Process Optimisation of Antioxidant Shuidouchi and Its Protective Effects against DSS-Induced Colitis in Mice | Chapter 6 | Molecular Mechanisms and Signaling Pathways of the Anti-inflammatory Effects of Functional Foods

 

Intestinal health plays an important role in maintaining a high quality of life. Digestive absorption, metabolism, and mucosal immunity can decline with age, and the number of probiotics in the digestive system can rapidly decrease. Shuidouchi, a traditional Chinese fermented soybean product, involves multistep production processes that have not yet been standardised. By optimising fermentation parameters and enhancing the content of bioactive components, it can be developed into high-quality products with improved health-beneficial properties. In this study, single-factor experiments were conducted to establish different processing conditions, aiming to identify those yielding the highest levels of active ingredients and the strongest in vitro antioxidant activity. Additionally, the preventive effect of Shuidouchi against dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)‑induced colitis in mice was investigated. The results demonstrated that the optimal process conditions consisted of 12 h of soaking, fermentation in a glass container at 35 °C for 48 h. Shuidouchi produced under these conditions exhibited the highest concentration of soybean isoflavones and displayed superior antioxidant capacity compared to other fermentation conditions. The extract prepared from Shuidouchi obtained via the optimised process (soaked in twice the volume of water for 12 h, placed in a glass container, and fermented at 35 °C for 48 h) prevented colitis-associated shortening of the colon and increased the colon weight‑to‑length ratio in mice.

 

Furthermore, Shuidouchi extract significantly reduced the disease activity index and decreased serum levels of endothelin (ET), substance P (SP), and interleukin‑10 (IL‑10), while elevating levels of somatostatin (SS), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), and interleukin‑2 (IL‑2) in colitic mice. It also increased colon tissue levels of glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), whereas it reduced myeloperoxidase (MPO) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Gene expression analysis in colon tissues revealed that Shuidouchi extract upregulated the mRNA expression of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), c‑Kit, and stem cell factor (SCF). Moreover, Shuidouchi treatment downregulated the protein expression of interleukin‑6 (IL‑6), IL-12, and tumour necrosis factor‑α (TNF‑α) in mice with colitis. In conclusion, the optimised Shuidouchi processing method effectively alleviates experimental colitis, an effect closely associated with its elevated soybean isoflavone content. The results of this study can confirm the effect of Shuidouchi on colitis only to a certain extent. Therefore, it is necessary to further verify the effect of Shuidouchi on the human body. At the same time, the mechanism of Shuidouchi in the human body also requires comprehensive and in-depth experiments. As basic research, this study has played a specific theoretical role.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Jing Zhang
Environment and Quality Inspection College, Chongqing Chemical Industry Vocational College, Chongqing 401228, China and Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China.

 

Qin Li
Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China and College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 400047, China.

 

Yang Wei
Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China.

 

Xingyao Long
Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China and Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Cha University, Seongnam 13488, Gyeongghi-do, Korea.

 

Jianfei Mu
Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China and College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.

 

Yanni Pan
Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China and Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Cha University, Seongnam 13488, Gyeongghi-do, Korea.

 

Xin Zhao
Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mono/978-81-998509-0-3/CH6

Nutrigenomics | Chapter 09 | Recent Updates in Disease and Health Research Vol. 7

 

Recent developments in the field of nutrigenomics are advancing nutrition research and creating new paradigms. "Nutrigenomics" is the application of genomic principles to the discovery of associations between certain nutrients and genetic variables. Addressing the risk factors for chronic degenerative diseases linked to nutrition is crucial in order to address the underlying mechanism of hereditary predisposition. The development of a profound understanding of genetic variations and gene expression patterns has been made possible by advances in the sciences related to the study of genes. This understanding has helped to develop treatment responses for chronic degenerative disorders linked to public health. Nutrigenomics information aids in developing individualized nutrition plans for disease treatment and disease prevention.

