Circadian Rhythm of the Electrical Stability of the Rat Myocardium during Hyperventilation | Chapter 3 | Contemporary Research and Perspectives in Biological Science Vol. 5

Objective: Respiratory alkalosis is an extremely common and complicated problem affecting virtually every organ system of which the etiology may be associated with pulmonary or cardiovascular disorders. However, few studies have addressed the day/night rhythm of the effect of hyperventilation on the cardiovascular system. As such, the aim of the present study was to characterize the circadian rhythm of the electrical stability of the rat heart under hyperventilatory conditions.

Methods: Circadian rhythms of the electrical stability of the heart, measured according to ventricular arrhythmia threshold (VAT), were followed during normal artificial ventilation in a control group (respiratory rate, 40 breaths/min; tidal volume, 1 mL/100g [n=17]) and during hyperventilation (respiratory rate, 80 breaths/min; tidal volume 2 mL/100 g [n=7]) in female Wistar rats anesthetized with pentobarbital (40 mg/kg, administered intraperitoneally), after 4 weeks’ adaptation to a light (12 h)/dark (12 h) regimen (40%–60% humidity, temperature 24°C, 2 animals per cage with ad libitum access to food and water), with the dark period from 18:00 h to 06:00 h. Results are expressed as mean ± standard deviation. The basic circadian parameters were assessed using single and population mean cosinor tests.

Results: Under normoxic conditions, the 24 h course of VAT exhibited the highest susceptibility of the rat ventricular myocardium to arrhythmias between 12:00 h and 15:00 h, and the highest resistance between 19:20 h and 00:28 h (acrophase, -338° [in time at 22:53 h], with confidence intervals from -288° to -7° [19:20 h to 00:28 h]). The mean mesor (± SD) and amplitude were 2.59 ± 0.53 mA and           0.33 ± 0.11 mA, respectively. Nonsignificant hyperventilation increased the VAT at each interval of the measurement but did not alter the characteristics of circadian rhythm. Acrophase was on -40° (02:40 h), mesor was increased (2.91 mA), and amplitude was decreased (0.13 mA).

Conclusion: Although hyperventilation insignificantly increased the electrical stability of the heart compared with values during normal pulmonary ventilation during the entire 24-hour period, results demonstrated that hyperventilation probably only modulated―but did not disturb―the circadian rhythm of the electrical stability of the heart in pentobarbital-anaesthetized female Wistar rats. These results affirm that light/dark cycle-related differences are not merely transient or procedure dependent, but are a systematic response caused by distinct neurohumoral regulation during the light and dark periods of the day, and also occur under pentobarbital anesthesia.

 

Author (s) Details

Pavol Svorc
Department of Physiology, Medical Faculty, Safarik University, Kosice, Slovak Republic.

 

Alexander Marossy
Department of Physiology, Medical Faculty, Safarik University, Kosice, Slovak Republic.

 

Pavol Svorc Jr
Department of Physiology, Medical Faculty, Ostrava University, Ostrava, Czech Republic.

 

Viktoria Kapsdorferova
Department of Physiology, Medical Faculty, Safarik University, Kosice, Slovak Republic.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/crpbs/v5/2914

Characteristic Features and Neuroendocrine Regulation of Estrous Cycle in Rodents: New Formulation for Calculation | Chapter 6 | Contemporary Research and Perspectives in Biological Science Vol. 8

Aim: The present review aims to provide detailed information about the Phases, characteristic features, and neuroendocrine regulation of the estrous cycle in rodents.

