Nutritional Value of Exogenous Enzyme Supplementation in the Utilization of Cassava Peel Meal- Based Diet by Broiler Finisher Chickens | Chapter 12 | Contemporary Research and Perspectives in Biological Science Vol. 3

 

The utilization of exogenous enzymes is a prevalent nutritional strategy in the poultry industry. However, their effectiveness when used in diets formulated with non-traditional agro-byproducts like cassava peel remains uncertain. From a practical standpoint, assessing the efficacy of these enzymes in such contexts is vital to achieving competitive performance outcomes while maintaining low production costs. This study assessed the supplemental value of exo-enzyme (Maxigrain®) in the utilization of cassava peel meal (CPM) by broiler finisher chickens in a 28-day feeding trial. Two hundred and forty, 4 weeks old Arbor acre broiler birds were randomly allocated to four experimental diets tagged as T1, T2, T3 and T4, which were formulated to replace maize at 0, 25, 50, and 75% inclusion levels respectively with supplementary enzyme (Maxigrain®). The birds were further subdivided into four replicates of ten birds each in a completely randomized design arrangement. At the end of the 4 weeks feeding trial, performance and carcass attribute indices were measured, while feces and blood samples were collected for nutrient digestibility and blood biochemical evaluations, respectively. Data on feed cost analysis were calculated using the prevailing current market price of feed ingredients. The result showed that average weight gain and feed intake were significantly affected (P<0.05) by dietary treatments. Birds on a 50% CPM enzyme diet had a significant (P<0.05) higher weight gain and feed intake followed by those on a 75% CPM diet as compared to the control group. Feed cost/kg weight gain significantly (P<0.05) decreased with increasing levels of enzyme-supplemented CPM. Profit margins generated were higher (P<0.05) in bird fed enzyme-treated CPM diet group. The apparent nutrient digestibility of the birds revealed a significant (P<0.05) variation in all parameters evaluated and increased with increasing levels of enzyme-supplemented CPM diets.  Also, all blood metabolites evaluated were significantly affected (p<0.05) by enzyme supplementation to CPM-based diseases except for WBC, globulin, creatinine and cholesterol. Enzyme supplementation produced no significant (p>0.05) effect on live weight, carcass weight and dress weight across the treatments, however, birds at 50% dietary level had the highest mean values compared to other treatment groups. The cut weights of the wing, breast, thigh, back, liver, GIT and kidney were significantly (P<0.05) affected by the dietary treatments. Therefore, enzyme supplementation improved performance, nutrient digestibility, and carcass characteristics of broiler finishers fed cassava peel meal-based diet without any adverse effect and 50% inclusion gave an optimum performance on carcass and organ traits.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Aguihe P.C

Department of Animal Production and Health Technology, Federal College of Wildlife Management, New Bussa, Niger State, Nigeria.

 

Ntagbu F.G.
Department of Animal Production and Health Technology, Federal College of Wildlife Management, New Bussa, Niger State, Nigeria.

 

Ilaboya I.I
Department of Animal Science, Benson Idahosa University, Benin, Edo State, Nigeria.

 

Ogialekhe P.
Department of Wildlife Management, Federal College of Wildlife Management, New Bussa, Niger State, Nigeria.

Wealth A. S
Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria, Jericho Hill, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria.

 

Ehielu R. O
Department of Animal Science, Benson Idahosa University, Benin, Edo State, Nigeria.

 

Okuna R

Department of Animal Science, Benson Idahosa University, Benin, Edo State, Nigeria.

 

Kehinde A.S
Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria, Jericho Hill, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/crpbs/v3/1746

VActinomycetes as Xylanase Producers: A Pathway towards Sustainable Future | Chapter 7 | Microbiology and Biotechnology Research: An Overview Vol. 2

Lignocellulosic biomass serves as a renewable raw resource. There has been increased industrial interest in leveraging this raw material through the advancement of new technologies. Various microbial enzymes interact with biomass to generate the desired products under optimal industrial conditions. Xylanases play a crucial role in breaking down the xylosidic bonds within the Xylan backbone of the biomass, and commercial enzymes are classified into distinct glycoside hydrolase families. Through genetic engineering, optimized xylanases can be developed: a novel xylanase is extracted from an extreme environment and subsequently genetically altered to enhance its applicability in industrial settings. Recombinant protein methods have enabled the engineering and production of thermostable xylanases in Actinomycetes. It has been tried to explore the biotechnological potential of xylanases derived from Actinomycetes and the techniques used for their optimization and expression in industrial applications.

 

Author (s) Details

Mrunal K. Bhatt
Department of Microbiology, Atmiya University, Rajkot, Gujarat- 360005, India.

