Reciprocal Amplification of Glial Senescence and α-synucleinopathy in Parkinson’s Disease: The Therapeutic Potential Promise of Senolytics | Chapter 8 | Disease and Health Research: New Insights Vol. 11

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the most common movement disorder and the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer’s disease. Despite decades of research, there is still no cure for PD and the complicated intricacies of the pathology are still being worked out. A hallmark of the disease is the abnormal formation of toxic fibrils of α-synuclein, which then clump into Lewy body aggregates. Lewy bodies rob neurons and glia of their function, eventually leading to their death. This chapter presents a current perspective on the interactive roles that α-synuclein and glial senescence have in PD. The self-amplifying and cyclical nature of oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, α-synucleinopathy, neuroglial senescence, neuroglial chronic activation and neurodegeneration will be discussed. This progressive, degenerative cycle can be interrupted by using senolytics to specifically target and remove senescent cells. Therefore, the compelling role that senolytics could play as a therapeutic avenue for PD will also be explored and encouraged.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Audrey Gibbs
Department of Biology and Biotechnology, School of Science and Technology, Endicott College, Beverly, MA, USA.

 

Sean J. Miller
Pluripotent Diagnostics Corp. (PDx), Molecular Medicine Research Institute, Sunnyvale, CA, USA.

 

Robert Logan
Department of Biology and Biotechnology, School of Science and Technology, Endicott College, Beverly, MA, USA.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/dhrni/v11/3106

Post-Harvest Management of Fruits and Vegetables | Chapter 9 | Current Perspectives in Agriculture and Food Science Vol. 7

 Fruit and vegetable harvest management must be done well in order to maximize quality, reduce post-harvest losses, and increase shelf life. The reasons of post-harvest losses, different post-harvest technologies, and treatments meant to reduce losses and maintain the quality of harvested product. Physiological changes, mechanical damage, incorrect handling and transportation, unfavorable weather conditions, and pest infestations are some of the causes of post-harvest losses. Many post-harvest technologies and treatments have been developed to address these issues. These include the use of technologies to delay senescence and decay, controlled atmosphere storage to control oxygen and carbon dioxide levels, and pre-cooling techniques to lower temperature and slow down physiological processes. Post-harvest procedures including washing, sorting, grading, and waxing also aid in lowering microbial contamination and extending shelf life. Additionally, environmentally friendly ways to maintain freshness while minimizing the impact on the environment are provided by sustainable packaging. Real-time monitoring of the supply chain for environmental conditions and produce quality makes it possible to take prompt action to reduce losses and improve storage conditions.

Author(s) Details:

Sandeep Janghu,
Department of Food Technology, Rajiv Gandhi University, Rono Hills, Doimukh – 791112, Arunachal Pradesh, India.

Vikas Kumar,
Department of Food Science and Technology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana – 141004, Punjab, India.

Ashok Kumar Yadav,
Department of Food Technology, Rajiv Gandhi University, Rono Hills, Doimukh – 791112, Arunachal Pradesh, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CPAFS-V7/article/view/13751

Determining the Effect of High Carbohydrate Diets on Brain Composition and Senescence in Aging Hyperinsulinemic Obese LA/Ntul//-cp Rats | Chapter 12 | Novel Research Aspects in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 2

 This division determine the effect of corpulent phenotype and the carbohydrate type resulted in alterations in intellect composition in the corpulent phenotype of the congenic LA/Ntul//-cp rat, groups (n= 8 rats/group) of male littermate lean and corpulent rats were fed standardized isocaloric diets holding 54% (w/w) cornstarch (ST diet) or 54% (w/w) sucrose (SUC diet) from 1 just before 10.5 ± 0.5 months of age. Malnutrition is a extensive global public health issue that donates to several able to be consumed-related non-able to be contracted illnesses. In reduced-income nations, adult food is frequently missed. In low- and middle-proceeds nations, both two-fold malnutrition (over and undernutrition) and food transition survive. The current popular emphasis on liquid produced by mammals diets has resulted in an upwards shift in abstinence from food carbohydrate use. The strain's obese phenotype exhibits hypertrophic-hyperplastic obesity all along early postweaning development and early beginning chronic hyperinsulinemia outside NIDDM. The total fat, protein, and DNA of typical aliquots of dissected brain tissues were resolved. When fed the SUC meat as opposed to the ST diet, frame weights of obese >> lean mammals were higher in both genotypes. In rats augment the SUC diet compared to the ST diet, intellect mass was a little smaller in lean individuals distinguished to fat individuals. Brain total Protein and DNA content of lean rats were > corpulent rats and were modestly Lower in SUC than ST augment rats in both phenotypes, but the percent of lipid content was equivalent to brain bulk. The decreased intelligence mass was characterized by balanced decreases in total lipid, brain protein and intellect DNA content and were further impaired when augment the insulinogenic sucrose diet. Total body fat bulk of obese was considerably greater than happen in lean littermates and was only modestly better in SUC than ST fed rats in both phenotypes. These results signify that brain development and cellular growth is impaired in the aging, hyperinsulinemia-likely obese phenotype concerning this strain, were further impaired when augment SUC than ST diets, and the decreased brain limits were likely associated with happening of a chronic neuronal angering syndrome common to overdone fat accretion and corpulence, resulting in impulsive brain senescence.

