Assessing the Impact of Greenhouse Gas Emissions and UV Index on Climate Changes in Iraq | Chapter 3 | Geography, Earth Science and Environment: Research Highlights Vol. 4

Assessing the Impact of Greenhouse Gas Emissions and UV Index on Climate Changes in Iraq | Chapter 3 | Geography, Earth Science and Environment: Research Highlights Vol. 4

Climate change in Iraq has an impact that makes Iraq's environmental challenges. The environment is deteriorating due to greenhouse gas emissions causing global warming. Greenhouse gases (CO₂, CH₄, H₂O) absorb the sun’s heat that radiates from the Earth’s surface, trap it in the atmosphere, and prevent it from escaping into space The greenhouse effect keeps the Earth’s temperature warmer. Measurements of the emissions of greenhouse gases including Carbon Dioxide (CO₂) and Methane (CH₄) were taken for Iraq. UV Index charts for the Southern region of Iraq (Basra Province), Central region (Baghdad Province) and Northern region (Duhok Province) for the Summer and Winter seasons of 2024 are shown in this work. Results indicated that Carbon Dioxide (CO₂) is emitted in larger quantities, particularly in Iraq, due to its heavy reliance on fossil fuels for power generation, transportation, and industry. While Methane (CH₄) is emitted in larger quantities compared to (CO₂), it is a far more potent greenhouse gas, where Methane has about 25 times the global warming potential of carbon dioxide (CO₂). Values of the UV Index in Iraq illustrated that the three regions (Basra, Baghdad and Duhok) during the Summer and Winter Seasons (2024), confirmed a big difference between the two seasons. The results indicate an increase and decrease in the values of the (UV) Index between the Summer and Winter seasons due to the proximity and distance of the Earth from the Sun in its circular motion in the elliptical orbit around the Sun.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Prof. Dr. Saad M. Potrous
Department of Petroleum Engineering, College of Engineering University of Basra, Iraq.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/geserh/v4/3908

Formation Mechanism and Sustainable Utilization of Ningwu Ice Cave in China | Chapter 5 | Novel Perspectives of Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences Vol. 4

 The present study examined the energy exchange of Ningwu Ice Cave and before quantitatively interprets the formation and preservation system of the ice deposit. Heat strength is conducted inefficiently into the iceberg cave from outside and divider rock in spring, summer, and fall. While in winter, heat energy is moved very efficiently on account of the air natural change of possession, thus cooling it unhappy. Wherever the annual average air temperature is above 0 °C, ice caves can be raise. The largest hailstone cave in China, Ningwu Ice Cave in Shanxi Province, serves as an exemplification. We simulate the heat transfer process at this ice grotto using the Finite Element Method in consideration of quantitatively investigate the mechanism of establishment and preservation of the glaze cave. The estimation aids in assessing the belongings of global toasting, tourists, coloured lights, important conditions, and other determinants on the long-term growth of the ice cave as a touristry resource. Other icicle caves in China had sealed doors installed at the entrances in an effort to "cover" them, but this obviated cooling in the winter, and the iceberg in these caves will completely yield within tens of age. Rare natural landscapes usually have a very high advantage in terms of exercise. The benefit extends beyond erudition to include commerce. Like ice caves, particularly those in the direction of temperate domains like Ningwu Ice Cave. On the one help, ice bodies maybe used to study small-scale temperature changes over the past few decades. On the other hand, on the base of scientific protection and growth, ice caves maybe opened to tourists as a travel resource to advance the development of the local touristry market and drive the development of green saving with local traits. Details of sustainable utilization of Ningwu Ice Cave in China were resolved.

Author(s) Details:

Shaohua Yang,
Key Laboratory of Deep-Earth Dynamics of Ministry of Natural Resources, Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, China.

