Antihyperglycemic Effect of Different Fractions of Methanol Extract of Ceiba pentandra Leaves | Chapter 4 | Pharmaceutical Research - Recent Advances and Trends Vol. 4

 

The present study investigated the antihyperglycemic effect of different fractions of methanol extract of Ceiba pentandra leaves. Chronic hyperglycemia during diabetes causes glycation of body proteins that in turn leads to secondary complications affecting e, kidneys, nerves and arteries. Petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol fractions of Ceiba pentandra leaves were prepared and administered individually at different doses to different batches of rats (both normal and alloxan diabetic rats) after an overnight fast. The blood glucose levels were measured at 0, 2, 4 h, 7 and 14 days after the treatment. The antihyperglycemic activity of Ceiba pentandra leaves was compared with the treatment of glibenclamide, an oral hypoglycemic agent. The results indicate that C. pentandra possesses significant antihyperglycemic activity. All fractions except petroleum ether fraction even if with a different degree, have shown significant reduction in blood glucose levels in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. The methanol fraction has shown maximum effect in all the two tests compared to the other extracts. The methanol fraction of Ceiba pentandra at a dosage of 200 mg/kg body weight shows a maximal blood glucose lowering effect in diabetic rats.

Author(s) Details

A.R. Kharat
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh-786 004, India and Government College of Pharmacy, Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar-431005, India.

S. Das
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh-786 004, India and Department of Pharmaceuitcal Sciences, Assam University, Silchar-788011, India.

K.R. Kharat
Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizwal-79004, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/prrat/v4/1117

Effect of Metformin (MET) in Protection against Oxidative Stress and Pancreatic Damage Using an Animal Model | Chapter 6 | Pharmaceutical Science: New Insights and Developments Vol. 5

Aim: The present study investigated the effects of metformin (MET) in protection against oxidative stress and pancreatic damage using an animal model, to assess the effect of metformin on oxidative stress in vivo and in vitro.

 

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a worldwide health problem that has a deleterious impact on life expectancy and quality. People with diabetes have a higher oxidation state, which is detrimental to homeostasis. Numerous tissues have demonstrated the anti-oxidant qualities of metformin. An oral medication for diabetes called metformin aids in blood sugar regulation.

 

Methods: This study investigated the effect of metformin on total antioxidant markers in the serum and pancreatic tissue of Alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Diabetic rats were randomised into five groups for treatment and received metformin (100,200,300 mg/kg) orally once daily for four weeks. The antioxidant potential of evaluated total antioxidant status (TAOS) in vivo and through DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl) scavenging assay at 517 nm in vitro.

 

Results: A Considerable drop in elevated blood glucose level was observed in the alloxan-induced diabetic. At a dose of 100,200,300mg/kg demonstrated increase significantly improvement rate percentage in (M100, M200, M300) were (40.701 %),(48.063%) and (48.101%) respectively after end of treatment compared to diabetic group that decrease (-243.340%), TAOS were significantly increased in treated group than diabetic group" p= 0.000* ".The percentage of improvement rate elevation in treatment M100, M200, and M300 was (133.202 %,148.433% and 194.358%) respectively, compared with diabetic, while that percentage was decreased (-65.677%). Also, it improved pancreas histopathology compared to the diabetic control group it improved pancreas histopathology compared to the diabetic control group Antioxidant activity using DPPH was found to increase in a concentration-time-dependent manner IC₅₀ of metformin (498.0 µg/ml), while ascorbic acid IC50 (µg/ml 29.62).

 

Conclusions: In "alloxan-induced diabetic rats", metformin provides "protective actions" against free radicals and oxidative stress, as well as improving pancreas tissue histology and lowering blood glucose levels.

 

Author (s) Details

Abeer Mansour Abdel Rasool
Department of Pharmacology, Collage of Pharmacy, University of Nineveh, Iraq.