Background and Methodology: The estrous cycle is the sequential events of the reproductive cycle in mammals other than primates (menstrual cycle). The short length of the estrous cycle of female rodents makes them ideal for investigating changes occurring during the reproductive cycle. The estrous cycle in rodents lasts 4-5 days and has 4 phases, proestrus, estrus, metestrus, and diestrus. These phases of the estrous cycle are determined based on the proportion of three different types of cells i.e., leukocytes, nucleated epithelial cells, and cornified epithelial cells present in the vaginal secretions. Microscopic evaluation of these cells present in vaginal smears is the most accepted way of assessing of estrous cycle. The duration and relative proportion of these cell types vary among species. Besides, cyclic ovarian function is under the control of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian (HPG) axis. The hypophyseal gonadotrophs responding to gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), synthesize and release luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), which induce ovarian folliculogenesis, ovulation and formation of corpus luteum (CL). Greatest GnRH release triggers the preovulatory surge of gonadotropins on the afternoon of proestrus, subsequently plasma estrogen level reaches a peak which stimulates a small surge in FSH followed by a marked surge of progesterone. Ovulation occurs during estrus where females are highly receptive to males. Further, mammals are classified based on ovulation patterns as coitus-induced ovulators and spontaneous ovulators. The rats and mice come under the category of spontaneous ovulators. Species whose estrous period is confined to a certain period of the year are referred to as seasonal breeders.

Comparative Account and New Formulation: The present review attempts to provide a comparative account of phases of estrous cyclicity among laboratory mammals, viz. mice, rats and hamsters, and comparative aspects of estrous cyclicity in these mammals, and its neuroendocrine regulation. This report brings out various methodologies, comparisons, and details of formulations utilized in earlier studies to calculate the estrous cyclicity among multiple groups.

Conclusion: This is the first review demonstrating a new formulation for evaluating the estrous cyclicity parameters, unveiling a precise and accurate formula to calculate the duration of different phases of the estrous cycle during the experimental period in mice. The details of this protocol can be utilized as a reproductive index for spontaneous ovulating mammals.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Praveenkumar S. Kondaguli
Molecular Endocrinology, Reproduction and Development Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Karnatak University, Dharwad 580 003, India.

 

Vani, V
Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics Department, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India.

 

Chaitra R. Sharma
Molecular Endocrinology, Reproduction and Development Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Karnatak University, Dharwad 580 003, India.

 

Laxmi S. Inamdar (Doddamani)
Molecular Endocrinology, Reproduction and Development Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Karnatak University, Dharwad 580 003, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/crpbs/v8/3434

Metabolic Syndrome can be Prevented by Physical Training and Diet Containing Solanum aethiopicum Shum Fruit | Chapter 3 | Solanum aethiopicum Shum, an Example of the Richness of the Food and Therapeutic Heritage of a Continent in a Country, Cameroon, Africa in Miniature, Edition 1

Two-thirds of the global disease can be attributable to metabolic syndrome and its complications. The bioenergetic response of regular physical exercise and a diet rich in foods with a low glycaemic index appears to be an excellent way of combating metabolic syndrome. This study was carried out to investigate the effects of twenty days of continuous endurance training and a diet containing Solanum aethiopicum Shum fruit (SASF) consumption on metabolic syndrome prevention. Twenty-four Wistar male rats were grouped (6 per group) according to the physical training and SASF feeding: group 1 (control), group 2 (trained and consumed), group 3 (trained), and group 4 (consumed). Parameters of nutritional behaviour, stomach wall weight and obesity biomarkers were recorded. The animals fed on a diet containing SASF showed a significant decrease in total cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL-cholesterol, and an increase in HDL-cholesterol and testosterone. The statistical analyses were performed with the Statgraphics Plus version 5.0 software, using one-way ANOVA with the statistical significance set at the probability lower than 0.05 levels. From animals submitted to endurance training only, a significant decrease in total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol and an increase in testosterone, without statistical changes in HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides was observed. The rats were physically trained and fed on an experimental diet containing SASF limited body and abdominal wall weights, improved lipid profile and testosterone towards obesity prevention. With regard to the control group, in this present study, endurance exercise and diet containing SASF may be used to prevent metabolic syndrome. SASF could be potentially used to induce muscle mass increase, strength and improvement of fat catabolism. The study concluded that the promotion of durable health could depend on adapted physical exercises and a diet containing raw vegetables with low glycaemic index.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Valentin Desire Guiama
Laboratory of Motricity and Health, University of Ngaoundere, Cameroon and Laboratory of Food Biochemistry and Technology, University of Ngaoundere, Cameroon.

 

Juliette Koube
Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Douala, Cameroon.

