Biological Activities of Natural Products | Chapter 6 | Natural Products Chemistry: From Discovery to Applications, Edition 1

Natural products exhibit a wide range of biological activities that have proven beneficial in drug discovery, agriculture, and the cosmetic industries. The majority of these compounds are bioactive from plants, microorganisms, and marine organisms, demonstrating antimicrobial activity, antioxidant properties, anti-inflammatory effects, anticancer potential, and immunomodulatory activity. Owing to variations in their molecular characteristics, they are capable of interacting with various biological targets, thereby producing a therapeutic effect. This abstract outlines the actions associated with these activities, particularly in the production of pharmaceuticals and health products. Understanding the biological processes utilized by natural products is essential for optimizing their effectiveness in disease management and enhancing human welfare.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Vidivay
Department of Chemistry, Dharma Samaj College, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh -202001, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mono/978-93-48388-70-4/CH6

A Comprehensive Review on Herbal Remedies for the Management of Diabetes | Chapter 8 | Achievements and Challenges of Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 4

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease that presents with various signs and complications. Natural items, medicinal plants, and synthetic anti-diabetic medicines are used in the management of various disorders. Medicinal plants are less expensive and have less adverse effects than synthetic anti-diabetic medications. Clinical trials have shown that important herbs, including Gymnema (Gymnema sylvestre), bitter melon (Momordica charantia), Cinnamon (Cinnamomum cassia) and fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum), have strong anti-diabetic properties. This book chapter explores the use of medicinal herbs in the herbal therapy of diabetes mellitus. The primary purpose of the chapter is to discuss the herbal plant mechanism of action and its significance in the treatment of diabetes mellitus in herbal plants in India.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Rajkumar Sironiya
Department of Pharmacy, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur (C.G.)- 495009, Chattisgarh, India.

 

Meenakshi Jaiswa
Department of Pharmacy, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur (C.G.)- 495009, Chattisgarh, India.

 

S.K. Lanjhiyana
Department of Pharmacy, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur (C.G.)- 495009, Chattisgarh, India.

 

Nidhi Agrawal
Department of Pharmacy, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur (C.G.)- 495009, Chattisgarh, India.

 

Rashmi Dewangan
Department of Pharmacy, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur (C.G.)- 495009, Chattisgarh, India.

 

Shibangi Mukhopadhyay
Department of Pharmacy, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur (C.G.)- 495009, Chattisgarh, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/acmms/v4/2992 

Assessment of in vitro Antidiabetic Activity of Pterocarpus marsupium and Green Synthesis and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles Using Its Bark and Wood | Chapter 8 | Pharmaceutical Science: New Insights and Developments Vol. 1

Background: The growth of nanoparticles has a great footprint in recent years. There is increasing optimism that nanotechnology, as applied to medicine, will bring significant advances in the diagnosis and treatment of disease.

Objective: The objective of the study was to conduct a Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles from aqueous extract of Pterocarpus marsupium bark and wood and its characterization. As well as an in vitro anti-diabetic study.

Methods: The study was conducted using instruments, Magnetic stirrer with hot plate, Magnetic bead, centrifuge (REMI), Shimadzu UV-visible spectrophotometer, IR spectrophotometer, Malvern Zeta size analyser, and scanning electron microscopy. The Pterocarpus marsupium bark and wood were collected from Palakkad, Kerala, India. Synthesis of Pterocarpus marsupium silver nanoparticles was done by drop-wise addition of 1 mM silver nitrate to Pterocarpus marsupium bark and wood extract. Characterization of synthesized nanoparticles was carried out by visual examination, UV-visible absorption spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy, Poly dispersity index and Zeta value. In vitro anti-diabetic study for the synthesised silver nanoparticles was carried out by α-amylase inhibition assay.

Results: The result suggested that Pterocarpus marsupium exhibits good α- amylase inhibition under in vitro conditions The synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Pterocarpus marsupium extract was eco-friendly and cost-effective. Aqueous extract of Pterocarpus marsupium bark and wood extract were mixed with the aqueous solution of silver nitrate. The colour of the solution changes from yellow to brown colour due to the surface Plasmon resonance which is the primary confirmation for the formation of silver nanoparticles. The surface Plasmon band in the silver nanoparticles was found to be 431 nm. The FTIR study concluded that hydroxyl and carboxyl groups act as reducing and stabilizing agents and the phenolic group functions as a capping agent. The average particle size was found to be 148.5 nm. Its polydispersity index was 0.336 and zeta potential was measured and found to be -28 mV with the peak area of 100% intensity. This indicates that the formed nanoparticles were stable. The in vitro anti-diabetic study confirms that Pterocarpus marsupium has anti-diabetic activity. From the FTIR spectral analysis, it is concluded that the hydroxyl and carboxyl groups present may act as reducing and stabilizing agents and the phenolic group present may act as a capping agent.

Conclusion: Pterocarpus marsupium silver nanoparticles are found to be effective for anti-diabetic activity. The study found without using any chemical reagent as a stabilizing agent the silver nanoparticles are stable. Hence this cost-effective and eco-friendly method is highly promising for the future.

 

Author (s) Details

 

J Bagyalakshmi
Sri Ramakrishna Institute of Paramedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Coimbatore, India.

