Atypical Diabetes- Neonatal and Monogenic Forms of Diabetes Mellitus | Chapter 10 | Medicine Essentials in Clinical Practice

Monogenic forms of diabetes are part of the group of atypical diabetes. People with atypical forms of diabetes have symptoms and signs that are different from those of type 1 or type 2 diabetes. Monogenic diabetes is a rare condition resulting from mutations (changes) in a single gene. In contrast, the most common types of diabetes—type 1 and type 2—are caused by multiple genes (and in type 2 diabetes, lifestyle factors such as obesity). The majority of monogenic diabetes cases are inherited from a parent who has the condition. It is responsible for 2–5% of all cases of diabetes mellitus. Monogenic diabetes comes in a variety of types and mostly affects young adults, primarily those under 25. Most disease types are characterized by a decrease in the body's ability to produce insulin, a hormone that helps the body use glucose (sugar) for energy. Rarely, the issue is significant insulin resistance, which occurs when the body is unable to adequately use insulin. This chapter covers the specific form of monogenic diabetes may be called also MODY (formerly, maturity-onset diabetes of the young) or neonatal diabetes, depending on when it develops. One subset of Atypical Diabetes is Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults (LADA) which is also covered extensively in this chapter.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Rohit Raina
Department of General Medicine, AIIMS Bathinda, Punjab- 151001, India.

 

Preeti Singh Dhoat
Department of General Medicine, AIIMS Bathinda, Punjab- 151001, India.

 

Maninder Kansal
Department of General Medicine, AIIMS Bathinda, Punjab- 151001, India.

 

Deepak Chaudhary
Department of General Medicine, AIIMS Bathinda, Punjab- 151001, India.

 

Dinesh Prajapat
Department of General Medicine, AIIMS Bathinda, Punjab- 151001, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mono/978-93-49238-92-3/CH10

Role of Herbal Medicine “Diabetocure” on Clinical and Biochemical Parameters of Diabetes: A Clinical Approach | Chapter 6 | Advanced Concepts in Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 5

The objective of present research work is to design and develop herbal formulation in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes is a metabolic disorder characterized by chronically elevated blood glucose above the normal range. Around 400 herbal treatments for diabetes mellitus are reported, but only a few of these have been approved of their therapeutic efficacy. Traditional treatments have mostly disappeared in occidental societies, but some are prescribed by practitioners of alternative medicine or taken by patients as supplements to conventional therapy. A hypoglycemic action from some treatments has been confirmed in animal models and non-insulin dependent diabetic patients, and various hypoglycemic compounds have been identified. The herbal substitutes for insulin and related anti-diabetic drugs seems challenging, but herbal treatments can provide valuable clues for the development of new oral hypoglycemic agents and simple dietary adjuncts. Patients in drug powder group showed significant improvement in the management of diabetes as well as subjective relief in symptoms with diabetes while placebo group had no significant change in pain score at the end of 12 weeks. It is recommended that larger and longer duration trials are required to establish the efficacy and safety of drug powder in treatment of diabetic as well as its comparison with other groups of drugs before it can he proved to be better than other drugs in controlling the painful diabetic neuropathy symptoms.

Author(s) Details:

Ayush Garg,
Department of Pharmaceutics, Venkateshwar Institute of Pharmacy, Sai Tirupati University, Umarda, Udaipur (Rajasthan), India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ACPR-V5/article/view/13282

The Role of Central Obesity in the Pathophysiology of Metabolic Syndrome | Chapter 21 | New Frontiers in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 10

 Obesity (usually central), hypertension, dyslipidemia, glucose intolerance, prothrombotic condition, and inflammation are all part of the Metabolic Syndrome. MetS has been linked to the development of type 2 diabetes and heart disease. Jean Vague linked the presence of male type (android form) adiposity to the development of diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular illnesses, which are all major factors in the MetS, in the 1940s and early 1950s. The National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATPIII), the World Health Organization (WHO), and the International Diabetes Federation all use different criteria to establish MetS. (IDF). In these classifications, central obesity is a key component of MetS. This is largely owing to the adipocyte's pivotal involvement in the syndrome's development. The contents of this article were derived from a comprehensive internet search of relevant literature, and it attempts to review the pathophysiological significance of central obesity in the development of the metabolic syndrome's components. We advocate for early diagnosis of central obesity by basic methods such as measuring the waist circumference with a measuring tape.

Author (S) Details

G. Odoh
Department of Internal medicine, Jos UniversityTeaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria.

J. N. Uwakwe
Department of Internal medicine, Jos UniversityTeaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria.

J. O. Edah
Department of Internal medicine, Jos UniversityTeaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria.

J. E. Ojobi
Department of Internal Medicine, Federal Medical Center Markudi, Nigeria.

E. K. Chuhwak
Department of Internal medicine, Jos UniversityTeaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/NFMMR-V10/article/view/3541

Study on Iron Integration in Anaemias and New Pharmaceutical Technologies Correlation between Pharmaceutical Iron Technology and the Effectiveness of Supplements | Chapter 5 | New Ideas Concerning Science and Technology Vol. 11

 Since iron is needed for many metabolic processes, it is one of the most important elements for humans. It is also known to be harmful because of its negative effects within human cells, where it can cause the development of free radicals in the absence of homeostatic equilibrium. While iron is an essential trace element for living organisms, including humans, since it performs multiple metabolic and biological synthesis functions, it has a low tolerance for the significant risks associated with its consumption.

Furthermore, an excessive accumulation of iron in tissues may lead to iron overload, a life-threatening disease. The use of liposomes as carriers may be a promising iron therapy for increasing iron bioavailability and reducing negative effects, particularly during pregnancy.

In this paper, we present the results of Post-Marketing Surveillance and Technological Up-grading on a Ferrous-sulphate in liposomes-based product with B-complex vitamins (Iron-folic) in the years 2017-2018.

Author (s) Details

Bruno ` Riccardi
Italy of Lipotech S.A. Alberti 1751, 1766 La Tablada, Buenos Aires, Argentina.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/NICST-V11/article/view/679