VActinomycetes as Xylanase Producers: A Pathway towards Sustainable Future | Chapter 7 | Microbiology and Biotechnology Research: An Overview Vol. 2

Lignocellulosic biomass serves as a renewable raw resource. There has been increased industrial interest in leveraging this raw material through the advancement of new technologies. Various microbial enzymes interact with biomass to generate the desired products under optimal industrial conditions. Xylanases play a crucial role in breaking down the xylosidic bonds within the Xylan backbone of the biomass, and commercial enzymes are classified into distinct glycoside hydrolase families. Through genetic engineering, optimized xylanases can be developed: a novel xylanase is extracted from an extreme environment and subsequently genetically altered to enhance its applicability in industrial settings. Recombinant protein methods have enabled the engineering and production of thermostable xylanases in Actinomycetes. It has been tried to explore the biotechnological potential of xylanases derived from Actinomycetes and the techniques used for their optimization and expression in industrial applications.

 

Author (s) Details

Mrunal K. Bhatt
Department of Microbiology, Atmiya University, Rajkot, Gujarat- 360005, India.

 

Swati B. Khunt
Department of Microbiology, Atmiya University, Rajkot, Gujarat- 360005, India.

 

Unnati B. Yagnik
Department of Microbiology, Atmiya University, Rajkot, Gujarat- 360005, India.

 

Mousumi B. Das
Department of Microbiology, Atmiya University, Rajkot, Gujarat- 360005, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mbrao/v2/5105

Transgenic Vegetable Breeding for Nutritional Quality and Health Benefits: A Review| Chapter 3 | Emerging Trends in Disease and Health Research Vol.4.

 Using transgenic techniques, this article highlights recent initiatives to analyse and change nutrients and bioactive chemicals in vegetable crops. Malnutrition and poor dietary habits have become significant risk factors for noncommunicable illnesses. Vegetables are an essential component of a healthy diet. Around 3 billion people worldwide are malnourished as a result of imbalanced diets. Vegetables can help avoid ailments caused by malnutrition. Genetic engineering can be used by vegetable breeders to introduce desirable transgenes into superior cultivars, considerably enhancing their value. It also gives you a one-of-a-kind opportunity to improve your nutritional quality and gain other health benefits. Many vegetable crops have been genetically modified to improve nutritional value, flavour, and bitterness, as well as to reduce anti-nutritional components. Vaccines can also be delivered using transgenic vegetables. Consuming more nutritious transgenic vegetables may benefit consumers even more; for example, enhancing crop carotenoids through metabolic sink modulation via genetic engineering appears to be possible in some crops. Ca uptake could be improved by genetically engineering carrots with increased calcium contents, lowering the risk of calcium deficiency diseases like osteoporosis. Fortified transgenic lettuce with zinc will address the shortage of this vitamin, which severely impairs organ function. Transgenic tomatoes that contain enough folate to meet an adult's daily requirements can also help to combat folate deficiency, which is a global health issue. Anthocyanin-rich tomatoes can also be developed using genetic engineering. Transgenic lettuce containing greater levels of tocopherol and resveratrol may aid in the prevention of coronary artery disease, arteriosclerosis, and cancer chemoprevention. Transgenic procedures can help increase food safety and health benefits; for example, cyanide-free cassava variants will benefit rural African resource deprived consumers. If proven benefits and safety are demonstrated, growers and consumers will accept biotechnology-derived vegetable crops.

Author(s) Details:

João Silva Dias,
University of Lisbon, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal.


Rodomiro Ortiz,
Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ETDHR-V4/article/view/6046

Transgenic: Why should their Adoption and Consumption in Nigeria be taken with Cautiousness | Chapter 01 | New Visions in Biological Science Vol. 4

 Genetic engineering, which entails removing genetic material from one creature and splicing it into the chromosomes of another, is expected to change agriculture in the near future. It has resulted in the emergence of a new class of organisms known as Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) (GMOs or Transgenic). GMO crops have several advantages, including increased yields and reduced pesticide and herbicide use. Today, genetically modified crops are thriving all over the world, notably in five key countries: the United States, Argentina, China, Canada, and Brazil. In 2014, GMO crops were planted on 181.5 million hectares around the world, with the United States accounting for 40.28 percent of that total. Today, genetically altered canola, corn, cotton, and soybeans account for about 5% of all canola, 13% of corn, 31% of cotton, and 51% of soybeans farmed around the world. Despite its enormous potential, the adoption and consumption of GMO crops in Nigeria should be approached with caution. Long-term scientific studies of their health and environmental consequences have yet to be conducted. This call is backed up by the ramifications of previous scientific discoveries. Nobody realised when DDT was discovered, for example, that spraying it over a large region would cause it to be bio-magnified via the food chain and concentrated hundreds of thousands of times in the human body. CFCs were heralded as a fantastic discovery when they were first developed - inert chemicals that were excellent carriers for aerosol sprays. The scavenging action of CFCs on ozone in the upper atmosphere was recognised only after millions of tonnes of CFCs were released into the atmosphere many years later. This study intends to illustrate not only the advantages of this new technology, but also the need for care when it comes to the acceptance and consumption of GM crops in Nigeria.

