Assessing the Impact of Greenhouse Gas Emissions and UV Index on Climate Changes in Iraq | Chapter 3 | Geography, Earth Science and Environment: Research Highlights Vol. 4

Assessing the Impact of Greenhouse Gas Emissions and UV Index on Climate Changes in Iraq | Chapter 3 | Geography, Earth Science and Environment: Research Highlights Vol. 4

Climate change in Iraq has an impact that makes Iraq's environmental challenges. The environment is deteriorating due to greenhouse gas emissions causing global warming. Greenhouse gases (CO₂, CH₄, H₂O) absorb the sun’s heat that radiates from the Earth’s surface, trap it in the atmosphere, and prevent it from escaping into space The greenhouse effect keeps the Earth’s temperature warmer. Measurements of the emissions of greenhouse gases including Carbon Dioxide (CO₂) and Methane (CH₄) were taken for Iraq. UV Index charts for the Southern region of Iraq (Basra Province), Central region (Baghdad Province) and Northern region (Duhok Province) for the Summer and Winter seasons of 2024 are shown in this work. Results indicated that Carbon Dioxide (CO₂) is emitted in larger quantities, particularly in Iraq, due to its heavy reliance on fossil fuels for power generation, transportation, and industry. While Methane (CH₄) is emitted in larger quantities compared to (CO₂), it is a far more potent greenhouse gas, where Methane has about 25 times the global warming potential of carbon dioxide (CO₂). Values of the UV Index in Iraq illustrated that the three regions (Basra, Baghdad and Duhok) during the Summer and Winter Seasons (2024), confirmed a big difference between the two seasons. The results indicate an increase and decrease in the values of the (UV) Index between the Summer and Winter seasons due to the proximity and distance of the Earth from the Sun in its circular motion in the elliptical orbit around the Sun.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Prof. Dr. Saad M. Potrous
Department of Petroleum Engineering, College of Engineering University of Basra, Iraq.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/geserh/v4/3908

Analysis of the Fuel Economy and Carbon Dioxide Emissions of a Heavy-Duty Vehicle in Part of a Driving Cycle | Chapter 10 | Research Developments in Science and Technology Vol. 8

A heavy-duty vehicle's fuel efficiency and carbon dioxide emissions are investigated in relation to the weight it is carrying, the slope of the road it travels on, and its speed. In the course of a driving cycle, a heavy-duty vehicle provides these final two variables. The heavy-duty vehicle weighs 14.742 tonnes empty, has a 10-gear transmission, and an engine with a maximum torque and power of 2100 Newton metres and 455.261 horsepower, respectively. The driving cycle is one method the US Environmental Protection Agency employs to electronically verify the fuel efficiency and carbon dioxide emissions of heavy-duty vehicles. There are two scenarios that are examined. In the first, a truck is hauling a 15-ton weight along a straight route. In the second case, the car is hauling a 25-ton weight while travelling down a 2° incline. The forces acting on the vehicle are first computed. The required engine torque to drive the vehicle is then obtained, and ultimately, the fuel use, fuel efficiency, and carbon dioxide emissions are assessed. The authors' computer software, UAMmero, is used to calculate the results. The investigation led to several suggestions for how to operate a heavy-duty truck more efficiently and with lower carbon dioxide emissions.

Author(s) Details:

N. Dominguez-Vergara,

Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana, Mexico.

D. N. Dominguez-Perez,

Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Mexico.

J. L Pantoja-Gallegos,

Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana, Mexico.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RDST-V8/article/view/7403