 

Isam Hamo Mahmood
Department of Pharmacology, AL Noor University Collage, Bartella, Iraq.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/psnid/v5/1665

Investigating the Antihyperglycaemic Effect of Vetiveria zizanioides (L.) Nash Root Extract in Alloxan-induced Diabetic Rats | Chapter 6 | Advanced Concepts in Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 9

 

Vetiveria zizanioides (L.) Nash (family: Poaceae) is commonly known as 'Khas-Khas' in Bangladesh and India. The aim of this study is to evaluate the antihyperglycaemic activity of the ethanol extract of roots of Vetiveria zizanioides (L.) Nash, in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Wistar albino rats weighing 250- 350 g of both sexes were selected for the present investigation Antihyperglycaemic Effect of Vetiveria zizanioides (L.) Nash Root Extract. Alloxan monohydrate (150 mg/kg) was administered to Wister albino rats via the interperitoneal route. The diabetic rats were then placed into 6 groups, following the stabilization of hyperglycaemia. The first group was untreated; the second group received a reference standard, glibenclamide (10 mg/kg) and the next four groups received ethanol extract of V. zizanioides roots at the doses of 100, 250, 500 and 750 mg/kg, respectively each day. Treatment was provided via the oral route for 28 days and fasting sugar level was monitored over this period. Acute toxicity (oral and interperitoneal) studies as well as phytochemical screenings of the extracts were carried out. It was observed that ethanol extract of V. zizanioides (100, 250, 500 and 750 mg/kg p.w.o) significantly reduced the blood glucose level at the end of 28th days in alloxan-induced diabetes rats. The antihyperglycaemic effects were compared with those of glibenclamide (10 mg/kg p.w.o), the standard reference hypoglycaemic agent. The present study indicates that ethanol extract of V. zizanioides root posses better antihyperglycaemic activity compared to other extracts of it in both normal and alloxan-induced diabetic rats. The study provides proof for the ethnomedical claims and reported biological activities of V. zizanioides with respect to its good therapeutic and antidiabetic potential. We concluded that the ethanolic extract of V. zizanioides has hypoglycaemic and antihyperglycaemic activity as it lowers blood glucose levels in diabetic rats. However, the molecule (s) responsible for such an effect requires further investigation.

Author(s) Details:

Dr. Sanjay Kumar Karan,
Seemanta Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jharpokharia-757 086, India.

Dilipkumar Pal
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, IFTM University, Moradabad-244 102, India.

Sagar Kumar Mishra
University Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utkal University, Vanivihar, Bhubaneswar-751 004, India.

Arijit Mondal
Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata-700 032, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ACPR-V9/article/view/14365

Role of Herbal Medicine “Diabetocure” on Clinical and Biochemical Parameters of Diabetes: A Clinical Approach | Chapter 6 | Advanced Concepts in Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 5

The objective of present research work is to design and develop herbal formulation in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes is a metabolic disorder characterized by chronically elevated blood glucose above the normal range. Around 400 herbal treatments for diabetes mellitus are reported, but only a few of these have been approved of their therapeutic efficacy. Traditional treatments have mostly disappeared in occidental societies, but some are prescribed by practitioners of alternative medicine or taken by patients as supplements to conventional therapy. A hypoglycemic action from some treatments has been confirmed in animal models and non-insulin dependent diabetic patients, and various hypoglycemic compounds have been identified. The herbal substitutes for insulin and related anti-diabetic drugs seems challenging, but herbal treatments can provide valuable clues for the development of new oral hypoglycemic agents and simple dietary adjuncts. Patients in drug powder group showed significant improvement in the management of diabetes as well as subjective relief in symptoms with diabetes while placebo group had no significant change in pain score at the end of 12 weeks. It is recommended that larger and longer duration trials are required to establish the efficacy and safety of drug powder in treatment of diabetic as well as its comparison with other groups of drugs before it can he proved to be better than other drugs in controlling the painful diabetic neuropathy symptoms.