Yaolin Shi,
Key Laboratory of Computational Geodynamics, College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NPGEES-V4/article/view/9644

Qualifying Earth's Nature to be Able to Face the Latest Developments of the Climate Changes| Chapter 1 | Current Advances in Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences Vol.2

The effects of global warming on climate change are numerous. Melting world's glaciers, desertification, and high-powered hurricanes are three of these consequences that have a severe impact on civilization and life on Earth. Melting world's glaciers guides world's sea level to extreme levels, threatening sinking of wide important areas of the Earth via sea water, and desertification threatens the demise of all kinds of life in green areas by turning them into deserts, while high-powered hurricanes threaten the demise of civilization and life on Earth. It became clear that climate change is an issue of increasing energy in the environment, which increases the speed of chemical and physical reactions and changes paths to negative effects and results. As a result, new and smart ways to handle high energies in the Earth's environment and divert negative paths to positive effects and results upon the environment and life should be discovered.
Purpose: Enhance Earth's natural beauty in order to mitigate the consequences of climate change on the environment and life.
Methods: Use the same energy resources that cause global warming and climate change to extract drinking water and qualify the Earth's nature to support life factors, avoiding the use of additional energy resources to extend the life of our used systems, and finally integrating them as natural landmarks.
Results: Global warming is the result of a high level of energy in the Earth's environment, which causes an increase in the speed of chemical and physical reactions among the materials in nature, resulting in unintended consequences, such as an unregulated distribution of water quantities in the Earth's environment, with a lack of water in some areas causing desertification and an increase in other areas causing flooding. Most of the causes of climate change are due to industrial emissions, but because the world's industry and economy still rely on fossil energy resources, it's impossible to change the current situation in a blink of an eye. There are some conferences and agreements aimed at reducing recent rates of industrial emissions, but the adopted programmes only work in the long run, until it's possible to build a sophisticated industrial base that relies on renewable energy sources. For instance, when attempting to combat desertification.
Volume 2 of Current Advances in Geography, Environment, and Earth Sciences is now available.
Qualifying Earth's Nature to Handle the Most Recent Climate Change Developments
The systems must already rely on the same factors that cause desertification, such as high rates of temperatures and atomic diffusion of water into the air, while taking advantage of the natural energies of heat and gravity force of Earth. Note that as the temperature rises, so does the rate of evaporation of water from the water surface.

Author(s) Details:

Armen Ohan,
Research Fellow, Materials Science and Physics, Iraq.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CAGEES-V2/issue/view/569 

Integrated Plant Breeding Strategies for Harmony between Modern Agriculture Production and the Environment | Chapter 1 | Cutting-edge Research in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 3

 

The greatest problem for 2050, where the world population is estimated at 9.2 billion, is generating ample food that is healthy and nutritious. The overall food production would have to increase by 50 percent to 60 percent to feed these people. Climate models forecast that warmer temperatures and changes in drought frequency and length will have a negative effect on crop growth and productivity over the next few decades. An integrated agricultural and breeding agenda is needed for these new global challenges. It is important to intensify agro-ecosystems' sustainability by generating more food with lower inputs, adapting agriculture to climate change, maintaining biodiversity through its use, and making markets work for smallholder farmers in order to tackle the key current issues. In the successful growth of modern agriculture, plant breeding has played a crucial role. To resolve the complexity of the combined impacts of issues such as population development, food security , food safety and human security, We need to rethink the role of diversity in plant breeding in the preservation of biological diversity for health. The secret to cultivating climate-resilient, nutritious and profitable crops is the continuous availability of high-quality crop germplasm. Global efforts are under way to establish breeding populations, including wild and weedy relatives, through the exploitation of exotic germplasm. Advances in genomics, phenomics and bio-informatic tools have led to many knowledge-intensive methods being implemented to accelerate genetic gains in various food crops. The breeding method to be used is determined by trait heritability, gene action, the number of genes regulating the target trait(s), heterosis and genotype-environment interactions. The foundation of crop development techniques will remain traditional plant breeding. Genetic engineering has the ability to overcome some of the most complicated biotic limitations faced by farmers, which are not Via traditional plant breeding alone, easily handled. To remove coverage so broad that it stifles creativity, security measures and regulations, in particular patenting, must be moderated. In order to facilitate science and the free flow of materials and information, they must be made less restrictive. Through data and code sharing, an open source software system has the potential to increase breeding performance, while open source seed systems should allow continued seed saving, breeding, and seed exchange without restriction. In order to bring "harmony" between agriculture and the environment, plant breeding can be a powerful tool, but collaborations and collaboration are needed to make this a reality.

Author (s) Details

João Carlos da Silva Dias,
University of Lisbon, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal.

View Book :- https://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/274