Hepatoprotective Effects of Lotus Leaf Flavonoids in CCl₄-Induced Liver Injury in Mice | Chapter 9 | Molecular Mechanisms and Signaling Pathways of the Anti-inflammatory Effects of Functional Foods

 

Modern medical studies have revealed that the main active components of lotus leaves are flavonoids and alkaloids. The flavonoids in lotus leaves have been reported to reduce the blood lipid level, to have anti-allergy, anti-cancer, anti-ageing, bacteriostatic, and anti-oxidation functions, and to be helpful in treating cardiovascular diseases. This study examined the protective effects of lotus leaf flavonoids (LLF) against carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄)-induced liver injury in mice. A Kunming mouse model of hepatic injury was established via intraperitoneal injection of CCl₄. The mice were orally administered LLF, after which serum biochemical markers and hepatic mRNA expression levels were analysed. Compared with the model group, LLF treatment significantly lowered the liver index and reduced serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), triglyceride (TG), and total cholesterol (TC). Histopathological evaluation further demonstrated that LLF effectively attenuated morphological disruption and hepatocellular necrosis in liver tissues exposed to CCl₄. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis revealed that LLF significantly up-regulated the mRNA expression of antioxidant enzymes, including copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn-SOD), manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), and catalase (CAT), while down-regulating the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators such as tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) (p < 0.05). In conclusion, LLF exhibits notable hepatoprotective activity against CCl₄-induced liver injury and holds promise for further development as a natural therapeutic agent. Lotus and its leaves have certain biological activities, in particular, some studies showed that they had good antioxidant activity, and their antioxidant activity also played a protective role in cells, especially in liver cells and the liver. This study also showed that the polyphenols contained in lotus leaves had a good intervention in alcoholic liver injury.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Tongji Liu
Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China, Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China and College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China.

 

Fang Tan
Department of Public Health, Our Lady of Fatima University, Valenzuela 838, Philippines.

 

Xingyao Long
Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China and Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China.

 

Yanni Pan
Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China and Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China.

 

Jianfei Mu
Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China and Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China.

 

Xianrong Zhou
Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China and Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China.

 

Runkun Yi
Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China and Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China.

 

Xin Zhao
Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China and Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mono/978-81-998509-0-3/CH9

Process Optimisation of Antioxidant Shuidouchi and Its Protective Effects against DSS-Induced Colitis in Mice | Chapter 6 | Molecular Mechanisms and Signaling Pathways of the Anti-inflammatory Effects of Functional Foods

 

Intestinal health plays an important role in maintaining a high quality of life. Digestive absorption, metabolism, and mucosal immunity can decline with age, and the number of probiotics in the digestive system can rapidly decrease. Shuidouchi, a traditional Chinese fermented soybean product, involves multistep production processes that have not yet been standardised. By optimising fermentation parameters and enhancing the content of bioactive components, it can be developed into high-quality products with improved health-beneficial properties. In this study, single-factor experiments were conducted to establish different processing conditions, aiming to identify those yielding the highest levels of active ingredients and the strongest in vitro antioxidant activity. Additionally, the preventive effect of Shuidouchi against dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)‑induced colitis in mice was investigated. The results demonstrated that the optimal process conditions consisted of 12 h of soaking, fermentation in a glass container at 35 °C for 48 h. Shuidouchi produced under these conditions exhibited the highest concentration of soybean isoflavones and displayed superior antioxidant capacity compared to other fermentation conditions. The extract prepared from Shuidouchi obtained via the optimised process (soaked in twice the volume of water for 12 h, placed in a glass container, and fermented at 35 °C for 48 h) prevented colitis-associated shortening of the colon and increased the colon weight‑to‑length ratio in mice.