Author(s) Details:

Orien L. Tulp,
Colleges of Medicine and Graduate Studies, University of Science Arts and Technology, Montserrat, MSR1110, British West Indies and The Einstein Medical Institute, NPB, Florida-34040, USA.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NRAMMS-V2/article/view/11843

Determination of Antimetastatic and Antitumor Activities of Orally Administered NAX014 Compound in a Murine Model of HER2-Positive Breast Cancer| Chapter 8 | Perspective of Recent Advances in Medical Research Vol. 2

 In this study, we wanted to determine in what way or manner intragastric (IG) administration of the NAX014 compound at a dose of 20 mg/kg would influence the safety, antitumor, and antimetastatic actions as measured for one kinetics of the development of impulsive lung metastases and mammary tumours in HER-2/neu transgenic rodent. It has been demonstrated that the normal isoquinoline alkaloid Berberine (BBR) has a number of healing properties, containing anticancer activity. It has been planned and synthesised to create miscellaneous BBR derivatives so that create new substances accompanying improved anticancer productiveness. We previously accompanied that intraperitoneal (IP) administration of the BBR-derived NAX014 compound was smart to counteract HER-2 overexpressing mammary tumors beginning and progression in transgenic mice. However, the IP presidency was found to encourage organ toxicity at doses above 2.5 mg/Kg. In this study, we evaluated the effect of intragastric (IG) administration of 20 mg/kg of NAX014 on two together safety and anticancer productiveness in HER-2/neu transgenic mice. Furthermore, malignancy cell dissemination and exodus, tumor container senescence and immunological changes were checked. The present study showed that IG NAX014 administration (i) delays the incident of spontaneous mammary tumors in HER-2/neu transgenic rodent without negative effects on strength and survival; (ii) restricts breast malignancy cell migration and often major in vitro and in vivo; (iii) induces artificial and in vivo tumor containers senescence; and (iv) decreases TNF-α and VEGF plasma levels. Despite the fact that NAX014 had no effect on swelling-infiltrating lymphocytes, it was found that mice doctored with NAX014 had lower levels of circulating TNF- and VEGF. The NAX014 compound is argued in the context of the overall judgments as a potential tool for therapeutic approaches against conscience cancers that overexpress HER-2.

Author(s) Details:

Elisa Pierpaoli,
Advanced Technology Center for Aging Research, Scientific Technological Area, IRCCS INRCA, 60121 Ancona, Italy.

Francesco Piacenza,
Advanced Technology Center for Aging Research, Scientific Technological Area, IRCCS INRCA, 60121 Ancona, Italy.

Gaetano Fiorillo,
Naxospharma Srl, 20026 Novate Milanese, Italy.

Paolo Lombardi,
Naxospharma Srl, 20026 Novate Milanese, Italy.

Fiorenza Orlando,
Experimental Animal Models for Aging Unit, Scientific Technological Area, IRCCS INRCA, 60121 Ancona, Italy.

Carmela Salvatore,
Aesis Therapeutics Srl, Incubatore JCube, 60035 Jesi, Italy.

Cristina Geroni,
Aesis Therapeutics Srl, Incubatore JCube, 60035 Jesi, Italy.

Mauro Provinciali,
Advanced Technology Center for Aging Research, Scientific Technological Area, IRCCS INRCA, 60121 Ancona, Italy and Experimental Animal Models for Aging Unit, Scientific Technological Area, IRCCS INRCA, 60121 Ancona, Italy.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/PRAMR-V2/article/view/9016

Pyruvate Potentially Superior to NAD+ and Senolytics in Healthy Aging | Chapter 10 | Emerging Trends in Disease and Health Research Vol. 2

 This review aims to draw attention to the effects of sodium pyruvate on healthy ageing in comparison to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dinucleotide dinucleotide dinucleotide dinucleotide dinucleotide dinucleotide dinucleotide dinucleotide dinucleotide dinucleotide dinucleotide dinucleotide din Healthy ageing has become a study hotspot in life science in recent decades. The level of NAD+ in cells diminishes with ageing and aging-related illnesses, as is well documented. One of the NAD+ precursors was initially demonstrated with its novel involvement in DNA damage repair in mice several years ago, restoring aged mice to their physical state when they were young. Extensive research in animal models and patients is encouraged as a result of the discovery. NAD+ and its antecedents have long been popular in the nutrition industry. Clearing cellular senescence using senolytics, on the other hand, was shown to sustain multiorgan function (kidney and heart) and extend healthy longevity in mice. Following research in elderly patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis supported the findings. In animal and clinical research, senolytic treatment is increasingly being utilised to treat a variety of illnesses. On an equimolar basis, pyruvate, as a NAD+ substitute and a novel senolytic, may be superior to the present items mentioned in preventing and treating illnesses and ageing. Apart from critical care, pyruvate-enriched fluids, particularly pyruvate oral rehydration salt, could be a novel strategy for illnesses and ageing. Despite the lack of direct evidence that pyruvate, as both a NAD+ source and a senolytic agent, helps healthy ageing, more research is needed to compare NAD+ or senolytics for healthy ageing, specifically on an equimolar basis in effective blood levels. From a clinical standpoint, this review compared NAD+ and Senolytics to sodium pyruvate to explore the recognition of healthy ageing.

Author(S) Details

Zhou, Fang-Qiang
Fresenius Medical Care, Dialysis Centers in Chicago, IL., 60008, USA.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/ETDHR-V2/article/view/5573