 

Esther Ngah
Laboratory of Food Biochemistry and Technology, University of Ngaoundere, Cameroon and Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, National Advanced School of Agro-Industrial Sciences, University of Ngaoundere, P.O. Box 454, Ngaoundere, Cameroon.

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mono/978-93-48859-15-0/CH3

Insulin Resistance Contributes to Neuroinflammation, Cognitive Decline and Brain Senescence in Congenic Obese LA/Ntul//-cp Rats | Chapter 9 | Advancement and New Understanding in Medical Science Vol. 7

Search for a suitable an animal model may prove to be more productive to determine if insulin resistance and its direct metabolic sequelae might be significant co-contributors to the neuronal declines that occur in NIDDM, obesity, and progression of dementia conditions. The burgeoning prevalence of obesity and overweight conditions from the age of adolescence and throughout the lifespan has reached epidemic proportions in industrialized nations throughout the globe. One of the most prevalent findings in obesity is the emergence of insulin resistance, which is linked to both a persistent inflammatory state and systemic hypoxia in adipose tissue. Insulin resistance impacts several aspects of substrate oxidation and oxidative free radical production in brain and somatic tissues, and it is likely that adipose tissue depots are the source of cytokine-linked chronic inflammation. In studies with aging congenic lean and obese rats chronic hyperinsulinemia and brain shrinkage has now been reported, albeit it in the absence of Type 2 diabetes (NIDDM), hypertension (HTN) or other comorbidities, thereby suggesting that aspects of disordered substrate metabolism including insulin resistance as commonly observed in obesity may be a key contributory factor in the development of a neuroinflammatory linked brain shrinkage with accompanying decreases in brain mass, protein and DNA content, and which were further compromised when fed an isocaloric high vs. a low glycemic insulinogenic diet containing sucrose vs. cornstarch respectively. These findings imply that in this strain of obese rats, chronic insulin resistance due to obesity, which is at least partially caused by dietary variables, is a plausible independent risk factor in the development of neuroinflammation, DNA damage, brain shrinkage, and neural senescence.

Author(s) Details:

Orien L. Tulp,
Colleges of Medicine and Graduate Studies, University of Science Arts and Technology, Montserrat, British West Indies, MSR1110 and the Einstein Medical Institute, North Palm Beach, FL 33409, USA.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ANUMS-V7/article/view/13427

Determining the Effect of High Carbohydrate Diets on Brain Composition and Senescence in Aging Hyperinsulinemic Obese LA/Ntul//-cp Rats | Chapter 12 | Novel Research Aspects in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 2

 This division determine the effect of corpulent phenotype and the carbohydrate type resulted in alterations in intellect composition in the corpulent phenotype of the congenic LA/Ntul//-cp rat, groups (n= 8 rats/group) of male littermate lean and corpulent rats were fed standardized isocaloric diets holding 54% (w/w) cornstarch (ST diet) or 54% (w/w) sucrose (SUC diet) from 1 just before 10.5 ± 0.5 months of age. Malnutrition is a extensive global public health issue that donates to several able to be consumed-related non-able to be contracted illnesses. In reduced-income nations, adult food is frequently missed. In low- and middle-proceeds nations, both two-fold malnutrition (over and undernutrition) and food transition survive. The current popular emphasis on liquid produced by mammals diets has resulted in an upwards shift in abstinence from food carbohydrate use. The strain's obese phenotype exhibits hypertrophic-hyperplastic obesity all along early postweaning development and early beginning chronic hyperinsulinemia outside NIDDM. The total fat, protein, and DNA of typical aliquots of dissected brain tissues were resolved. When fed the SUC meat as opposed to the ST diet, frame weights of obese >> lean mammals were higher in both genotypes. In rats augment the SUC diet compared to the ST diet, intellect mass was a little smaller in lean individuals distinguished to fat individuals. Brain total Protein and DNA content of lean rats were > corpulent rats and were modestly Lower in SUC than ST augment rats in both phenotypes, but the percent of lipid content was equivalent to brain bulk. The decreased intelligence mass was characterized by balanced decreases in total lipid, brain protein and intellect DNA content and were further impaired when augment the insulinogenic sucrose diet. Total body fat bulk of obese was considerably greater than happen in lean littermates and was only modestly better in SUC than ST fed rats in both phenotypes. These results signify that brain development and cellular growth is impaired in the aging, hyperinsulinemia-likely obese phenotype concerning this strain, were further impaired when augment SUC than ST diets, and the decreased brain limits were likely associated with happening of a chronic neuronal angering syndrome common to overdone fat accretion and corpulence, resulting in impulsive brain senescence.

