p-value (0.477) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol; p-value (0.317). Hepatic span is a predictive tool for the probable diagnosis of dyslipidaemia.

Author(s) Details:

Precious Belema Ibiabuo,
Akuku-Toru LGA, Abonnema, Rivers State, Nigeria.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ACMMR-V1/article/view/12289

Determining the Effect of Methadone on Lipid Profile, Serum Leptin, and Liver Enzymes Levels in Male and Female Rats| Chapter 6 | Current Topics on Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol. 8

 Background: Methadone support analysis (MMT) isas individual of best choice evidence-located and ultimate persuasive examined opioid replacement situations still, it concede possibility guide few unfavorable belongings. This study proposed to study the effect of Methadone on lipid characterization, antitoxin leptin and liver enzymes levels in male and female rats.Materials and Methods: In this exploratory study 41 Wistar rats measuring 200- 300gr were carelessly designated into four groups, containing two methadone situations and two control groups, male and female. They were verbally doctored accompanying methadonehydrochloride (5mg/kg) or rational salty (1cc) regularly for 8 weeks following (6 days in a period). All mammals were weighed newspaper. Fasting glucose (FBS) was calculated by glucometer, and ancestry samples were captured by cardiac puncture for lipid characterization (triglyceride, reduced-mass lipoprotein (LDL), extreme-mass lipoprotein (HDL), and total cholesterol), liver enzymes of antitoxin glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), antitoxin glutamicoxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), salty phosphatase (ALP) and leptin levels calculation following in position or time 12h abstaining.Results: One-way ANOVA presented no important dissimilarity in mean FBS, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and LDL levels with the four groups (p > 0.05). Moreover, HDL level was considerably lower in male methadone and male control groups than female methadone group (p=0.003), and skilled was a meaningful differencein liver enzymes between the four groups (p<0.05).Conclusion: According to our research, methadone situation can cause alterations in few metabolic variables that are neuter-weak.

Author(s) Details:

Zaligder Amir,
Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Science, Birjand, Iran.

Zarban Asghar,
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.

Sharifzadeh Gholamreza,
Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Department of Public Health, School of Health, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.

Hosseini Mehran,
Department of Anatomical Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.

Tahergorabi Zoya,
Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CTCB-V8/article/view/9349

Comparative Study of Common Antioxidants and Dithiooxamide in Lipid Autoxidation | Chapter 2 | Current Practice in Medical Science Vol. 4

The writers have studied antioxidants, oxidation, and anti-aging since the 1980s. They learned that since lipids are some of the most widely used basic materials in foods, cosmetics, and the human body, it would be wise to look at autoxidation in this context, whether to stop spoilage or slow ageing.

The researchers selected a few lipids for an autoxidation inquiry and compared them to common pro-oxidants and antioxidants, as well as a possible antioxidant candidate, along with an evaluation of their short-term toxicity. The lipids were heated up while being subjected to a number of pro-oxidants, common commercial antioxidants, the antioxidant candidate, and a control. After that, the authors performed a short-term toxicity assessment and an analysis of the lipids for oxidation by-products. Autoxidation is more likely to occur in lipids that have been exposed to heavy metals like iron, copper, or other heavy metals or that have been polluted with them. In contrast to other metals, aluminium does not appear to hasten the autoxidation of lipids. The antioxidant candidate dithiooxamide appears to be a capable antioxidant with no short-term toxicity in a small sample study, which was far below the LDLo and LD50 conducted on rats and mice using dithioxamide in other later published research. This is in contrast to antioxidants like vitamin E, BHA, BHT, and PG. The results indicate that iron, copper, and other heavy metals should be avoided when using lipids, and that the antioxidant candidate dithiooxamide may be useful for exterior lipid applications when used sparingly.

Author(s) Details:

Seamus C. C. Phan,

10 Anson Road, #03-19, International Plaza, Singapore 079903, Singapore.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CPMS-V4/article/view/7357

Study on Increase in PKCα Activity during Heart Failure Despite the Stimulation of PKCα Braking Mechanism | Chapter 5 | Recent Research Advances in Biology Vol. 12

 Heart failure (HF) is characterised by a reduction in cardiac contractility. During heart failure, a mild treatment target that improves contractile function without desensitising the -adrenergic system could enhance cardiac contractility and possibly survival. Inhibiting the activity of protein kinase C (PKC) may meet the criteria for a therapeutic target with fewer systemic side effects while yet increasing contractility in HF patients. During HF, PKC activity has been reported to rise. The fact that this increase in PKC activity is accompanied by up-regulation of a molecular braking mechanism is confusing.

Despite the presence of a molecular braking mechanism, I want to see if PKC activity can be boosted and maintained during HF.