 

H Haritha
Sri Ramakrishna Institute of Paramedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Coimbatore, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/psnid/v1/2456

Role of Herbal Medicine “Diabetocure” on Clinical and Biochemical Parameters of Diabetes: A Clinical Approach | Chapter 6 | Advanced Concepts in Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 5

The objective of present research work is to design and develop herbal formulation in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes is a metabolic disorder characterized by chronically elevated blood glucose above the normal range. Around 400 herbal treatments for diabetes mellitus are reported, but only a few of these have been approved of their therapeutic efficacy. Traditional treatments have mostly disappeared in occidental societies, but some are prescribed by practitioners of alternative medicine or taken by patients as supplements to conventional therapy. A hypoglycemic action from some treatments has been confirmed in animal models and non-insulin dependent diabetic patients, and various hypoglycemic compounds have been identified. The herbal substitutes for insulin and related anti-diabetic drugs seems challenging, but herbal treatments can provide valuable clues for the development of new oral hypoglycemic agents and simple dietary adjuncts. Patients in drug powder group showed significant improvement in the management of diabetes as well as subjective relief in symptoms with diabetes while placebo group had no significant change in pain score at the end of 12 weeks. It is recommended that larger and longer duration trials are required to establish the efficacy and safety of drug powder in treatment of diabetic as well as its comparison with other groups of drugs before it can he proved to be better than other drugs in controlling the painful diabetic neuropathy symptoms.

Author(s) Details:

Ayush Garg,
Department of Pharmaceutics, Venkateshwar Institute of Pharmacy, Sai Tirupati University, Umarda, Udaipur (Rajasthan), India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ACPR-V5/article/view/13282

Exploring the Plant Based Extracts for Treatment of Diabetic Caused by Steroids | Chapter 9 | Current Overview on Pharmaceutical Science Vol. 8

 The present study was judge the hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effect of ethyl acetate (EAEPC) and ethanolic (EEPC) extracts from fruits of Pyrus communis by dexamethasone-inferred diabetic rats. Chronic hyperglycemia during diabetes causes glycation of corpse proteins that in turn leads to subordinate complications moving eyes, kidneys, nerves and arteries. The various groups of animals were inferred for diabetes with dexamethasone (10 mg/kg bw- sc) during the day for 11 days except normal control. The extracts 200mg/kg and glibenclamide 5mg/kg was executed to treat the diabetic rats once daily for 11 days. When distinguished to the diabetic control, the treated groups illustrated significant (p<0.01) antagonistic-diabetic and hypolipidemic activity. The extracts have the alike beneficial belongings on blood glucose levels as the standard. Additionally, it upholds body weight while threatening elevated levels of triglycerides (TGL), depressed density lipoproteins (LDL), very reduced density lipoproteins (VLDL), and total cholesterol (TC). It likewise increases low levels of extreme density lipoprotein (HDL). We got near the conclusion that two together extracts had the potential to be persuasive oral hypoglycemic cures and showed promise for the production of phytomedicines for diabetes mellitus and its complications.

Author(s) Details:

C. Velmurugan,
Department of Pharmacology, PGP College of Pharmaceutical Science and Research Institute, Namakkal-637207. Affiliated to The Tamilnadu Dr M.G.R Medical University, Chennai, Tamilnadu-600032, India.

Sujith Thomas,
Department of Pharmacology, Moulana College of Pharmacy, Affiliated to Kerala University of Health Sciences, Thrissur, Kerala-680596, India.

S. Venkatesh,
Department of Pharmacology, National College of Pharmacy, Kerala-673602. Affiliated to Kerala University of Health Sciences, Thrissur, Kerala-680596, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/COPS-V8/article/view/9868

Investigating the Anti-diabetic Effect of Leucaena leucocephala Linn. (Ipil-Ipil) Seed Extract on Albino Mice | Chapter 5 | Recent Research Advances in Biology Vol. 11

 Using the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) using albino mice as test animals, the anti-diabetic action of Leucaena leucocephala Linn. (Ipil-ipil) seed extract was demonstrated. The researchers also wished to identify the phytochemicals in the extract, as well as assess its physical properties and compare its effects at three concentration levels to a positive control, a commercially available anti-hyperglycemic medicine. The extract contained alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, tannin, and phenolic components, but no anthraquinone or steroid. The extract was orange in colour, tasted good, had a pH of 5.44, and was miscible in water and acetone but not chloroform. The extract with a 50 percent concentration was found to be the most effective in reducing blood glucose levels (BGL) in the experimental animals, whereas the pure extract with a 100 percent concentration was found to be the least effective. However, there were no notable variations in terms of Between the concentration levels and the commercial medicine, BGL decreases. As a result, the anti-diabetic activities of Leucaena leucocephala Linn are comparable to those of the commercial anti-hyperglycemic medicine Metformin. Additional plant parts should be studied for anti-diabetic potential, taking into account the identification of other secondary metabolites that may be present in plant components, as well as other potential applications.

Author (S) Details

Elchin R. Juanico
Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, University of Eastern Philippines, University Town, Northern Samar, Philippines.

Abel Alejandro U. Flores
Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, University of Eastern Philippines, University Town, Northern Samar, Philippines and University Research and Development Services, University of Eastern Philippines, University Town, Northern Samar, Philippines.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/RRAB-V11/article/view/2144