Effect of Supercritical CO2 Fluid on Mechanical Properties of Hemp Fibers | Chapter 2 | Science and Technology - Recent Updates and Future Prospects Vol. 4

Hemp fibers have gained increasing attention these last years for their diverse applications, ranging from textiles to construction materials. However, the conventional methods of processing hemp fibers often involve harsh chemicals and high energy consumption, posing environmental concerns. In this context, the utilization of supercritical CO₂ (scCO₂) technology presents a promising alternative due to its environmentally friendly nature. This study aims to assess the efficiency of this technology for the pretreatment of hemp fiber materials, with a focus on evaluating fiber quality improvements. The obtained results show a promising quality of hemp fibers after this specific pretreatment, especially in the presence of a swelling agent. The scCO₂ treatment appeared to remove non-cellulosic compounds from the fiber, thereby resulting in an improvement in its appearance and a decrease in its linear density. We should continue this investigation through further studies since it is an environmentally benign process.

 

Author(s)details:-

 

Harrabi L
Université de Haute-Alsace, Mulhouse, France.

 

Almuhamed R
Université de Haute-Alsace, Mulhouse, France.

 

Drean JY
Université de Haute-Alsace, Mulhouse, France.

 

Please See the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/strufp/v4/11840F

Metallocavitins as Emerging Bioinspired Catalysts | Chapter 8 | Progress in Chemical Science Research Vol. 4

 The continued sustainable advancement of human civilization is gravely threatened by the upcoming energy and environmental challenges. The switch to clean energy is urgently needed, as is the creation of effective technologies for chemical processing of renewable raw materials including water and atmospheric gases. Future technologies should be built on biomimetic chemical principles and heavily utilise bio-inspired techniques. Future chemical production must be waste-free, just as the natural movement of substances. First, artificial photosynthesis must be developed in order to learn how to utilise solar energy. The newly developed generation of bio-inspired catalysts, such as metallocavitins (MC), which are suitable chemical analogues of metalloenzymes, are of tremendous interest in this context. Metallocavitins, which include molecular cages, metal-organic frameworks (MOF), covalent organic frameworks (COF), and others, can simulate the chemical reactivity of metalloenzymes whose efficiency and selectivity are well established. Metallocavitin is primarily employed in enantioselective catalysis and precise organic synthesis. On the other hand, metallocavitins show excellent activity for reactions involving small gas molecules that require a lot of energy as well as good selectivity for converting them into useful products. This review's main goal is to showcase some recent developments in MC-based precision organic synthesis. In light of the significant issues that society is currently facing, much focus will be placed on the activation of tiny molecules like H2O, CO2, N2, O2, and CH4 as well as the potential for developing related technological processes.

Author(s) Details:

Albert A. Shteinman,
Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, RAN, Chernogolovka, Russian Federation.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/PCSR-V4/article/view/8187

Interference of Molecular Absorption Bands and Selection of the Best Spectral Regions for Laser Based Analysis of Molecular Gases | Chapter 8 | Newest Updates in Physical Science Research Vol. 14

 Using the HITRAN2006 database, the interference of the absorption bands of H2O, CO2, and numerous gaseous biomarkers was investigated in the middle and near-IR spectral range. In the situation of substantial interference of molecule absorption bands, one of the study's goals was to establish an algorithm for selecting the optimal spectral regions for laser-based analysis of molecular gases. The problem of vibration-rotation band interference for detected and interfering gases is exacerbated in the near-IR spectral area, according to research. The decrease in absolute band intensity for overtones and combination bands of molecular vibrations, as well as the relative rise in absorption in H2O lines and high density of CO2 lines in the near-IR spectral region, contribute to this aggravation.

Author (S) Details

E. V. Stepanov
A.M. Prokhorov General Physics Institute of Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia, 119991, 38 Vavilova Str Moscow.

View Book :-  https://stm.bookpi.org/NUPSR-V14/article/view/3163

Recent Development and Studies: Skin Resurfacing and Face-Lift in the Same Surgical Procedure | Chapter 9 | Highlights on Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 6

When doing a Facelift, we focus primarily on skin laxity; but, to completely rejuvenate a patient's face, we must also consider skin quality. Incorporating any type of Laser procedure with a Facelift will address the patient's sagging, wrinkles, open pores, blemishes, scars, and other concerns. The main goal of this research was to find the optimal mix of surgery and laser treatment in order to create a procedure that can be replicated in a variety of patients while also ensuring a satisfactory outcome, minimal recovery time, and no side effects.

Since 1994, this treatment has been used in more than 3873 patients with only minor problems. In order to reduce time and improve the patient's recovery, the facelift and skin resurfacing procedures are combined into one surgical treatment.