 

Furthermore, Shuidouchi extract significantly reduced the disease activity index and decreased serum levels of endothelin (ET), substance P (SP), and interleukin‑10 (IL‑10), while elevating levels of somatostatin (SS), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), and interleukin‑2 (IL‑2) in colitic mice. It also increased colon tissue levels of glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), whereas it reduced myeloperoxidase (MPO) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Gene expression analysis in colon tissues revealed that Shuidouchi extract upregulated the mRNA expression of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), c‑Kit, and stem cell factor (SCF). Moreover, Shuidouchi treatment downregulated the protein expression of interleukin‑6 (IL‑6), IL-12, and tumour necrosis factor‑α (TNF‑α) in mice with colitis. In conclusion, the optimised Shuidouchi processing method effectively alleviates experimental colitis, an effect closely associated with its elevated soybean isoflavone content. The results of this study can confirm the effect of Shuidouchi on colitis only to a certain extent. Therefore, it is necessary to further verify the effect of Shuidouchi on the human body. At the same time, the mechanism of Shuidouchi in the human body also requires comprehensive and in-depth experiments. As basic research, this study has played a specific theoretical role.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Jing Zhang
Environment and Quality Inspection College, Chongqing Chemical Industry Vocational College, Chongqing 401228, China and Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China.

 

Qin Li
Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China and College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 400047, China.

 

Yang Wei
Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China.

 

Xingyao Long
Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China and Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Cha University, Seongnam 13488, Gyeongghi-do, Korea.

 

Jianfei Mu
Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China and College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.

 

Yanni Pan
Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China and Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Cha University, Seongnam 13488, Gyeongghi-do, Korea.

 

Xin Zhao
Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mono/978-81-998509-0-3/CH6

Pharmacological Evaluation of Tamarindus indica Leaf Extract: Analgesic, Anti-inflammatory, and CNS Depressant Effects| Chapter 5 | Pharmaceutical Science: New Insights and Developments Vol. 9

 

 

Background: Tamarindus indica leaves have been traditionally used to manage pain, inflammation, and disorders of the nervous system. Different parts of plants—including leaves, fruit pulp, bark, and seeds—are traditionally used to treat fever, gastrointestinal disorders, inflammation, pain, and various infections. Scientific evidence supporting these uses is limited, prompting an evaluation of their pharmacological activities in experimental models.

 

Aim: The present study aimed to evaluate the pharmacological effects of Tamarindus indica leaf extract, specifically its analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and central nervous system (CNS) depressant activities, in order to assess its potential therapeutic applications.

 

Methods: Fresh leaves of T. indica were collected from the campus of the University of Rajshahi, Bangladesh. An aqueous extract of T. indica leaves was administered to mice at doses of 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg. Analgesic activity was assessed using the acetic acid–induced writhing test. Anti-inflammatory effects were measured through carrageenan-induced paw oedema. Central nervous system (CNS) depressant activity was examined using the Open Field and Hole Cross tests to determine changes in locomotor and exploratory behaviours.

 

Results: The extract produced significant, dose-dependent analgesic effects, with 100 mg/kg showing 77.94% inhibition of writhing, comparable to the standard drug (83.33%). Anti-inflammatory activity also increased with dose and time, with notable suppression of paw oedema at later phases of inflammation. In CNS activity tests, both doses—particularly 100 mg/kg—significantly reduced movement and exploratory behaviours, indicating strong CNS depressant action.

 

Conclusion: T. indica leaf extract exhibits potent analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and CNS depressant properties in mice. These effects may involve modulation of inflammatory pathways and central neurotransmitter systems such as GABA. The results support traditional uses of the plant and highlight its potential for future development of natural therapeutic agents. Further studies are needed to identify active compounds and clarify their mechanisms of action.

 

 

Author(s) Details

KHADIZA KHANAM
Department of Pharmacy, Varendra University, Rajshahi, Bangladesh.

 

A. H. M. MOSTOFA KAMAL
Rajshashi Medical College Hospital, Rajshahi, Bangladesh.

 

MOSTAFIZUR RAHMAN
Department of Pharmacy, Varendra University, Rajshahi, Bangladesh.

 

SHAMMI AKHTER
Department of Pharmacy, Varendra University, Rajshahi, Bangladesh.

 

SIMIN SHABNAM LOPA
Department of Pharmacy, Varendra University, Rajshahi, Bangladesh.

 

MD. ATIKUL ISLAM
Department of Pharmacy, Varendra University, Rajshahi, Bangladesh.

 

MD. SARWAR JAHAN
Department of Pharmacy, Varendra University, Rajshahi, Bangladesh.

