Current Status of Cold Chain Equipment: A Guarantee of Carbon Footprint Reduction from Food Waste to a Sustainable Environment| Chapter 2 | Research Advances in Environment, Geography and Earth Science Vol. 7

 

The cold chain is vital for reducing food waste and ensuring food safety. The installation, monitoring and maintenance of cold chain equipment would play a vital role in ensuring healthy food quality and reducing losses and pollution. The objective of this work was to evaluate the current status of commercial cold chain equipment primarily, and secondarily to determine elements associated with the management of cold chain equipment.

 

To achieve this, a cross-sectional descriptive study began on August 7 to September 23, 2023, covering 84 commercial establishments including supermarkets, delicatessens and butchers, food, and butchers in the city of Lubumbashi. The data were collected by interview and direct cross-sectional observation on the evaluation of the conservation of frozen products (fish, meat, and cold meats) on the market in the city of Lubumbashi. To assess the quality of all included studies, two analysts independently assessed the quality of the included data by checking the completeness of the inclusion criteria.

 

The results show us that the structures using cold chains are food stores, butchers, delicatessens, and supermarkets and sometimes in a certain combination. All these structures mainly use freezing and sometimes refrigeration to maintain the cold chain. Equipment such as cold chain freezers, quick freezers, refrigerated cabinets and refrigerators and insulated boxes are all the equipment used for this purpose, powered by the supply of electric current throughout and often using generators and rarely solar panels in the event of an outage of electric current. Thus, these structures operate in an environment rich in temperature fluctuations leading to rapid deterioration of food, waste, responsible for 4% of global greenhouse gas emissions GHG, the equivalent of the contribution of the entire African continent to climate change. Reducing food waste requires the commitment of all countries in the world to combat food waste, must take measures in terms of laws, systems and policies in order to develop an appropriate strategy for reducing food loss and waste is one of the important issues related to sustainable development.

 

This work demonstrated the importance of the quality of cold chain equipment on food quality and its impact on the carbon footprint, a situation observable from the production, transport, storage, and elimination of food. The use of solar energy would be a solution in this process because it produces less greenhouse gases.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Kasamba Ilunga Eric
Faculty of Medicine, University of Lubumbashi, DR Congo.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/raeges/v7/1391

The Causes of Climate Change in Iraq and Steps for Practical Solutions | Chapter 11 | Research Advances in Environment, Geography and Earth Science Vol. 8

 

Iraq was very different two decades ago. Dust fills the air and is stirred up by hot winds. There are vast areas of barren land dotted with stubborn palm trees that struggle patiently to withstand the elements. Climate change in Iraq is having impacts that make Iraq's environment, security, politics, and economic challenges worse, high temperatures, severe drought, declining rainfall, desertification, salinization, and the increased prevalence of dust storms have undermined the agricultural sector in Iraq.

 

In addition, Iraq's water security depends on the deteriorating Tigris and Euphrates river systems. National and regional political uncertainty will make mitigating climate change and addressing transnational water governance very difficult for the state of Iraq for years to come. Greenhouse gas emissions per capita are higher than the global average.

 

Human emissions of greenhouse gases are the primary driver of climate change today. CO2 and other greenhouse gases like methane and nitrous oxide are emitted by burning fossil fuels in Iraq, Annual emissions figures for Iraq; CO2 country profile are often used for contribution to climate change.

 

Climate changes in Iraq due to greenhouse gas emissions lead to a decline in the Ozone layer, and thus the Ultraviolet radiation index that reaches northern, central and southern Iraq is very high.

 

Three steps of solutions are illustrated in this work to address climate change in Iraq for treatment of the burning of associated gas due to oil operations, which contributes effectively and extensively to pollutant gases to the atmosphere, which contribute to the phenomenon of global warming of the atmosphere, as it affects climate change in Iraq and the world.

 

The solutions that are reviewed can be implemented for the purpose of benefiting from the production of liquefied gas for export to support the national economy of Iraq or establishing gas-powered electric generating stations, in addition to developing plans to eliminate gas burning as a measure for environmental safety and preserving the health of humans and other organisms.

 

Author(s) Details

Saad M. Potrous
Department of Petroleum Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Basra, Iraq.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/raeges/v8/1833

Impact of Climate Change on Plant Biodiversity and Its Role in Promoting a Sustainable Green Environment | Chapter 10 | Current Advances in Plant Science, Molecular Biology and Health Sector