In 1994, we began adopting a facial rejuvenation surgical treatment technique that combined SMAS plication and skin resurfacing into a single surgical step. Skin Resurfacing using CO2 laser, on the other hand, takes 2 to 6 weeks to recover from. This procedure takes longer to recover from and causes more edoema, redness, and discomfort in the patient. As a result, we began using Erbium: YAG and CO2 Lasers for facial rejuvenation and skin resurfacing in 2000. (Derma K device). We can also use the CO2 laser in the cut (ablative) mode to perform blepharoplasty in the upper eyelid and the transconjunctival approach in the lower eyelid.

Author (s) Details

Aristides Arellano-Huacuja
Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Dermatology and Aesthetic Surgery Clinic of Puebla (MEX), Mexico.

Anja Arellano-Montalvo
Dermatology and Aesthetic Surgery Clinic of Puebla (MEX), Mexico.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/HMMS-V6/article/view/2110

Awareness Adds to Knowledge. Stage of the Art Waste Processing Facilities and Industrial Waste Treatment Development | Chapter 10 | Current Approaches in Science and Technology Research Vol. 4

 Annually, over 2 billion tonnes of municipal solid waste (MSW) are created worldwide, with a growing tendency. Diverse countries have different techniques and techniques to combat the ever-growing garbage problem, with varying levels of sustainability. Waste can be dealt in a variety of ways, and the importance of activities related to the circular economy, for example, has lately been recognised on the sustainability front. The value of recycling is also recognised, and fortunately, the waste management sector is moving toward more holistic approaches and attempting to reduce trash discharge to landfills. However, landfills will almost certainly continue to exist in some form for waste that cannot be recycled or disposed of in any other way. To restrict the amount of garbage transported to landfills and to manage landfills more efficiently, it is necessary to understand what kind of landfills will be regarded necessary and why. This investigation examined one of the most efficient and modern state-of-the-art waste facilities from a technical and waste processing standpoint. Based on the information gathered, the authors propose technologically based solutions for addressing waste handling/processing issues and reducing the need for landfills.

Author(s) Details

Maria Kilpeläinen
Lappeenranta–Lahti University of Technology LUT, School of Engineering Science, Yliopistonkatu 34, 53850 Lappeenranta, Finland.

Ari Happonen
Lappeenranta–Lahti University of Technology LUT, School of Engineering Science, Yliopistonkatu 34, 53850 Lappeenranta, Finland.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/CASTR-V4/article/view/1044

Research on Stable Ionized Calcium Concentration in Uncapped Plasma Samples | Chapter 12 | Current Advances in Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol. 4

 The concentration of ionized calcium (iCa) in the blood has been shown to be pH dependent. When a plasma specimen for iCa measurement is exposed to air prior to examination, it is routinely rejected in the clinical laboratory. The pH of the specimen, and thus the iCa concentration, is thought to be affected by a preanalytical variable such as specimen exposure to air. The loss of carbon dioxide caused by specimen exposure results in a rise in pH and a decrease in iCa concentration. iCa assessment is the best predictor of a patient's calcium status since it is the most active form physiologically. The aim of this research is to see how quickly these changes affect iCa concentration. We believe that the modifications are too sluggish and insignificant to justify the plasma specimen being rejected.

Methods: Appropriately collected whole blood samples were centrifuged and tested for iCa concentration on AVL by Roche, as per laboratory procedure. The first measurement was taken at time zero, and subsequent measurements were taken at different time intervals after the sample had been exposed to air. To assess for shifts, the pH of plasma and whole blood samples exposed to air at varying intervals was assessed.

The concentrations of iCa in plasma samples exposed to air for an extended period of time remained constant. When compared to whole blood samples, exposed plasma pH measurements were similarly stable (for up to ninety minutes). For the same period of time, the average increases in whole blood pH (0.5 units) were ten times greater than those in plasma pH (0.05 units).

Conclusion: Plasma samples for iCa that are mistakenly exposed to air should not be refused outright since the pH and iCa level remain stable for nearly eighty minutes. The respiring red cells are responsible for the changes in whole blood pH. Carbonic anhydrase (which is not present in plasma) catalyzes the reversible interconversion of carbon dioxide and bicarbonate ion in red cells. It costs money to reject or redraw specimens that aren't required. Furthermore, repeated injections are painful and can lead to infections and hematoma at the injection site.

Author (s) Details

Victoria Richardson
Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, School of Health Sciences, Winston Salem State University, Winston Salem, North Carolina, USA.

Quinnita Reid
Piedmont Atlanta Hospital Laboratory, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.

William A. Anong
Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, School of Health Sciences, Winston Salem State University, Winston Salem, North Carolina, USA.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/CACB-V4/article/view/912