Author(s) Details:

Orien L. Tulp,
Colleges of Medicine and Graduate Studies, University of Science Arts and Technology, Montserrat, MSR1110, British West Indies and The Einstein Medical Institute, NPB, Florida-34040, USA.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NRAMMS-V2/article/view/11843

Therapeutic Potential of a Novel Polyherbal Formulation: Assessments in Exogenous and Endogenous Dyslipidemia Models | Chapter 9| Current Progress in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 5

 This episode was designed to judge the effects of a novel herbal cure called “GANMO” on experimental subject models. Dyslipidemia refers to the excess rank of fatty substances containing cholesterol, triglyceride, low-mass lipoprotein (LDL-C), and decreased extreme-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in the bloodstream. In this study, we secondhand Propylthiouracil (Rieserstat®)50mg, Cholesterol (Merk-Germany), Acid Cholic, Poloxamer 407, (Sigma–Singapore), Atorvastatin 10mg (Stellapharm J.V. Co., Ltd), Peanut oil (Vietnam). Our finding accompanied that TG concentration raised substantially by 6.8-fold, TC levels and non-HDL-C concentrations raised by 2.9-fold and 4.1-fold respectively. Base on the success of the P-407 inferred hyperlipidemia model, the effects of the GANMO capsule could be judged precisely. GANMO significantly discounted serum total cholesterol (TC) and non-extreme-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) levels in two together models at both doses when compared to the model group. Rats likely high doses of GANMO had greater levels of HDL cholesterol than rats given reduced doses.  GANMO at both doses diminished substantially TG level in the endogenous hyperlipidemia model. In conclusion, GANMO tablets formal a positive effect on antitoxin lipid modulations in dyslipidemia models.

Author(s) Details:

Pham Ba Tuyen,

Traditional Medicine Hospital, Ministry of Public Security, Hanoi, Vietnsam.

Truong Thi Huyen,

Traditional Medicine Hospital, Ministry of Public Security, Hanoi, Vietnsam.

Dinh Thi Thu Hang,

Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam.

Pham Thi Van Anh,

Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CPMMR-V5/article/view/11389

Brainstem Projections of the Dorsolateral Hypothalamic Area | Chapter 3 | New Advances in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 9

 This unit highlights about Brainstem projections of the dorsolateral hypothalamic district. The dorsolateral hypothalamic area (DLH) covers a nearly large, but not rigidly outlined extent in the posterior part of the hypothalamus. This area longers rostrocaudally from the level of the caudal facet of the paraventricular nucleus (about 2.4 mm posterior to the bregma level, in adult rats) until the level of the posterior end of the third ventricle (3.4 mm posterior to the bregma). The dorsolateral hypothalamic area maybe divided into 3 fields (dorsomedial hypothalamus, perifornical area, sideways hypothalamic area), and further subdivided into 8 subdivisions. After unilateral stereotaxic injections of biotinylated dextran amine (BDA) into individual DLH subdivisions, the allocation patterns of BDA-positive fibers were plan on serial portions between the hypothalamus and sleep-inducer cord in 22 rats. BDA-described fibers were observable over 100 various brainstem areas, nuclei or subdivisions. Each DLH subdivisions settled distinct terrestrial patterns, however mainly the density of labeled fibers was reduced in the lower brainstem. The present findings reinforce a significant portion of the dossier reported about the especially of touch pattern of the dorsolateral hypothalamus (DLH) to the lower brainstem in general, the judgment of the projections of the 8 individual subgroups provides us new facts. No definitive downward BDA-positive road, but long-run solitaire BDA-branded fibers were seen. Some of the major tracts or fasciculi in the brainstem were related by these descending fibers. Only 4 of the 116 positions had high texture densities: the Barrington's and pedunculopontine tegmental nuclei, and the ventrolateral and lateral portions of the periaqueductal muted silver in color. Knowing the precise neighborhoods of their neuronal inputs is important for understanding in what way or manner the lower brainstem functions because it holds significant instinctive and autonomic supervisory areas and nuclei, the reticular establishment, central noradrenaline and epinephrine neurons (including premotor responsive ones), and serotonin-meaning raphe nuclei. Some of the tegmental nuclei and nuclei of the reticular composition were widely innervated, although the bulk of the BDA-labeled fibers was mainly low.