 

Swati B. Khunt
Department of Microbiology, Atmiya University, Rajkot, Gujarat- 360005, India.

 

Unnati B. Yagnik
Department of Microbiology, Atmiya University, Rajkot, Gujarat- 360005, India.

 

Mousumi B. Das
Department of Microbiology, Atmiya University, Rajkot, Gujarat- 360005, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mbrao/v2/5105

Determining the Effect of Methadone on Lipid Profile, Serum Leptin, and Liver Enzymes Levels in Male and Female Rats| Chapter 6 | Current Topics on Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol. 8

 Background: Methadone support analysis (MMT) isas individual of best choice evidence-located and ultimate persuasive examined opioid replacement situations still, it concede possibility guide few unfavorable belongings. This study proposed to study the effect of Methadone on lipid characterization, antitoxin leptin and liver enzymes levels in male and female rats.Materials and Methods: In this exploratory study 41 Wistar rats measuring 200- 300gr were carelessly designated into four groups, containing two methadone situations and two control groups, male and female. They were verbally doctored accompanying methadonehydrochloride (5mg/kg) or rational salty (1cc) regularly for 8 weeks following (6 days in a period). All mammals were weighed newspaper. Fasting glucose (FBS) was calculated by glucometer, and ancestry samples were captured by cardiac puncture for lipid characterization (triglyceride, reduced-mass lipoprotein (LDL), extreme-mass lipoprotein (HDL), and total cholesterol), liver enzymes of antitoxin glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), antitoxin glutamicoxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), salty phosphatase (ALP) and leptin levels calculation following in position or time 12h abstaining.Results: One-way ANOVA presented no important dissimilarity in mean FBS, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and LDL levels with the four groups (p > 0.05). Moreover, HDL level was considerably lower in male methadone and male control groups than female methadone group (p=0.003), and skilled was a meaningful differencein liver enzymes between the four groups (p<0.05).Conclusion: According to our research, methadone situation can cause alterations in few metabolic variables that are neuter-weak.

Author(s) Details:

Zaligder Amir,
Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Science, Birjand, Iran.

Zarban Asghar,
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.

Sharifzadeh Gholamreza,
Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Department of Public Health, School of Health, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.

Hosseini Mehran,
Department of Anatomical Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.

Tahergorabi Zoya,
Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CTCB-V8/article/view/9349

Study on Purification and Some Properties of Endo-1,4-β-Glucanases of Trichoderma harzianum UzCF-28| Chapter 2 | Current Overview on Science and Technology Research Vol. 9

 The purpose concerning this study was to isolate, free, and study the biochemical properties of cellulolytic enzymes synthesised apiece Trichoderma harzianum UzCF-28 strain. During submerged cultivation in liquid civilization on modified Mandels fiber medium with wheat hay as a carbon beginning, strain UzCF-28 demonstrated high cellulolytic exercise. When enzyme exercise was studied dynamically for 10 days, maximum activity endo-1,4-β-glucanase (5.2 wholes/ml) and xylanase (7.65 units/ml) of the gelled waste detected after 3 days of culturing. High action of exo-1,4-β-glucanase was observed eventually 4 and was found to be 2.96 wholes/ml. As a result of purification by precipitation accompanying ammonium sulfate and further ion exchange chromatography, two isoforms of endo-1,4-β-glucanase-EG II and EG III with microscopic weight of 135 and 75 kDa respectively were told. The pH optimum for EG I and EG III was 4.5, while EG II was 4.7, however the substrate used—CMC or "Whatman filter" paper.  Heating up to 40oC of EG III acted not result in allure inactivation, but rather increased allure activity by in addition three times when compared to the beginning activity of the substance causing chemicals to split into simpler substances, indicating that the thermostability of EG III among proven enzymes varied considerably.

Author(s) Details:

N. Sh. Azimova,
Institute of Microbiology of Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Tashkent, Republic of Uzbekistan.

Kh. M. Khamidova,
Institute of Microbiology of Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Tashkent, Republic of Uzbekistan.

M. B. Djumagulov,
Institute of Microbiology of Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Tashkent, Republic of Uzbekistan.