Author(s) Details:

Ayush Garg,
Department of Pharmaceutics, Venkateshwar Institute of Pharmacy, Sai Tirupati University, Umarda, Udaipur (Rajasthan), India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ACPR-V5/article/view/13282

Investigation of Gomphogyne bonii Gagnep. Extract Profile for Antidiabetic Effect in the Experimental Type 2 Diabetes Model | Chapter 5 | Current Progress in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 5

 This member was designed to evaluate the antidiabetic effect of G. bonii extract in the experimental study. Diabetes mellitus has grown into a global well-being threat to association. Particularly those who have diabetes have continually had to deal with allure problems and the unexpected side effects of artificial medications. As a result, skilled is now a tendency between researchers to uncover novel natural elements that are both more reliable and successful in the situation of diabetes. Gomphogyne bonii Gagnep. extract (G. bonii extract) was a herbal-derivative product of the Pharmacy Department, Vietnam University of Traditional Medicine. In order to judge the antidiabetic effect of G. bonii extract, a type 2 diabetes model was conducted in rodent. The main pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes has been guide peripheral insulin fighting and deficient insulin result due to the dysregulation of insulin discharge. The result of histopathological examination granted that there was a important improvement in the building of the liver after 2-temporal length of event or entity's existence period at the groups discussed with G. bonii extract. In conditions of histopathological concepts of the pancreas, no clear effect was noticed in the groups treated accompanying G. bonii extract as compared accompanying the The results revealed that G. bonii extract at two together doses ameliorated the effects of ALX on the aggregation of glucose, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), Low-Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol (LDL-C) and calculating-histological images of resident.  Additionally, the G. bonii extract's antidiabetic impact was stronger at a prescription of 12 mL/kg b.w./day than it was at a application of 4 mL/kg b.w/day. As a result, it was hypothesised that G. bonii extract ability one day be secondhand in clinical scenes to treat diabetes mellitus.

Author(s) Details:

Pham Quoc Binh,

Vietnam University of Traditional Medicine, Hanoi, Vietnam.

Nguyen Duy Thuan,

Vietnam University of Traditional Medicine, Hanoi, Vietnam.

Vu Viet Hang,

Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam.

Pham Thuy Phuong,

Vietnam University of Traditional Medicine, Hanoi, Vietnam.

Pham Quoc Su,

Vietnam University of Traditional Medicine, Hanoi, Vietnam.

Duong Van Phu,

Vietnam University of Traditional Medicine, Hanoi, Vietnam.

Phuong Thien Thuong,

Vietnam - Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam.

Dinh Thi Thu Hang,

Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam. 

Pham Thi Van Anh,

Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CPMMR-V5/article/view/11385

Discovering and Development of Antidiabetic Drugs from Natural Sources: An Essential Dietary Legume in Indian Culture is the Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan L.) | Chapter 13 | Current Overview on Pharmaceutical Science Vol. 8

 A off-course variety of subordinate metabolites are produced by plants as a kind of care against environmental stress or added causes like pest infestations, wounds, and injuries. Pulse crops have a long past of being valued for their digestive value and energy-promoting qualities, containing their outstanding protein, fibre, and hydrogen content as well as their ability to control obesity, decrease cholesterol, and forestall type 2 diabetes.In this book chapter, I have discussed about the antihyperglycemic potential of Cajanus cajan leaves indifferent solvent extracts on alloxan-inferred diabetic mice. Among the four financially sound extracts tested, namely oil ether, kill, ethyl acetate, and methanol extract, two extracts, i.e ethyl acetate and flammable liquid extract, lowered level of glucose in blood levels by 27.09 and 37.68%, respectively, in diabetic rodent after daily spoken administration for 10 days at a dosage of 250 mg/kg.  Glibenclamide (0.4mg/kg) reduced blood sugar levels by 30.57% all the while the same situation period. These two extracts also raised insulin action. While insulin unique resulted in a 32.66% decrease in glucose. Blood sugar dropped by 48.14% and 43.07%, respectively, subsequently the extract of methanol and ethyl acetate were executed simultaneously. The extract did not exhibit some fatality or poisonous symptoms at a measure of 2000 mg/kg in an acute toxicity trial (OECD recommendations), and suitable way, C. cajan extracts are regarded as secure. The active fractions' RP-HPLC sketches were completed; these sketches will be useful in the future for recognizing the bioactive elements.