Methods and Results: I show that in cardiomyocytes, local diacylglycerol (DAG) signalling is regulated by a two-compartment signalling system using a computational approach. These findings suggest that local DAG signalling equilibrium is compromised after a severe myocardial infarction (MI). When this equilibrium is disrupted, PKC, a critical molecular target connected to LV remodelling and defective filling and ejection in mammals, is activated over an extended period of time. This research also explains how DAG homeostasis is maintained throughout normal systolic and diastolic heart activity.

Conclusions: During Ang II-induced heart failure, I devised an unique two-compartment computational model for regulating DAG homeostasis. This model could be used to investigate the mechanisms of DAG signalling control in heart failure. The model can also be used to find new therapeutic targets for heart failure patients, with the goal of enhancing their quality of life.

Author (S) Details

Naveed Aslam
BioSystOmics 4424 Jim West Street, Bellaire, Texas 77401, USA.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/RRAB-V12/article/view/2740

Absorption of Macronutrients in Teleost | Chapter 6 | Current Approaches in Science and Technology Research Vol. 6

 Teleosts make good use of macronutrients to maintain growth, metabolism, and development. In general, small and solubilized nutrients released during compound dietary asset digestion within the digestive lumen are successively transported across the brush border membrane following a concentration gradient, either by simple diffusion or with the assistance of specific transporters that can carry nutrients across the membrane. regardless of the concentration gradient Nutrients are transported from the enterocytes to the circulatory system via the basolateral membrane. The purpose of this article is to bring together existing knowledge on the nutrient transporter systems of intestinal absorptive enterocytes from various teleost fishes under one umbrella. It was discovered that the fish's entire digestive tract was not equally capable of absorbing nutrients. Furthermore, several internal physiological as well as external chemical and environmental factors can influence teleost macronutrient absorption.

Author (S) Details

Mr. Sanjeet Debnath
Department of Zoology, Aquatic Ecology and Fish Biology Laboratory, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan, West Bengal- 731235, India.

Ms. Sangeeta Roy
Department of Zoology, Aquatic Ecology and Fish Biology Laboratory, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan, West Bengal- 731235, India.

Dr. Surjya Kumar Saikia
Department of Zoology, Aquatic Ecology and Fish Biology Laboratory, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan, West Bengal- 731235, India.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/CASTR-V6/article/view/1719

Nutritional Content of Vietnamese Edible Bird’s Nest from Selected Regions: A Recent Study | Chapter 7 | Current Research in Agricultural and Food Science Vol. 5

 The edible bird's nest is well-known as a health food and a traditional Chinese remedy. The saliva secretions of the swiftlets, genus Aerodramus, whose habitats include Southeast Asian countries, are used to make edible bird's nest (EBN). The nutritional makeup of EBN is thought to vary depending on geographical origin, climatic conditions, climates, and dietary availability. The nutritional composition of edible bird's nest from two different sources in Vietnam is reported in this study: house-farmed bird's nest (Long An and Kien Giang Provinces) and cave bird's nest (Khanh Hoa Province).

Methodology: Samples were taken from three separate locations in Vietnam. AOAC Official Method 2001.12 (2005), AOAC Official Method 986.25 (2012), and FAO (1986) were used to determine protein, fat, and carbohydrate levels, respectively. Meanwhile, Shimadzu gas chromatography with flame ionisation detector (GC-FID 2010) was used to analyse amino acids (EZ: faastTM USER'S MANUAL).

Protein (49.43 - 51.17 percent) was discovered to be the most abundant component in these edible bird's nests, followed by carbohydrate (36.93 - 38.53 percent) and fat (36.93 - 38.53 percent) (0.01 - 0.04 percent ). The house-farmed bird's nest had fifteen amino acids, seven of which were essential, whereas the cave bird's nest had seventeen amino acids, eight of which were essential. The principal amino acids discovered in both house-farmed and cave bird's nests were proline (3.68 - 4.69 percent), aspartic acid (3.58 - 4.52 percent), and serine (3.74 - 4.09 percent), with lysine being the lowest concentration (0.74 - 0.87 percent ). Only the cave bird's nest contained methionine and 4-hydroxyproline.

Author(s) Details

Than Thi My Linh
Department of Applied Biochemistry, School of Biotechnology, International University-Vietnam National University, Quarter 6, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.

Hoang Le Son
Department of Applied Biochemistry, School of Biotechnology, International University-Vietnam National University, Quarter 6, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.

Huynh Mai Minh Ai
School of Food technology, Industry University of Ho Chi Minh City, 12 Nguyen Van Bao, Ward 4, Go Vap District, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/CRAFS-V5/article/view/1137