 

Author(s) Details :-

 

Seema Sonkar
Department of Food Science and Nutrition, CSA University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur, 208002, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Richa Singh
Department of Food Science and Nutrition, CSA University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur, 208002, Uttar Pradesh, India.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rudhr/v7/326

Repetitive DNA and Its Roles in Diverse Facets of Biology | Book Publisher International

 

‘‘C-value paradox’’ or ‘‘C-value enigma’’, has intrigued biologists for over half a century. Rapid advances in DNA sequencing are now providing compelling evidence showing that variation in DNA amount arises predominantly from differences in the frequency of polyploidy, abundance of non-coding repetitive DNA and the dynamics of the processes that amplify, erode and delete DNA. Repetitive elements (REs) comprise large proportions of eukaryotic genomes and are fundamental to the evolutionary process. REs can be classified as interspersed or tandem repeats. Interspersed repeats include transposable elements (e.g., retrotransposons), which encode proteins that facilitate their movement and proliferation in genomes. Tandem repeats (e.g., satellite DNAs) can form large blocks (e.g., megabases) of relatively short non-coding sequences in repeated arrays. Together, interspersed and tandem repeats comprise a major fraction of the prokaryotic and eukaryotic genomes.

 

REs exhibit an array of structural and evolutionary effects on genome evolution across species. TEs can be associated with genome rearrangement through various mechanisms, such as de novo TE insertion, TE insertion-mediated deletion, and homologous recombination between them. These rearrangements increase the genomic difference between genomes, and some specific rearrangements may lead to complex diseases. TEs transpose and insert themselves between genes; they can disrupt gene order, create gene duplications, or cause gene deletions. These structural changes can have significant effects on the organisation and function of the genome. Also, through recombination, TEs can serve as recombination sites in the genome, promoting genomic rearrangements. Recent studies reveal that chromosome-specific repetitive elements and small RNA-based chromatin regulation have been repeatedly adapted to guide epigenetic regulation of a chromosome. In the present book, we explore several aspects of Repetitive DNA ranging from chromosome to transcriptional regulation. At the chromosomal level roles of RE in Centromere organisation, histone and kinetochore dynamics evolution, viability and degeneration are reviewed using representative examples. Epigenetic and roles of repetitive DNA in human diseases have been recognised as niche areas by researchers furthering the role of RE in gene regulation, sex chromosome differentiation, are its major contribution to genomes.

 

Author(s) Details

Kiran Kumar Halagur Bhoge Gowda

Affiliated to Nrupathunga University, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mono/978-81-991027-6-7

Unveiling the Hidden Costs: Part-1: Introduction | Book Publisher International

This study investigates the metabolic discrepancies in energy consumption and waste production between cancerous and non-cancerous cells, with a focus on the Warburg effect. Utilizing a multidisciplinary approach that includes biochemical analyses, clinical data, and metabolic simulations, we developed a model of cancer cell energy dynamics. Our findings reveal that cancer cells demonstrate substantially increased glucose uptake and lactate production, even in oxygen-rich environments. This metabolic reprogramming, while promoting rapid cell proliferation, imposes a high metabolic cost on the host’s energy economy. We identify potential therapeutic targets within these altered energy pathways, suggesting that interventions aimed at these metabolic inefficiencies could enhance the effectiveness of existing treatments and lead to novel therapeutic approaches. By emphasizing metabolic costs, our research offers a fresh perspective on cancer treatment strategies, advocating for the incorporation of metabolic considerations in the development of anti-cancer therapies.

 

Author (s) Details

Cemil KOYUNOGLU
Energy systems engineering Department, Engineering Faculty, Central Campus, Cinarcik Road 5th Km, Yalova University, Yalova, Turkey and Istanbul University, Faculty of Open and Distance Education, Department of Laboratory and Veterinary Health, Associate Degree Program, AUZEF, Sun Plaza, Science St. No:5, Block B, 34398 Maslak, Sariyer/Istanbul, Turkey.