Z. S. Shakirov,
Institute of Microbiology of Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Tashkent, Republic of Uzbekistan.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/COSTR-V9/article/view/8759

Effect of Ethanolic Extract of Solanum torvum Leaf on Liver of Treated Rats: A recent study approach| Chapter 4 | Challenges and Advances in Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 5

 

 In conventional medicine, the plant solanum torvum is frequently employed. This study's objective was to assess how treated Wistar rats' livers responded to an ethanol extract of Solanum torvum leaf. S. torvum leaves that had just been collected were shade-dried and milled into a fine powder. ethanol was macerated with 500 g of powdered plant material for 72 hours. Wistar adult male rats weighing between 150 and 200 g were administered the extract. Following the slaughter of the animals, blood and tissue samples were collected, extracted, and analysed in accordance with procedure. The results of this investigation show that administration of an aqueous extract of S. torvum increased levels of total and conjugated bilirubin as well as liver enzyme activity in a dose-dependent manner. However, there was no change in the levels of conjugated and total bilirubin or the enzyme activity between the 100 mg/kg of S. torvum extract and the control (P>0.05). Conclusion: Solanum torvum, which is typically thought to be safe for human ingestion, may actually be hepatotoxic at large quantities.

Author(s) Details:

Nweke Elizabeth Obioma,
Department of Human Anatomy, Chukwuemeka Odumekwu Ojukwu University, Uli, Nigeria.

Nwizu Olive Ogechi,
Department of Human Anatomy, Chukwuemeka Odumekwu Ojukwu University, Uli, Nigeria.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CAPR-V5/article/view/7772

Study on Biochemical Preparation of Natural and Rare Carbohydrate (Pentoses) | Chapter 1 | Challenges and Advances in Chemical Science Vol. 7

 Unnatural or unusual monosaccharides can be produced via biochemical processes, which are mainly microbial or enzymatic. By fermenting D-glucose with Candida famata R28, D-arabitol was generated. Acetobacter aceti IFO 3281 may manufacture D-xylulose from D-arabitol. Using L-ribose isomerase, D-lyxose was generated enzymatically from D-xylulose (L-RI). Ribitol is a kind of ribitol.  Microbial bioconversion with Acetobacter aceti IFO 3281 oxidised the glucose to L-ribulose, while the enzyme D-tagatose-3-epimerase epimerized the glucose to L-xylulose. The isomerization of L-RI yielded L-Lyxose. Furthermore, biochemically, L-ribose and L-arabinose were produced from ribitol by oxidation with Acetobacter aceti IFO 3281 and isomerization with L-RI and L-arabinose isomerase. (L-AI) and (L-AI), respectively. Bioconversions of cells or enzymes can also yield other pentoses. This research is significant in terms of rare sugar preparation and relevance.

Author (s) Details

Dr. Zakaria Ahmed
Microbiology Department, Technology Wing, Bangladesh Jute Research Institute, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Dr. Shuranjan Sarkar
Industrial Chemistry Department, Chemistry Division, Technology Wing, Bangladesh Jute Research Institute, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Dr. Taslima Rahman
Microbiology Department, Technology Wing, Bangladesh Jute Research Institute, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/CACS-V7/article/view/5167

A Proposal for a Cancer Treatment Study Involving Radioactive Metal Co-factor Enzymes | Chapter 1 | Highlights on Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 15

 Cancer is a terrible medical illness in which abnormal cells form tumours in the tissues or organs of the body. Cancer cells have a high need for energy, protein (cell structural substrates), and metabolic enzyme activity due to their rapid metabolism. Cancer cells' metabolic functions will be impeded, and their growth will be reduced or even prevented, if the body does not respond adequately to this requirement. Stopping the supply of energy and cell structure substrates, inhibiting enzymic activity, and/or eliminating cancer cells using external agents (such as radiation and/or chemicals) are all methods that can be used to manage the metabolic processes of malignant tumours. These methods have been tested in single and combined modes, but the results have so far fallen short of expectations. In this study, we suggest a cancer treatment technique that involves breaking down the structure of a metal co-factor enzyme and deactivating its catalytic function using a radioisotope rather than a stable metal. With careful selection of the metal radioisotope, this method can execute all of the above-mentioned approaches while also providing much improved cancer therapy efficacy.

Author (s) Details

Luyen Van Tran
Vietnam Atomic Energy Commission (VAEC) Hanoi, Vietnam.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/HMMS-V15/article/view/2462

Process Fermentation of Filtrate Bamboo with Saccharomyces Cerevisiae and Zymomonas Mobilis: An Advance Study | Chapter 13 | Current Advances in Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol. 6

