Acute and Sub-acute Hypoglycaemic Evaluation of Cassia nodosa Leaves in Normal and Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Rats | Chapter 7 | Pharmaceutical Research - Recent Advances and Trends Vol. 4

 

In the present work, one novel ornamental plant Cassia nodosa Buch.-Ham. ex Roxb. has been investigated for antidiabetic potential. It aimed to check the hypoglycaemic effect of C. nodosa leaves on normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats by acute and sub-acute studies. The qualitative and quantitative phytochemistry of the leaf drug was carried out by standard procedures. In preliminary phytochemistry antidiabetic compounds such as alkaloids, glycosides, steroids, flavonoids and saponins were detected. Quantitative phytochemistry revealed the presence of significant amounts of saponins (9.52%) and alkaloids (4.08%). Prior to the hypoglycaemic study, acute oral toxicity testing of the drug was performed. Later the effects of single and multiple doses of test drug were studied using various parameters. Dried powdered leaf material was used as an oral drug. Diabetes was induced in rats by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. Single and multiple doses of test drug (0.5 g/kg body weight/day) were given to normal and diabetic rats. The parameters studied were blood glucose, serum cholesterol, serum triglycerides and serum proteins. The results of the test drug were compared with standard hypoglycaemic drug-glibenclamide (0.01 g/kg/day). It was done by the ‘Student’s ‘t’ test’ and the one-way ANOVA test. Unlike acute, sub-acute treatment of test drug showed a highly significant reduction (40.29%) in blood glucose levels of diabetic rats in 10 days. This effect was considerably good in comparison with standard drug (63.51%). The test drug and standard drug exhibited an insignificant change in the abnormal levels of serum metabolites of diabetic rats. Preclinically C. nodosa was proved to be an effective hypoglycaemic agent. Further studies are necessary to elucidate details of active phytochemicals and their mechanism of hypoglycaemic action.

 

Author(s) Details

Urmila C. Kumavat
Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, VPM’s B.N. Bandodkar College of Science (Autonomous), Thane (W) 400601, Affiliated to University of Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/prrat/v4/1397

Antihyperglycemic Effect of Different Fractions of Methanol Extract of Ceiba pentandra Leaves | Chapter 4 | Pharmaceutical Research - Recent Advances and Trends Vol. 4

 

The present study investigated the antihyperglycemic effect of different fractions of methanol extract of Ceiba pentandra leaves. Chronic hyperglycemia during diabetes causes glycation of body proteins that in turn leads to secondary complications affecting e, kidneys, nerves and arteries. Petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol fractions of Ceiba pentandra leaves were prepared and administered individually at different doses to different batches of rats (both normal and alloxan diabetic rats) after an overnight fast. The blood glucose levels were measured at 0, 2, 4 h, 7 and 14 days after the treatment. The antihyperglycemic activity of Ceiba pentandra leaves was compared with the treatment of glibenclamide, an oral hypoglycemic agent. The results indicate that C. pentandra possesses significant antihyperglycemic activity. All fractions except petroleum ether fraction even if with a different degree, have shown significant reduction in blood glucose levels in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. The methanol fraction has shown maximum effect in all the two tests compared to the other extracts. The methanol fraction of Ceiba pentandra at a dosage of 200 mg/kg body weight shows a maximal blood glucose lowering effect in diabetic rats.

Author(s) Details

A.R. Kharat
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh-786 004, India and Government College of Pharmacy, Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar-431005, India.

S. Das
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh-786 004, India and Department of Pharmaceuitcal Sciences, Assam University, Silchar-788011, India.

K.R. Kharat
Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizwal-79004, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/prrat/v4/1117

Discovering and Development of Antidiabetic Drugs from Natural Sources: An Essential Dietary Legume in Indian Culture is the Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan L.) | Chapter 13 | Current Overview on Pharmaceutical Science Vol. 8

 A off-course variety of subordinate metabolites are produced by plants as a kind of care against environmental stress or added causes like pest infestations, wounds, and injuries. Pulse crops have a long past of being valued for their digestive value and energy-promoting qualities, containing their outstanding protein, fibre, and hydrogen content as well as their ability to control obesity, decrease cholesterol, and forestall type 2 diabetes.In this book chapter, I have discussed about the antihyperglycemic potential of Cajanus cajan leaves indifferent solvent extracts on alloxan-inferred diabetic mice. Among the four financially sound extracts tested, namely oil ether, kill, ethyl acetate, and methanol extract, two extracts, i.e ethyl acetate and flammable liquid extract, lowered level of glucose in blood levels by 27.09 and 37.68%, respectively, in diabetic rodent after daily spoken administration for 10 days at a dosage of 250 mg/kg.  Glibenclamide (0.4mg/kg) reduced blood sugar levels by 30.57% all the while the same situation period. These two extracts also raised insulin action. While insulin unique resulted in a 32.66% decrease in glucose. Blood sugar dropped by 48.14% and 43.07%, respectively, subsequently the extract of methanol and ethyl acetate were executed simultaneously. The extract did not exhibit some fatality or poisonous symptoms at a measure of 2000 mg/kg in an acute toxicity trial (OECD recommendations), and suitable way, C. cajan extracts are regarded as secure. The active fractions' RP-HPLC sketches were completed; these sketches will be useful in the future for recognizing the bioactive elements.