Author(S) Details

P. C. Aju
Department of Forestry and Environmental Management Technology, Imo State Polytechnic, Umuagwo-Ohaji. P.M.B. 1472, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/NVBS-V4/article/view/4293

Glossary of Molecular Biology Terms | Book Publisher International

 More than 1500 technical terms from the fields of molecular biology are described in this glossary, allowing the consumer to locate and comprehend terms and concepts contained in books and articles about molecular biology. The need to publish this lexicon, which has become more than a necessity in the sense of the evolution of this scientific field, which has been marked by rapid growth over the last 20 years, in my opinion. This glossary is intended for a broad audience, including students of molecular biology, biotechnology, genetic engineering, microbiology, and agronomy, as well as anyone interested in learning more about this area.

Author(s) Details

Setti Benali
Agronomy and Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences (FSNV), Chlef University, Algeria.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/GMBT/issue/view/49

Guidelines and Priorities for Breeding and Sustainable Production of Vegetable Cultivars | Chapter 4 | Cutting-edge Research in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 5

Vegetables are essential ingredients in a healthy diet that is well balanced. Their rising consumption worldwide shows the recognition of their health benefits. Globally, the production and marketing of vegetable crops is rapidly evolving. This is mainly attributable to the increasing consumer demand for safe and nutritious vegetables, and to the growing size and effect of supermarket chains. Through testing, breeding and creativity, horticultural science will respond to many of these challenges, seeking to obtain more effective crop production methods, refined post-harvest storage and handling methods, new and higher value vegetable cultivars, and to demonstrate their health benefits.

Plant breeding requires dedicated expertise and infrastructure, plus substantial and reliable funding, and is a long-term endeavour. A core part of modern horticulture that combines seed development, genetic improvement, seed production, storage, and distribution is the high-tech seed industry. The global vegetable seed trade is dominated by a few multinational companies. The needs of both the customer and the producer have to be met and fulfilled by vegetable breeding. Plant breeding provides the means to introduce tolerance to host plants, to adapt crops to stressful conditions, and to grow cultivars with the desired quality of produce. Vegetable breeding advancement depends on specific expertise, emerging technology creation and implementation, access to genetic resources, and the capital to use them. Acquiring or rising market share is the driving force behind this innovation. For the production of new vegetable cultivars, access to technology as well as biodiversity is important. To prevent a potential conflict involving the rights of breeders, gene preservation and degradation, active and constructive relations between the private and public breeding sectors and large-scale gene banks are needed.
In order to breed vegetables for multifunctional horticulture (diversity, health promotion, post-harvest, year-round supply, etc.) and to cope with harsher climate conditions and lower inputs than expected, horticulturalists will need to grow cultural practises and vegetable breeders. Improved systems of production that can cope with severe climatic conditions must allow the production of vegetables under high temperatures, higher drought stress, increased salinity of the soil and intermittent flooding. This will require a blend of improved cultivars of vegetables and modified systems of production.

Author (s) Details

Prof. João Carlos da Silva Dias
Instituto Superior de Agronomia, University of Lisbon, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal.

View Book :- https://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/362

Integrated Plant Breeding Strategies for Harmony between Modern Agriculture Production and the Environment | Chapter 1 | Cutting-edge Research in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 3

 

The greatest problem for 2050, where the world population is estimated at 9.2 billion, is generating ample food that is healthy and nutritious. The overall food production would have to increase by 50 percent to 60 percent to feed these people. Climate models forecast that warmer temperatures and changes in drought frequency and length will have a negative effect on crop growth and productivity over the next few decades. An integrated agricultural and breeding agenda is needed for these new global challenges. It is important to intensify agro-ecosystems' sustainability by generating more food with lower inputs, adapting agriculture to climate change, maintaining biodiversity through its use, and making markets work for smallholder farmers in order to tackle the key current issues. In the successful growth of modern agriculture, plant breeding has played a crucial role. To resolve the complexity of the combined impacts of issues such as population development, food security , food safety and human security, We need to rethink the role of diversity in plant breeding in the preservation of biological diversity for health. The secret to cultivating climate-resilient, nutritious and profitable crops is the continuous availability of high-quality crop germplasm. Global efforts are under way to establish breeding populations, including wild and weedy relatives, through the exploitation of exotic germplasm. Advances in genomics, phenomics and bio-informatic tools have led to many knowledge-intensive methods being implemented to accelerate genetic gains in various food crops. The breeding method to be used is determined by trait heritability, gene action, the number of genes regulating the target trait(s), heterosis and genotype-environment interactions. The foundation of crop development techniques will remain traditional plant breeding. Genetic engineering has the ability to overcome some of the most complicated biotic limitations faced by farmers, which are not Via traditional plant breeding alone, easily handled. To remove coverage so broad that it stifles creativity, security measures and regulations, in particular patenting, must be moderated. In order to facilitate science and the free flow of materials and information, they must be made less restrictive. Through data and code sharing, an open source software system has the potential to increase breeding performance, while open source seed systems should allow continued seed saving, breeding, and seed exchange without restriction. In order to bring "harmony" between agriculture and the environment, plant breeding can be a powerful tool, but collaborations and collaboration are needed to make this a reality.

Author (s) Details

João Carlos da Silva Dias,
University of Lisbon, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal.

View Book :- https://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/274