Author(s) Details:

Rupa Sengupta,
Girijananda Chowdhury University, Guwahati, Assam, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/COPS-V8/article/view/9874

Determination of the Anti-diabetic Activity of Sphenostylis stenocarpa Seed Milk Extract in Alloxan-induced Diabetes Rats | Chapter 02 | Recent Developments in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 16

 Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterised by improper glucose, protein, and lipid metabolism. It's generally connected with glycosuria, or the discharge of too much sweet urine. The majority of anti-diabetes medicines are not only expensive, but they also come with a significant level of drug toxicity. The anti-diabetic effect of seed milk extract was investigated in Alloxan-induced diabetic rats in this study. For fifteen (15) days, alloxan-induced diabetic rats were given seed milk extract at concentrations of 100, 200, 300, and 400 mg/kg body weight orally. Animal experiments were also used to conduct the oral glucose tolerance test. The milk extract included modest amounts of flavonoids, isoflavones, saponin, tannin, phytosterol, lignin, and anthocyanidine, according to the phytochemical study. Sphenostylis stenocarpa seed milk was shown to be non-lethal in an acute toxicity test at a dose of 5000 kg/body weight. When compared to the control in an oral glucose tolerance test, the S. stenocarpa seed milk extract had the strongest reaction, similar to glibenclamide after 15 and 30 minutes of treatment. When diabetic rats were given normal saline and 0.3 mg/kg body weight of glibenclamide, the S. stenocarpa seed milk extract had the strongest blood glucose-lowering effect after day 15 of therapy (p 0.05). The seed milk extract of S. stenocarpa has anti-diabetic action similar to the reference medication glibenclamide, and the results of this investigation demonstrated that the seed milk extract had a time and concentration-dependent blood glucose-lowering impact.

 
Author(S) Details

Michael O. Nwankwo
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria.

Innocent O. Ogbonna
Department of Microbiology, College of Science, Federal University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria.

Etim, Esin Etim
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Westminster University, London, UK.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/RDMMR-V16/article/view/5232  

The Combination of L-lysine and Alloxan Induces Acute Necrotizing Pancreatitis in Rats: A Recent Study | Chapter 6 | Challenges in Disease and Health Research Vol. 9

 The goal of this research was to see how L-lysine affected the pancreas of diabetic rats. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were split into four groups (each with six rats) and studied for 20 days. Control Group I (saline solution, i.p.). Group II: L-lysine (10 mM)-treated rats. Group III: Rats given 120 mg/kg of alloxan (diabetic control). Group IV: Alloxan plus L-lysine-treated rats. The glucose, triglyceride, and cholesterol levels were measured using blood taken from the aorta. As expected, glucose levels in Group III rats increased. Body weight decrease was also found (p 0.001). On the tenth day of the trial, diabetic control rats had greater glucose concentrations than rats in Group IV. L-lysine given to intact animals had an effect on the pancreas, according to the findings. Animals who have previously received alloxan injections exhibited more pancreatic damage. Hyperglycemia was clearly caused by a single dose of L-lysine. This impact is increased when L-lysine is coupled with alloxan.

We can now offer a new rat model of acute pancreatitis based on these findings.

Author (S) Details

José D. Méndez
Medical Research Unit in Metabolic Diseases, Cardiology Hospital, National Medical Center, Mexican Institute of Social Security, México

Jianling Xie
Nutrition and Metabolism South Australia Health & Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia.

Verna Méndez-Valenzuela
General Hospital 49, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Los Mochis, Sinaloa, México.

José L. Martínez
Department of General and Gastrointestinal Surgery, Specialities Hospital, National Medical Center, Mexican Institute of Social Security, México.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/CDHR-V9/article/view/2060