Author(s) Details:

Rege Sugárka Papp,
Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University, Budapest H-1094, Hungary and Human Brain Tissue Bank and Laboratory, Semmelweis University, Budapest H-1094, Hungary.

Miklós Palkovits,
Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University, Budapest H-1094, Hungary and Human Brain Tissue Bank and Laboratory, Semmelweis University, Budapest H-1094, Hungary.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NAMMS-V9/article/view/11168

Epigenetic Expression of Brown and White Tissue Development and Thermogenesis in the Wistar Fatty Rat | Chapter 6 | Research Developments in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 4

 The basic physiologic function of brown fatty tissue (BAT) is immediately known to provide  to processes of energy payment in the form of heat in response to alterations in diet and surroundings. BAT depots have been noted in cadaveric examples by anatomists for hundreds of age and is now famous to be a basic peripheral fabric in the expression of non-shaking thermogenesis in answer to perturbations in diet and environment in homeothermic class including brother and animals. The Wistar Fatty Rat (WFR) is an animal model of corpulence, insulin resistance (IR) and NIDDM and expresses the (-fa) corpulence trait in an NIH/Wistar practice. This stain has been connected to NIDDM and an impaired hot response to diet and atmosphere parameters in the corpulent phenotype. From 22 to 30 weeks of age, groups of lean and corpulent male WFR rats were kept in dangling wire-depend steel cages and augment a nutritionally complete diet containing 54% CHO as equal parts cornstarch (ST) and and oxygen (SUC) (50:60 w/w) plus vitamins, minerals, fiber, and essential micronutrients. Body burden was measured, and inactive and norepinephrine-stimulated VO2 were determined. Animals were sacrificed by killing and the Interscapular BAT depot (IBAT) and basic white fatty tissue (WAT) depots removed in their entirety for measures of heaviness including adipocyte capacity and number per IBAT and WAT depots. Obese people had considerably higher definitive body weights, net weight gain, and relative weight than lean people during the whole of the study, with defeater in competition increase in WAT cell lipid content and adipocyte number in the VRP station. IBAT cell number, container lipid content of IBAT tissues and IBAT:BW ratio of corpulent >> lean littermates. Fasting glucose was identical in both phenotypes, but abstaining insulin and the Insulin: Glucose (I: G) ratios were greatly elevated in corpulent+NIDDM animals. Resting VO2 and the thermic answer to NE of lean >> Obese+NIDDM. A robust NE answer in plasma hydrogen concentrations occurred in two together phenotypes following NE with defeater in competition increase in the obese+NIDDM phenotype. The verdicts of this study imply that, while the development of IBAT and WAT bulk and cellularity became embellished via hyperplasia and hypertrophy in the corpulent-NIDDM animals, the superimposition of early eating disorder and the NIDDM stigmata which likely contains the development of meaningful IR is a contributing determinant. The elevations in I: G and IR of the Obese+NIDDM phenotype may further simplify adipocyte hyperplasia and hypertrophy in both WAT and BAT depots and concede possibility further compromise the capacity of the corpulent diabetic animals to sufficiently express BAT-mediated gifts to NST. Furthermore, increased BAT bulk and cellularity in Obese+NIDDM patients was not a trustworthy predictor of warm responses to diet and environment.