 

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mono/978-93-48388-52-0

Nutrigenomics | Chapter 9 | Recent Updates in Disease and Health Research Vol. 7

 

Recent developments in the field of nutrigenomics are advancing nutrition research and creating new paradigms. "Nutrigenomics" is the application of genomic principles to the discovery of associations between certain nutrients and genetic variables. Addressing the risk factors for chronic degenerative diseases linked to nutrition is crucial in order to address the underlying mechanism of hereditary predisposition. The development of a profound understanding of genetic variations and gene expression patterns has been made possible by advances in the sciences related to the study of genes. This understanding has helped to develop treatment responses for chronic degenerative disorders linked to public health. Nutrigenomics information aids in developing individualized nutrition plans for disease treatment and disease prevention.

 

Author(s)details:-

 

Seema Sonkar
Department of Food Science and Nutrition, CSA University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur, 208002, Uttar Pradesh, India.

 

Richa Singh
Department of Food Science and Nutrition, CSA University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur, 208002, Uttar Pradesh, India.

 

Please See the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rudhr/v7/326

High-Risk Non-syndromic Hearing Loss Associated with Gene Mutations by Using DNA Marker Screening | Chapter 12 | Novel Research Aspects in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 1

 This study was proposed to screen DNA in high-risk Non-syndromic trial loss patients in Arbil city. Congenital trial loss (trial loss present at birth) is individual of the most accepted chronic environments in children. Hearing loss has existed described as ultimate common disabling condition general. Congenital hearing misfortune (hearing loss present at beginning) is one of ultimate prevalent never-ending conditions in children. Many deafness and trial problems cases were recorded in our region. This research screened 132 ancestry samples from 132 participants (80 newborns and 52 things) aged middle from two points 14-22 years at Hiwa Institute for deaf and mutes. MTRNR1 genes were acted for molecular discovery of mutant genes. The mutation deoxyribonucleic acid was amplified by miscellaneous tetra primer PCR. G- mito-1555-F1, mito-1555-R1 (O), mito-1555-F2 (I), and mito-1555-R2.(I) trial loss mutations were not observed in 132 ancestry samples from both classes and genotyped in MTRNR1. For mtDNA 12S rRNA mt.1555A>G, no mutation alleles were detected in all of the tests, and no wrong-positives were recognized. On a 2% agarose gel, having 50 of something-two samples were easily separated utilizing all of the primers; two of the primers were outer primers and so forth were inner primers. With 52 molecular samples, two unconnected bands (wild type at 254 bp and control at 341 bp) were visualized. 28 of the 80 samples had 341 bp control bands. In 80 samples, we looked for mutations but found no one.MTRNR1 mutation genes were absent in collected samples in deafness-accompanying mutation. Genetic tests for the deafness gene can better recognize infant inborn NSHL cases than conventional screening processes.

Author(s) Details:

Yasin Kareem Amin,
Hawler Medical University, General Directorate of the Institute of Forensic Medicine, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NRAMMS-V1/article/view/11790

A Case Report: An Approach to Recognize a Role in Ketogenic Diet Response in Autism with Positive CHD8 | Chapter 3 | Recent Developments in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 9

 Autism is a neurological disorder that affects a person's ability to communicate and socialise. The symptoms of autism spectrum disorder are now untreatable with current medications. Epilepsy is often co-morbid with symptoms of autistic spectrum disorder. Ketogenic diets are very helpful in treating epilepsy in children, and multiple studies have shown that they are also useful in treating Autism and its associated behaviour.

This research examines the impact of a ketogenic diet on a child with autism spectrum condition and their behaviour. Starting at the age of five, the child was put on ketogenic diet formulations, diet protocols were followed, and sociability and reactive behaviour tests were administered. The ketogenic diet helped people with autism spectrum disorder improve their behaviour. Multiple indicators of sociability were enhanced, and repetitive behaviour was reduced in an ASD child who was fed a ketogenic diet. Positive autism gene mutations may play a key role in determining how those children respond to a high-fat diet.

Author(S) Details

Amal AlQassmi
Department of Pediatric Neurology and Epilepsy, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Maha AlOtiabi
King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Fahad AlRabeeah
Pediatric Endocrinology, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/RDMMR-V9/article/view/4582