 

NURUNNAHAR
Department of Pharmacy, Varendra University, Rajshahi, Bangladesh.

 

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/psnid/v9/6722

Comparative Study of Commercial Vaccines' Efficacy against Mannheimia haemolytica in a Mouse Model | Chapter 9 | Research Perspective on Biological Science Vol. 5

 

Mannheimia haemolytica together with Pasteurella multocida represents a major bacterial causative agent of buffalo, cattle, sheep and goat respiratory diseases, and it's one of the most important causes for economic losses to these animals. Vaccination has proven to be the most cost-effective strategy for controlling a wide range of infectious diseases. The cross-protection between Pasteurella species has been demonstrated. Commercially available vaccines were used to prevent infections caused by P. multocida and M. haemolytica. Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the cross-protection efficacy of two vaccines to protect mice against M. haemolytica, studying humoral immunity, using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), and conducting a challenge test. Forty-five mice were divided into three equal groups; group one and two were inoculated 4μl subcutaneously JOVAPAST® and 1μl of Al-kindi vaccines, respectively, while the third group (control group) was inoculated with 0.5 ml PBS. Lethal Dose 50 (LD50) for M. haemolytica was estimated as 2× 106 cfu/ml, and a challenge test was conducted by dropping 0.05 ml 2× 106 cfu/ml intranasally after three weeks of immunisation for the three groups. The results of Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay showed a significant increase of antibody titers at (P<0.01) in groups 1 and 2 after first- and second-post immunisation, in comparison with the control group. Also, the re-isolation of M. haemolytica from lung tissue of all groups, after the challenge test, was positive with a significant difference between the control and immunised group. The control group was 4× 108 cfu ∕ml, which was higher than the immunised group one and group two, which were 2.5×104 cfu∕ml and 3,5×105 cfu∕ml, respectively, after 24 hours of intranasal infection. In conclusion, the two commercial vaccines showed good cross-protection efficacy against M. haemolytica, but the JOVAPAST® vaccine showed higher efficacy than the Alkindi vaccine, as it contains two heterologous inactivated strains and provides the basis for the production of a vaccine from the two pathogen of local strains is recommended.

 

Author(s) Details

Waffa A. Ahmed
Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Baghdad, Iraq.

 

Asmaa H. Abdullah

Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Baghdad, Iraq.

 

 

Ansam K. Mohammed
Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Baghdad, Iraq.

 

Roua J. Mohammed
Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Baghdad, Iraq.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rpbs/v5/2612

 

Role of Caspase-12 in Hepatocyte Apoptosis Induced by Carbon Tetrachloride in Mice | Chapter 13 | Medical Science: Trends and Innovations Vol. 10

Toxic liver damage can lead to acute liver failure, hepatic fibrosis, and even carcinogenesis. This study aimed to explore the role of caspase-12 and its downstream targets in hepatocyte apoptosis induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄). To determine the role of caspase-12, caspase-12 knockout mice were used. Wild-type and caspase-12 knockout mice received a single intraperitoneal injection of either CCl₄ (300 μl/kg BW) or vehicle (corn oil). The animals were sacrificed 24 hours after treatment, and blood samples were collected to assess liver function through alanine aminotransferase activity. Liver samples were analyzed for reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels using plasma malondialdehyde as a biomarker, hepatocyte apoptosis via TUNEL assay and morphological analysis, and cytochrome C release and caspase activation through western blotting.

In wild-type mice, low-dose CCl₄ administration caused hepatocyte apoptosis and acute liver injury, accompanied by increased ROS production and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in the liver. These events triggered the activation of caspases-12, -9, and -3, along with the release of small amounts of cytochrome C. However, in CCl₄-treated caspase-12 knockout mice, the activation of caspases-9 and -3 was significantly reduced, while cytochrome C release remained unaffected. Compared to wild-type mice, CCl₄-induced apoptosis and liver damage were substantially attenuated in caspase-12 knockout mice (p < 0.05). Notably, the active form of caspase-8 was not detected in either wild-type or knockout mice. Additionally, there was no significant difference in ROS formation between the two groups following CCl4 treatment.