Author(s) Details:

Orien L. Tulp,
University of Science Arts and Technology, Olveston, Montserrat, BWI, MSR1110, USA.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RDMMS-V4/article/view/9835

Effects of Acarbose on Luminal Carbohydrate Uptake, Energy Intake, and Plasma Glycemic and Lipid Profiles in Wistar Fatty Rats | Chapter 5 | Research Developments in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 4

 The incessant ingestion of insulinogenic plain carbohydrate food can impede glycemic and lipid parameters in father and animals and cause the development of pathophysiologic result. To determine the belongings of modulation of luminal hydrogen uptake on plasma glycemic and lipid sketches, groups of adult male lean and obese+NIDDM Wistar Fatty Rats were augment nutritionally complete diets where the oxygen was provided as blanched cornstarch (CS), sucrose (SU), or the SU diet holding an admixture of the luminal α-glucosidase inhibitor compound acarbose (ACB, 150 mg/kg diet) from 22 to 30 weeks adult.  Measures of body pressure, caloric intake, abstaining Insulin to glucose (I: G) percentages, and plasma cholesterol (CHOL), triglyceride (TG) and Alpha (LDL) and Beta (HDL) Lipoprotein concentrations were persistent after 8 weeks of the dietary regime. The obese+NIDDM phenotype had greater food consumption and weight gain than the lean phenotype, that increased accompanying the SU diet. Weight gains in lean and obese+NIDDM rats augment the SU+ACB diet were comparable to those in rats of the same phenotype augment the ST diet. Fasting I:G ratios in Obese+NIDDM rats were above in ST fed rats augment the ACB diet. Plasma CHOL and TG concentrations were higher in two together sexes of obese+NIDDM rats, and ACB was accompanying with modest decreases in CHOL concentrations in two together lean and obese+NIDDM rats. The ACB had no negative reactions in either phenotype. These findings plan that luminal inhibition of oxygen digestion by way of -glucoside inhibition was linked to betterings in I:G ratios and skin lipid profiles corresponding to those seen accompanying the complex CHO ST diet, and that maybe a safe and useful help in the treatment of hydrogen intolerant states.

Author(s) Details:

Orien L. Tulp,
University of Science, Arts and Technology, Olveston, Montserrat, BWI. MSR1110, USA.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RDMMS-V4/article/view/9834

Determining the Effect of Methadone on Lipid Profile, Serum Leptin, and Liver Enzymes Levels in Male and Female Rats| Chapter 6 | Current Topics on Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol. 8

 Background: Methadone support analysis (MMT) isas individual of best choice evidence-located and ultimate persuasive examined opioid replacement situations still, it concede possibility guide few unfavorable belongings. This study proposed to study the effect of Methadone on lipid characterization, antitoxin leptin and liver enzymes levels in male and female rats.Materials and Methods: In this exploratory study 41 Wistar rats measuring 200- 300gr were carelessly designated into four groups, containing two methadone situations and two control groups, male and female. They were verbally doctored accompanying methadonehydrochloride (5mg/kg) or rational salty (1cc) regularly for 8 weeks following (6 days in a period). All mammals were weighed newspaper. Fasting glucose (FBS) was calculated by glucometer, and ancestry samples were captured by cardiac puncture for lipid characterization (triglyceride, reduced-mass lipoprotein (LDL), extreme-mass lipoprotein (HDL), and total cholesterol), liver enzymes of antitoxin glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), antitoxin glutamicoxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), salty phosphatase (ALP) and leptin levels calculation following in position or time 12h abstaining.Results: One-way ANOVA presented no important dissimilarity in mean FBS, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and LDL levels with the four groups (p > 0.05). Moreover, HDL level was considerably lower in male methadone and male control groups than female methadone group (p=0.003), and skilled was a meaningful differencein liver enzymes between the four groups (p<0.05).Conclusion: According to our research, methadone situation can cause alterations in few metabolic variables that are neuter-weak.

Author(s) Details:

Zaligder Amir,
Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Science, Birjand, Iran.

Zarban Asghar,
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.

Sharifzadeh Gholamreza,
Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Department of Public Health, School of Health, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.

Hosseini Mehran,
Department of Anatomical Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.