It is well-known fact that climate, biodiversity and environment are interdependent. Climate is the pillar of good quality of life of plants, animals, nature and human beings. This study intends to examine how climate change affects plant biodiversity and explore the role of plant biodiversity in supporting and promoting a sustainable green environment. Climate change, mainly through greenhouse gases and global warming, is causing a great threat to plant and animal biodiversity as well as the loss of the green environment. The main cause of the increase in temperature is due to the presence of greenhouse gases in the air, such as CO₂, methane, ozone, nitrous oxide and others, causing a change in the weather pattern. The major effects of climate change on plants are the reduction in plant productivity due to a rise in temperature, causing many problems to life as plants are the primary producers of food for wildlife too. With the change in environment, many invasive species especially weeds, have a greater adaptability to grow and replace many native plants in the ecosystem. The sea-level rise due to global warming causes the increasing salinity in coastal areas, affecting the coastal ecosystem, particularly mangrove plants. Different parameters causing climate change have been discussed in this study. This review also illustrates the effects of climate change on various plant ecosystems—including grasslands, forests, mountains, and aquatic systems such as freshwater and mangroves—and explores potential solutions aimed at restoring a sustainable green environment on Earth. With the increasing global changes of the climate, the decline of biodiversity and habitats of plants and animals are leading to the extinction of many species of the ecosystem by exceeding the normal limit of a healthy society. Conserving and managing biodiversity is critical to maintaining the Earth’s natural systems and supporting vulnerable communities facing climate impacts. Under these circumstances, global awareness is crucial to manage the adverse effects of climate change.

 

Author(s) Details

Professor Satyesh Chandra Roy
Department of Botany, Centre of Advanced Study for Cell and Chromosome Research, University of Calcutta, India.

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mono/978-81-989371-7-9/CH10

Assessing the Impact of Greenhouse Gas Emissions and UV Index on Climate Changes in Iraq | Chapter 3 | Geography, Earth Science and Environment: Research Highlights Vol. 4

Assessing the Impact of Greenhouse Gas Emissions and UV Index on Climate Changes in Iraq | Chapter 3 | Geography, Earth Science and Environment: Research Highlights Vol. 4

Climate change in Iraq has an impact that makes Iraq's environmental challenges. The environment is deteriorating due to greenhouse gas emissions causing global warming. Greenhouse gases (CO₂, CH₄, H₂O) absorb the sun’s heat that radiates from the Earth’s surface, trap it in the atmosphere, and prevent it from escaping into space The greenhouse effect keeps the Earth’s temperature warmer. Measurements of the emissions of greenhouse gases including Carbon Dioxide (CO₂) and Methane (CH₄) were taken for Iraq. UV Index charts for the Southern region of Iraq (Basra Province), Central region (Baghdad Province) and Northern region (Duhok Province) for the Summer and Winter seasons of 2024 are shown in this work. Results indicated that Carbon Dioxide (CO₂) is emitted in larger quantities, particularly in Iraq, due to its heavy reliance on fossil fuels for power generation, transportation, and industry. While Methane (CH₄) is emitted in larger quantities compared to (CO₂), it is a far more potent greenhouse gas, where Methane has about 25 times the global warming potential of carbon dioxide (CO₂). Values of the UV Index in Iraq illustrated that the three regions (Basra, Baghdad and Duhok) during the Summer and Winter Seasons (2024), confirmed a big difference between the two seasons. The results indicate an increase and decrease in the values of the (UV) Index between the Summer and Winter seasons due to the proximity and distance of the Earth from the Sun in its circular motion in the elliptical orbit around the Sun.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Prof. Dr. Saad M. Potrous
Department of Petroleum Engineering, College of Engineering University of Basra, Iraq.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/geserh/v4/3908

Bridging the Gap between Public and Stakeholder Interests in Sustainable Energy Policy: A Meta-Analysis Study | Chapter 7 | Current Topics on Business, Economics and Finance Vol. 6

 The aim concerning this study is to explore the interests and ideas of stakeholders and the society on policies and technologies that advance energy sustainability. To accomplish this aim, we have set three achievable objectives. The first objective search out investigate stakeholders' belief on new policies and technologies that advance sustainable energy. The second objective search out comprehend reason the public may balk to embrace new technologies and procedures that promote strength sustainability. The third objective is to decide feasible approaches to serve the interests of shareholders while mitigating the important impact of unsustainable energy beginnings and obtaining public acceptance. In this meta-reasoning investigation, we selected 23 studies that join our rigorous addition and exclusion criteria. We resolved the extracted data utilizing HOMA and MARA. Our findings signify that stakeholders are primarily concerned in assuring energy independence and promoting energy from undepletable source solutions to address the environmental impact of nonrenewable fuel sources. On the other hand, the public is sensitive to procedural lawfulness, distribution justice, installation, and trust. Our study emphasizes the importance of aligning the interests of stakeholders and all to develop feasible and agreeable policies to drive tenable development.