 Fermentation is the process of producing ethanol from glucose through the use of enzymes. Bamboo is one of the materials containing a high concentration of glucose, which has been hydrolyzed in advance. Bamboo is used when the hydrolysis process of bamboo does not include lignin and the pentose is done as a pretreatment process rather than lignification. The goal of this study is to produce ethanol as a bioethanol raw material substitution, using the pentose and dirt left in the bamboo. As a result, in the future, the best process, that we used biological processes that can optimize the production of ethanol, must be studied. The enzyme (Saccharomyces Cerevisiae and Saccharomyces Cerevisiae) was used. The process of producing ethanol from glucose using enzymes is known as fermentation. Bamboo is one of the materials that has been hydrolyzed in advance and contains a high concentration of glucose. Bamboo is used when the bamboo hydrolysis process does not include lignin and the pentose is applied as a pretreatment process rather than lignification. The goal of this research is to produce ethanol as a bioethanol raw material replacement using the pentose and dirt left in the bamboo. As a result, the best process, that we used biological processes to optimize ethanol production, must be studied in the future. The enzymatic (Saccharomyces Cerevisiae and Saccharomyces Cerevisiae)

Author (s) Details

N. K. Sari
Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional “Veteran” Jawa Timur, East Java, Indonesia.

D. Ernawati
Department of Industry Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional “Veteran” Jawa Timur, East Java, Indonesia.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/CACB-V6/article/view/1445

Enzyme and Lectin Relationships in Cell Biology (Not Only Microbiology But Also Mammals and Plants) | Chapter 12 | Recent Progress in Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol. 5

 Inter- and intramolecular relationships and directions in co-functioning lectins and enzymes are identified and ordered. The regularities of these relationships are highlighted and used as additional parameters for lectins and lectinic enzymes that are “true.” The findings point to the significance and potential of lectin-enzyme/ enzyme-lectin relationships in molecular and clinical cell biology, microbiology, medical biotechnology, and industry (enzyme-biotics as lectins, lectin-biotics as enzymes, lectin-enzyme complexes and assemblies with controlled specificities). Relationships between lectins and enzymes provide a larger platform/base for further research and development of advanced multi-functional agents that influence an organism's interactome and support medical and biotech developments.

Author (s) Details

Vladimir Lakhtin
Department of Medical Biotechnology, G.N. Gabrichevsky Institute for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, Russia.

Mikhail Lakhtin
Department of Medical Biotechnology, G.N. Gabrichevsky Institute for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, Russia.

Valeriy Davydkin
Department of Medical Biotechnology, G.N. Gabrichevsky Institute for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, Russia.

Vladimir Alyoshkin
Department of Medical Biotechnology, G.N. Gabrichevsky Institute for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, Russia.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/RPMB-V5/article/view/875

Bioluminescence of Symbiont Bacteria in Marine Life | Chapter 1 | Current Research Trends in Biological Science Vol.4

 

Bioluminescence is a natural phenomenon found in living things that emit light without emitting heat.
Bioluminescence can be produced in three ways, namely from special photocytes cells, glands in
tissues, and luminescent bacteria that are symbiotic to the host. Bioluminescence in Loligo sp and
Harpadon nehereus is known to originate from luminescent bacteria which are symbiotic in
luminescent organs. However, information about symbiotic bacteria in other types of luminescence
biota and its potential in Indonesian waters has not been widely explored. This study aims to
determine the potential of luminescence symbiotic bacteria in Loligo sp. and Loligo edulis from Jepara
waters and Harpadon nehereus from the Malacca Strait waters, Indonesia as an anti-bacterial agent
and to prove differences in the luminescence proteins produced by symbiotic bacteria and their hosts.
Sample collection is done by isolating the bacteria from luminescent organs which are then used as
research samples. The study was conducted using a qualitative activity test on pathogenic bacteria
and analysis of SDS-PAGE electrophoresis protein in bacteria and its host. The study found 2 isolates
of luminescent symbiotic bacteria that were potential as antibacterial agents against Multi Drug
resistant (MDR) pathogens of Escherichia coli, with inhibition zones of 32.59 mm and of Enterobacter
sp.5 with inhibition zones of 28.44 mm. Luminescent symbiotic bacteria of L. edulis have the potential
to be antibacterial agent against Vibrio harveyi, E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus sp.
Analysis of H. nehereus symbiotic bacteria showed gamma hemolytic in blood agar test. Protein
analysis of SDS-PAGE electrophoresis showed that the enzymes found insymbionic bacteria were
different from the enzymes in their host.

Author (s) Details

Prof. Dr. Delianis Pringgenies,
Department of Marine Sciences, Faculty of Fishery and Marine Sciences, Diponegoro University, Tembalang Campus, Semarang, Indonesia.

Kartika Dewi
Department of Marine Sciences, Faculty of Fishery and Marine Sciences, Diponegoro University, Tembalang Campus, Semarang, Indonesia.

Pramita Apriliyani
Department of Marine Sciences, Faculty of Fishery and Marine Sciences, Diponegoro University, Tembalang Campus, Semarang, Indonesia.

View Book :- http://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/268