These findings demonstrate that caspase-12 plays a critical role in CCl₄-induced hepatic apoptosis by directly or indirectly activating effector caspase-3 downstream, with partial involvement of caspase-9 activation. In conclusion, prolonged exposure to even low levels of CCl₄ could cause liver pathology in humans, warranting further clinical and animal studies to investigate the long-term consequences of minimal exposure.

 

Author (s) Details

Hua Liu
Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 39216, USA.

 

Madison Nicole Burton
University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA.

 

Neha Dhaliwal
William Carey University, 710 William Carey Pkwy, Hattiesburg, MS 39401, USA.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/msti/v10/4801

Determination of Acute Toxicity and Anti-Anxiety Activity of Hydroalcoholic Leaf Extracts of Selected Medicinal Plant Extracts | Chapter 10 | Novel Aspects on Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 9

 The severe toxicity and anxiolytic effects of hydroalcoholic Tapinanthus dodoneifolius, Bryophyllum pinnatum, and Terminalia catappa leaf extracts were checked. Limit dose severe toxicity testing in rodent was used to assess acute toxicity. The open-field example (OFT) was used to assess anxiolytic project after 1 moment of single spoken administration of water purified by distillation, extracts (at three dose levels), and diazepam (0. 5 mg/kg) utilizing the behavioral indications of mean centre zone time (CZT), centre zone re-access (CZR), and defeaction/urination repetitiveness (D/UF). Acute toxicity testing tells that the extracts are safe, accompanying an LD50 of 5g/kg. On the OFT paradigm, alone acute T. dodoneifolius and B.pinnatum extract situations demonstrated consistent prescription-dependency in anxiolytic action across the three parameters of mean CTZ, mean CZR, and mean MD/UF, accompanying T. catappa extract exhibiting prescription-dependent anxiolytic effect only on the first limit. At the maximum dosage level of 500 mg/kg, nevertheless, all plant extract treatments had anxiolytic belongings equivalent to 0.5 mg/kg diazepam treatments.  The findings concerning this study justify the established use of medicinal plant extracts in the situation of neuropsychiatric illnesses.

Author(s) Details:

Umarudeen A. M.,
Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria.

Khan F.,
Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NAPR-V9/article/view/11906

Rutin Attenuates Symptoms Associated with Endotoxemia by Regulating LPS-Induced Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines | Chapter 2 | Novel Aspects on Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 9

 Background: Rutin, a open flavonoid compound widely distributed in buckwheat, salads and fruits, is a well-known for a type of biological actions and pharmacological effects.Objectif: The present study proposed to explore whether Rutin keep attenuate lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-persuaded inflammatory answers in an experimental endotoxemia. Methodology: We investigated the attainable effects of Rutin against LPS-persuaded endotoxemia model in vivo to determine either Rutin could rescue mice from resultant death afterwards their exposure to LPS. Forty-eight mice were detached into four groups (n=12/group) and challenged accompanying LPS (5–40 mg/kg) via a alone intraperitoneal (IP) injection. The mice were noticed for mortality doubly a day for 7 days, and continuation rates were recorded. Mice were treated accompanying RT at different doses (60, 80 or 100 mg/kg), or bicycle (5% of DMSO in saline), for one intraperitoneal (i.p.) route. One hour later, animals were disputed with LPS (20 mg/kg). The reactions of cytokines were also evaluated in serum isolated from ancestry collected at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 24 h subsequently LPS administration of the rodent.Results: The study indicates that Rutin showed suppressing effects on TNF- α, IL-6, and IL-1 β result by LPS- challenged rodent. Furthermore, RT protected mice by reconstructing host survival against LPS challenge.Conclusion: The verdicts demonstrate that rutin offers guardianship against LPS-induced endotoxemia and will be potentially valuable as an adjuvant situation for inflammatory diseases.

Author(s) Details:

Lanan Wassy Soromou,
University of Labé, P.O. Box 210, Republic of Guinea and Institute of Science and Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 09, Republic of Guinea.

Morlaye Kindia Sylla,
Institute of Science and Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 09, Republic of Guinea.

Mohamed Keyra,
Institute of Science and Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 09, Republic of Guinea.