Author(s) Details:

Heshan Sameera Kankanam Pathiranage,
Department of Economics and Management, Chengdu Sport University, P.O. Box-610093, Tiyuan Rd, Wuhou District, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CTBEF-V6/article/view/10641

The Emerging Climate Crisis: Thoughts of a Quaker Scientist and Possible Ways Forward| Chapter 1 | Current Advances in Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences Vol. 6

 The proof that anthropogenic fossil fuel byproducts are adding to the rising temperature of the Earth develops further constantly. While difficult to demonstrate, it is proposed that the connection between's carbon dioxide, CO2, fixations and the temperature of the planet is areas of strength for really. It follows that quick activities both by people and states all over the planet are significant to safeguard everybody against the climbing temperatures that are practically inescapable. The information for ozone harming substances are raised to date to the furthest limit of 2020, and the impacts of the Coronavirus pandemic on fossil fuel byproducts are featured starting from the beginning of that year. It is progressively trusted that methane, CH4, could end up being as serious an optional ozone harming substance as CO2. Potential changes in regulation and way of life are proposed for the UK. At a worldwide level and with the expectation that such subjects are brought out of the dark, tax collection strategies in light of overabundance utilization of carbon, food and its creation, and levels of populace on the planet are examined. The creator is a rehearsing individual from the Quaker (Society of Companions) religion, and all through he arrives at this issue from an ethical perspective. In particular, how the six Quaker Declarations (for example ways we ought to carry on with our existences) on Truth and Uprightness, Civil rights, Equity, Effortlessness, Harmony and Supportability lead him in specific individual bearings, and what guidance he could provide for States and World associations (for example the Assembled Countries). A compact clarification of the Quaker religion in the UK in the 21st century is composed somewhere else by Rowlands; quite a bit of it might shock numerous perusers.

Author(s) Details:

Richard Tuckett,
School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CAGEES-V6/article/view/8258

A Brief Study on Energy: The Link between GDP and Emissions | Chapter 9 | Modern Perspectives in Economics, Business and Management Vol. 10

 With more and more evidence validating the climate change hypothesis, the global energy-environment problem is unfolding. The accumulation of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere is inextricably related to economic output, as measured by GDP. We show the exact correlations between GDP, energy consumption, and greenhouse gas emissions for the entire world, both across time and cross-sectionally. The energy consumption, which has expanded substantially since 1970, is the intermediating link between total GDP and total emissions. Although energy consumption per GDP unit has decreased, the increase in GDP is more than sufficient to ensure that energy consumption per capita continues to rise. The findings presented here are unmistakable: Reducing energy consumption would result in a halt in economic growth, as GDP affects overall energy consumption, which in turn decides total CO2 equivalent emissions to a great extent.

Author(S) Details

Jan-Erik Lane
University of Freiburg, Germany.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/MPEBM-V10/article/view/4051

Awareness Adds to Knowledge. Stage of the Art Waste Processing Facilities and Industrial Waste Treatment Development | Chapter 10 | Current Approaches in Science and Technology Research Vol. 4

 Annually, over 2 billion tonnes of municipal solid waste (MSW) are created worldwide, with a growing tendency. Diverse countries have different techniques and techniques to combat the ever-growing garbage problem, with varying levels of sustainability. Waste can be dealt in a variety of ways, and the importance of activities related to the circular economy, for example, has lately been recognised on the sustainability front. The value of recycling is also recognised, and fortunately, the waste management sector is moving toward more holistic approaches and attempting to reduce trash discharge to landfills. However, landfills will almost certainly continue to exist in some form for waste that cannot be recycled or disposed of in any other way. To restrict the amount of garbage transported to landfills and to manage landfills more efficiently, it is necessary to understand what kind of landfills will be regarded necessary and why. This investigation examined one of the most efficient and modern state-of-the-art waste facilities from a technical and waste processing standpoint. Based on the information gathered, the authors propose technologically based solutions for addressing waste handling/processing issues and reducing the need for landfills.

Author(s) Details

Maria Kilpeläinen
Lappeenranta–Lahti University of Technology LUT, School of Engineering Science, Yliopistonkatu 34, 53850 Lappeenranta, Finland.

Ari Happonen
Lappeenranta–Lahti University of Technology LUT, School of Engineering Science, Yliopistonkatu 34, 53850 Lappeenranta, Finland.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/CASTR-V4/article/view/1044

Environmental Factors in Peatland Ecosystems | Book Publisher International

 Since they act as a reservoir or sink of gases, the peatland ecosystem plays an important role in global climate change. Particularly in relation to climate change, there are many factors that affect the environmental impact of peatlands. Biological and chemical factors that can impact peatland ecosystems are the main influences. The biodiversity of peatlands and the myriad adaptations of species to these unusual environments are biological factors. I carbon dioxide, (ii) methane flux, (iii) nitrous oxide (N2O) and (iv) other environmental factors are the chemical variables. These concentrated atmospheric gases account for approximately 73 percent of the total positive difference in energy flux. A detailed coverage of fundamental concepts and current practises and developments in the field of wetland ecology is given in the current book series. To understand how biological and chemical variables can influence the ecosystems of peatlands. To better understand peatlands ecology and how they affect our environment.

Author(s) Details

Ihab Alfadhel
China University of Geoscience, China.

View Book :- https://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/366