Tahergorabi Zoya,
Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CTCB-V8/article/view/9349

An Experimental Rat Model of Acute Pancreatitis and the Effect of Apigenin| Chapter 10 | New Horizons in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 11

 By assessing the levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-18 (IL-18), resistin (R), and CD45 in blood and high mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) in intestinal tissue using a rat experimental model, the study's goal was to determine the impact of apigenin (AP) on acute pancreatitis (ACP). We employed 126 male Wistar rats and put them into three groups: Apigenin (A), Control (C), and Sham (S) (Ap). The abdominal wall was closed and a laparotomy was performed on the S group. The pancreatic duct was severed to cause acute pancreatitis in the C group. After ACP was introduced, AP was given to the apigenin group. We gathered blood and intestinal tissue. Following AP delivery, intestinal tissue levels of HMGB1 and CD45 as well as IL-6 and IL-18 in the blood were reduced. R, however, continued to be at low levels in the Ap group. In an animal model of bilio-pancreatic duct ligation, AP therapy appears to preserve serum and intestinal parameters, reducing the severity of ACP. Giving this material to people might thus lessen the harm done to the organs that are afflicted in the early stages of ACP.

Author(s) Details:

Sovatzidis Apostolos,
Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandoupolis, 68100-Greece.

Oikonomou Panagoula,
Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandoupolis, 68100-Greece and  Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis-68100 Greece.

Nikolaidou Eirini,
Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery & Burns ICU, General Hospital of Thessaloniki “G. Papanikolaou”, Thessaloniki, 57010-Greece.

Lambropoulou Maria,
Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, 68100-Greece.

Papachristou Fotini,
Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, 68100-Greece.

Papalois Apostolos,
Educational and Research Center ELPEN, 19009- Greece.

Tsalikidis Christos,
Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandoupolis, 68100-Greece and Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis-68100 Greece.

Tsaroucha K. Alexandra,
Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandoupolis, 68100-Greece and Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis-68100 Greece and Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, 68100-Greece.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NHMMR-V11/article/view/7145

Approach to Early Detection and Management of Kidney Disease | Chapter 8 | Technological Innovation in Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 6

 The effectiveness of glomerular filtration is measured by serum urea (sU), which is generated in the liver, and serum creatinine (sCr), which is a breakdown product of muscle cells. Both sU and sCr have low predictive accuracy for renal injury, especially in the early stages of kidney disease, because they are evaluated when 60-70 percent of nephrons have already been damaged and kidney diseases have progressed to the point where dialysis or kidney transplantation are the only options. As a result, individuals face a variety of health issues as they approach death. As a result, early diagnosis of kidney injury using direct kidney injury markers, renal tubule injury markers, and proteomic genomic markers of kidney disorders from both urine and serum, as well as alternative treatment strategies for kidney disease management using medicinal plants, is now more important than ever. Tubular damage markers, such as KIM-1, proteomic and genomic markers from the proximal nephron, kidney functional markers, such as cystatin C, and oxidative stress markers, such as Malon di aldehyde (MDA), alpha Glutathione S Transferase (alpha GST). When renal tubules are stressed and wounded, key mediators such as IL-18, KIM-1, cystatin C, and GST emerge in urine. Terminellia arjuna (TA), a medicinal plant used in Ayurvedic medicine, includes phytoconstituents such as triterpenoids, tannins, flavonoids, and others that have been shown to have anti-cardiovascular, anti-cancer, anti-microbial, and nephroprotective characteristics. Antiuremic effects of aqueous bark extract of TA have been demonstrated in our laboratory on dehydration-induced uremic rats. As a result, the publication was written to look into kidney damage proteome and genomic biomarkers from both serum and urine in acetaminophen-induced renal problem rats, as well as to look into the therapeutic efficiency of phytocompounds from Terminalia arjuna bark (TA).

The first was to identify the best biomarkers for early screening of kidney disorders, whether they were plasma urea and creatinine or novel urinary low molecular weight protein biomarkers such as Interlukin-18 (IL-18), Kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), and cystatin –C. Second, the therapeutic efficacy of Terminalia arjuna (MFTA) methanol fraction on urine new biomarkers.

Results demonstrated that APAP administration for 5 days, 10 days, and 15 days elevated novel urinary biomarkers such as IL-18, KIM-1, and cystatin-C by nearly twofolds and cystatin-C by nearly sixfolds compared to old biomarkers plasma urea and plasma creatinine. The protective impact of APAP with co-administration of MFTA was demonstrated by a decrease in established and new unique biomarkers such as Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase, whereas the amount of malondialdehyde (MDA) increased. In APAP treatment rats, SDS-PAGE revealed new low molecular weight urine protein bands, whereas in normal rats, there was no band at this molecular level.