Author(s) Details:

Rupa Sengupta,
Girijananda Chowdhury University, Guwahati, Assam, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/COPS-V8/article/view/9874

Scientific Investigation of Dyschoriste littoralis nees – A Tamil Traditional Medicinal Plant against Liver Disease | Chapter 11 | Current Aspects in Pharmaceutical Research and Development Vol. 6

 The goal of this study was to see if Dyschoriste littoralis Nees (family Acanthaceae) might protect rats' livers against paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity. The aerial portions of Dyschoriste littoralis Nees. powder were extracted using a Soxhlet extractor with various solvents (PE, EA, and methanol) and crude varied extracts were used for hepatoprotective activities. All of the extracts were confirmed to be safe up to 2000mg/kg in the acute toxicity investigation, hence one hundredth of this dose was used as the assessment dose. Different extracts of Dyschoriste littoralis (Petroleum ether, Ethyl acetate, and Methanol) were given to rats fed a high fat diet at a dose of 200mg/kg/day to see if they may help lower cholesterol levels. On the 5th day of the research phase, paracetamol (2g/kg b.wt.) was given orally to induce hepatotoxicity. In the blood of paracetamol-induced rats, the activities of liver enzymes such as SGOT, SGPT, ALP, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), creatinine, urea, total bilirubin, total cholesterol, and triglyc were increased. Additionally, when compared to other extracts, oral administration of the ethyl acetate extract of Dyschoriste littoralis (200 mg/ kgb.wt.) to rats significantly decreased the levels of SGOT, SGPT, ALP, gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT), creatinine, urea, total bilirubin, total cholesterol & triglycerides and significantly increased the levels of total protein and According to the findings, the ethyl acetate extract of Dyschoriste littoralis may have superior hepatoprotective action in rats suffering from paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity.

Author(S) Details

P. D. Ravi Teja
Seshachala College of Pharmacy, Puttur, Chittoor, Andra Pradesh, India.

A. Kottai Muthu
Department of Pharmacy, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar-608 002, Tamilnadu, India.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/CAPRD-V6/article/view/5163

Experiment for the Determination of Acute Toxicity of Ammoniain Juvenile Patagonian Blenny (Eleginops maclovinus) | Chapter 10 | Current Research Trends in Biological Science Vol.4

 

Deionized ammonium (NH3) acute toxicity (LC50-96h) in Patagonian blenny juveniles (Eleginops
maclovinus) was assessed. Concentrations of deionized ammonium in salt water were prepared by
using 24.09 ± 2.1 g ammonium chloride (NH4Cl). Fish were exposed in triplicates to different
ammonium concentrations: 0.05; 0.094; 0.175; 0.325 and 0.605 mg NH3 L-1. Additionally, a control
group was included. Experimental fish were kept at a photoperiod of 16:8h. Average temperatures
were 16.24 ± 1.40°C. Oxygen concentration was 7.16 ± 0.40 mg L-1. Water pH was 7.89 ± 0.2. LC50-
96 h, was estimated by using Probit statistical method (95% intervals) using EPA software (1993).
Juveniles of E. maclovinus showed a LC50-96h of 0.413 mg NH3 L-1 value, different from most marine
species. This study presents the first record of ammonia toxicity in marine species of Chile.

Author (s) Details

A. Mardones
Departamento de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Acuícolas, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, P.O. Box 15-D, Temuco, Chile and Núcleo de Investigación en Producción Alimentaria UC Temuco, P.O. Box 15-D, Temuco, Chile.

M. González
CMPC Celulosa, Panamericana Sur, Km 471, Laja, Chile.

C. Rivas-Mancilla
Universidad Santo Tomás, Buena Vecindad 91, Esquina Egaña, Puerto Montt, Chile.

R. Vega
Departamento de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Acuícolas, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, P.O. Box 15-D, Temuco, Chile and Núcleo de Investigación en Producción Alimentaria UC Temuco, P.O. Box 15-D, Temuco, Chile.

A. Augsburger
Universidad Santo Tomás, Buena Vecindad 91, Esquina Egaña, Puerto Montt, Chile.

F. Encina
Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, P.O. Box 15-D, Temuco, Chile and Núcleo de Estudios Ambientales UC Temuco, P.O. Box 15-D, Temuco, Chile.

P. De los Ríos
Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, P.O. Box 15-D, Temuco, Chile and Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Químicas, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, P.O. Box 15-D, Temuco, Chile.

View Book :- http://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/268