Youssouf Sidime,
Institute of Science and Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 09, Republic of Guinea.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NAPR-V9/article/view/11895

Investigation of Gomphogyne bonii Gagnep. Extract Profile for Antidiabetic Effect in the Experimental Type 2 Diabetes Model | Chapter 5 | Current Progress in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 5

 This member was designed to evaluate the antidiabetic effect of G. bonii extract in the experimental study. Diabetes mellitus has grown into a global well-being threat to association. Particularly those who have diabetes have continually had to deal with allure problems and the unexpected side effects of artificial medications. As a result, skilled is now a tendency between researchers to uncover novel natural elements that are both more reliable and successful in the situation of diabetes. Gomphogyne bonii Gagnep. extract (G. bonii extract) was a herbal-derivative product of the Pharmacy Department, Vietnam University of Traditional Medicine. In order to judge the antidiabetic effect of G. bonii extract, a type 2 diabetes model was conducted in rodent. The main pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes has been guide peripheral insulin fighting and deficient insulin result due to the dysregulation of insulin discharge. The result of histopathological examination granted that there was a important improvement in the building of the liver after 2-temporal length of event or entity's existence period at the groups discussed with G. bonii extract. In conditions of histopathological concepts of the pancreas, no clear effect was noticed in the groups treated accompanying G. bonii extract as compared accompanying the The results revealed that G. bonii extract at two together doses ameliorated the effects of ALX on the aggregation of glucose, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), Low-Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol (LDL-C) and calculating-histological images of resident.  Additionally, the G. bonii extract's antidiabetic impact was stronger at a prescription of 12 mL/kg b.w./day than it was at a application of 4 mL/kg b.w/day. As a result, it was hypothesised that G. bonii extract ability one day be secondhand in clinical scenes to treat diabetes mellitus.

Author(s) Details:

Pham Quoc Binh,

Vietnam University of Traditional Medicine, Hanoi, Vietnam.

Nguyen Duy Thuan,

Vietnam University of Traditional Medicine, Hanoi, Vietnam.

Vu Viet Hang,

Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam.

Pham Thuy Phuong,

Vietnam University of Traditional Medicine, Hanoi, Vietnam.

Pham Quoc Su,

Vietnam University of Traditional Medicine, Hanoi, Vietnam.

Duong Van Phu,

Vietnam University of Traditional Medicine, Hanoi, Vietnam.

Phuong Thien Thuong,

Vietnam - Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam.

Dinh Thi Thu Hang,

Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam. 

Pham Thi Van Anh,

Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CPMMR-V5/article/view/11385

A Brief Overview on Experimental Zoology: Advancements, Problems and Future Prospects | Chapter 08 | Research Aspects in Biological Science Vol. 2

 Advances in cell and molecular biology have created totally new animal models that are now routinely employed to solve both practical and scientific concerns. In the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries, the greatest fantasies in this field became a reality. The development of genetically engineered fish, inbred strains, and humanised mouse models are among the most notable breakthroughs in this subject, as summarised in this article.

Author(S) Details

Andrei Alimov
Research Center for Medical Genetics, Moscow, 115478 Russia.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/RABS-V2/article/view/6708

Functional Effects of Fermented Soybean Food in China | Book Publisher International

 In East Asia, such as China, Japan, and South Korea, fermented soybean cuisine is a popular snack. In China, fermented soybean products are tasty and can be used for both seasoning and treatment. Long-term consumption can boost food intake, eliminate buildup, and break up stagnation. The functional roles of two key Chinese soybean fermented products, Shuidouchi and fermented soymilk, are summarised in this paper. Shuidouchi and Chinese fermented soymilk contain antioxidant, weight-loss, anti-inflammation, and cancer-prevention properties, according to many research, and are two good functional food classes. In China, the summary of this research will help to promote and enable a better knowledge of soy fermented foods and their functional purposes.

Author(s) Detalis

Dr. Xin Zhao
Chongqing University of Education, China.

Ms. Jing Zhang
Chongqing Chemical Industry Vocational College, China.