Conclusion: MFTA is the most potent nephroprotective drug, and urine low molecular proteins, rather than plasma urea and creatinine, are the best diagnostic tools for early diagnosis of kidney disease.

Author (s) Details

Deblina Giri
Research Unit, Department of Nutrition, Raja Narendralal Khan Women’s College, Midnapore-721102, Dist- Paschim Medinipur, West Bengal, India.

Dr. Koushik Das
Research Unit, Department of Nutrition, Belda College, Belda-721424, Dist- Paschim Medinipur, West Bengal, India.

Dilip Kumar Nandi
Department of Post Graduate Physiology of Raja Narendralal Khan Women’s College, Midnapore-721102, Dist- Paschim Medinipur, West Bengal, India.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/TIPR-V6/article/view/1708

The Combination of L-lysine and Alloxan Induces Acute Necrotizing Pancreatitis in Rats: A Recent Study | Chapter 6 | Challenges in Disease and Health Research Vol. 9

 The goal of this research was to see how L-lysine affected the pancreas of diabetic rats. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were split into four groups (each with six rats) and studied for 20 days. Control Group I (saline solution, i.p.). Group II: L-lysine (10 mM)-treated rats. Group III: Rats given 120 mg/kg of alloxan (diabetic control). Group IV: Alloxan plus L-lysine-treated rats. The glucose, triglyceride, and cholesterol levels were measured using blood taken from the aorta. As expected, glucose levels in Group III rats increased. Body weight decrease was also found (p 0.001). On the tenth day of the trial, diabetic control rats had greater glucose concentrations than rats in Group IV. L-lysine given to intact animals had an effect on the pancreas, according to the findings. Animals who have previously received alloxan injections exhibited more pancreatic damage. Hyperglycemia was clearly caused by a single dose of L-lysine. This impact is increased when L-lysine is coupled with alloxan.

We can now offer a new rat model of acute pancreatitis based on these findings.

Author (S) Details

José D. Méndez
Medical Research Unit in Metabolic Diseases, Cardiology Hospital, National Medical Center, Mexican Institute of Social Security, México

Jianling Xie
Nutrition and Metabolism South Australia Health & Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia.

Verna Méndez-Valenzuela
General Hospital 49, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Los Mochis, Sinaloa, México.

José L. Martínez
Department of General and Gastrointestinal Surgery, Specialities Hospital, National Medical Center, Mexican Institute of Social Security, México.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/CDHR-V9/article/view/2060

A Recent Approach: Melatonin Avoids Anatomofunctional Changes Associated to Aging in a Rat Model | Chapter 1 | Highlights on Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 4

 Melatonin is a hormone produced predominantly by the pineal gland and released at night. Its secretion has a circadian pattern, peaking at night. Melatonin is a natural hormone that has a circadian cycle in humans, and its levels rise during the night. Its secretion begins about three months of age and continues to increase during childhood. Melatonin secretion decreases prior to puberty and tends to decline until old age. Melatonin has physiological effects that are mediated by at least four mechanisms: membrane receptors, orphan nuclear receptors, calmodulin, and free radicals. The amount of melatonin produced varies with age. Melatonin is secreted in small amounts by infants under three months of age. It has been proposed that ageing is caused by the oxidation of cells, which causes them to become vulnerable to damage and ultimately die. This research explores the antioxidant effects of melatonin in a rodent model, including free radical formation, MAP2 protein expression, and hippocampus electrophysiology at various ages. When compared to controls, the findings show that melatonin retains a "best" state in the experimental animals. It indicates that melatonin could be used as a treatment to avoid or postpone the effects of ageing on cells.

Author (s) Details

Bertha Prieto Gómez
Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, UNAM, México.

Cruz Reyes-Vázquez
Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, UNAM, México.

Mireya Velázquez-Paniagua
Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, UNAM, México.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/HMMR-V4/article/view/550