Dr. Xianrong Zhou
Chongqing University of Education, China.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/FEFSFC/issue/view/233

Probiotics - Isolated from Pickles (Fermented Vegetables) in Sichuan of China | Book Publisher International

 The most common probiotics are lactic acid bacteria, which are frequently employed in fermented foods, medication, feed, and beverages. Pickles are fermented vegetables cooked by common Chinese families in Sichuan region and Chongqing. Lactic acid bacteria are common in Sichuan pickles. By constructing disease models in experimental mice, the benefits of Lactobacillus isolated from Sichuan pickles on anti-constipation, antioxidant, anti-aging, anti-nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, weight loss, and cancer prevention were detected in this monograph. Pathological examination, detection of serum indices, and mRNA and protein expression analyses all revealed that lactic acid bacteria isolated from Sichuan pickles had a wide range of biological activities. As can be observed, Sichuan pickles Lactobacillus is a type of probiotic resource that has to be developed and utilised further.

Author(s) Detailts

Xin Zhao
Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, P.R. China and Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, P.R. China and College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, P.R. China and College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P.R. China.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/PIPFVSC/issue/view/189

Probiotics - Isolated from Yak Yoghurt in Qinghai Tibet Plateau of China | Book Publisher International

 The most representative probiotics are lactic acid bacteria, which are typically used in fermented foods, medications, foods and beverages. Yak yoghurt is a kind of fermented milk produced in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, China, by Tibetan herdsmen. In Yak yoghurt, there are abundant lactic acid bacteria. In this monograph, the anti-constipation, anti-colitis, anti-alcoholic anti-liver injury, anti-gastric injury, anti-aging and weight loss effects of Lactobacillus isolated from yak yoghurt were observed by the establishment of disease models in laboratory mice. The results of pathological observation, identification of serum indexes, mRNA and study of protein expression indicated that there were diverse biological activities of lactic acid bacteria isolated from yak yoghurt. It can be seen that yak yoghurt lactobacillus is a form of probiotic resource that requires more growth and use to be used.

Author(s) Details

Dr. Xin Zhao
Chongqing University of Education, China.

View Book :- http://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/337

Acute and Sub-chronic Toxicity Study of the Extract and Powder of Operculina macrocarpa (L.) Urb. in Mice: Recent Perspectives | Chapter 8 | Current Strategies in Biotechnology and Bioresource Technology Vol. 2

The aim of the study was to evaluate the experimental acute and sub-chronic toxicities of Operculina macrocarpa with plant extract and powder, respectively, in male and female mice. Phytochemical prospection was performed with extract and administration in single doses by intraperitoneal route   to six groups and control at 1230, 970, 700, 350, 120 and 30 mg/kg doses and distilled water   (0.1 ml/10 g), respectively. Sub-chronic doses of 1230, 700, 30 mg/kg/day and satellite (1230 mg/kg/day) were administered orally in feed. Major endpoints included alterations in the central and autonomic nervous system, water and food intake, body weight, hematological and biochemical parameters. Phytochemical screening identified compounds: Alkaloids, flavonoids, xanthones, leucoanthocyanidins and tannins condensate. In the acute study, mortality was observed with toxicity signs to the central nervous system (CNS) at LD50 of 270 mg/kg. There were no significant changes in water and food intake, body weight, haematological and biochemical parameters, and histopathological examination in the sub-chronic study (p value). Results indicate that the oral administration of O. macrocarpa powder in feed is less toxic and relatively safer.

Author(s) Details

Carpejane Ferreira da Silva
Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Campina Grande, UFCG, Patos, Paraíba, Brazil.

Ana Célia Rodrigues Athayde
Biological Sciences Unit, Federal University of Campina Grande, UFCG, Patos, Paraíba, Brazil.

Marcílio Fontes Cezar
Veterinary Medicine Unit, Federal University of Campina Grande, UFCG, Patos, Paraíba, Brazil.

Onaldo Guedes Rodrigues
Veterinary Medicine Unit, Federal University of Campina Grande, UFCG, Patos, Paraíba, Brazil.

Sergio Santos Azevedo
Biological Sciences Unit, Federal University of Campina Grande, UFCG, Patos, Paraíba, Brazil.

José Galberto Martins da Costa
Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Crato, Ceara, Brazil.

Fabrício Kleber de Lucena Carvalho
Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Campina Grande, UFCG, Patos, Paraíba, Brazil.

View Book :- http://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/206