Recent Advances in Laser as an Adjunctive Periodontal Therapy | Chapter 8 | Achievements and Challenges of Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 3

Since laser applications have been used in practically all dental specialties for more than 20 years their use in dentistry is not a novel approach. They can be used as a diagnostic tool to detect caries and subgingival calculus, as a cutting tool for hard dental tissues and as a disinfectant for root canals. Lasers can treat both soft and hard tissues, Calculus removal (erbium yttrium scandium gallium garnet and erbium yttrium aluminum garnet lasers), bio-stimulating root and implant surfaces, incision and ablation, osseous surgery, soft tissue excision, and bacterial reduction, are the various applications used in periodontology. Moreover their high sources of light, or more specifically non-ionizing, electromagnetic radiation, include lasers. The wavelengths of laser radiation are well-defined and predictable, and indeed the radiation seems to be more powerful at these wavelengths than can be produced by traditional light sources. Sutures are rarely indicated, there is very little possibility of mechanical trauma, and there is little scarring caused by lasers. The high proportion of patient acceptance of laser dentistry is one of its great advantages. Today’s patients are aware of lasers' benefits and today's dental lasers are portable, lightweight, compact, and becoming ever more accessible. Considering lasers used in dentistry, the prognosis seems optimistic. Practitioners can benefit from this new technology by knowing further about lasers and this form of light's attributes.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Monika Jagadeesan
Advanced Grohair and Gloskin, Adyar, Chennai – 600020, India.

 

S. Sakthi Devi
Department of Periodontology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Dental Sciences, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth (SBV) (Deemed to be University), Mahatma Gandhi Medical College Campus, Pondy - Cuddalore Main Road, Pillaiyarkuppam, Puducherry - 607402, India.

 

Kurinchichelvan Ramalingam
Department of Periodontology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Dental Sciences, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth (SBV) (Deemed to be University), Mahatma Gandhi Medical College Campus, Pondy - Cuddalore Main Road, Pillaiyarkuppam, Puducherry - 607402, India.

 

R. Saravana Kumar
Department of Periodontology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Dental Sciences, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth (SBV) (Deemed to be University), Mahatma Gandhi Medical College Campus, Pondy - Cuddalore Main Road, Pillaiyarkuppam, Puducherry - 607402, India.

 

K. Srinivasan
Department of Periodontology, Mahatma Gandhi postgraduate Institute of Dental Sciences, Govt. of Puducherry Institution, Gorimedu, Puducherry – 605006, India.

 

H. Rajalakshmi
No: 45 , Netaji street ,Ashok Nagar, Lawspet , Puducherry, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/acmms/v3/3031 

An Analysis of Defects IN Automated Fiber Placement (AFP) Technology | Chapter 11 | Current Approaches in Engineering Research and Technology Vol. 10

Current trends in composite manufacturing technologies for the aerospace industry are focusing on the automatic deposition of composite tapes and new multi-component materials systems, such as toughened prepregs, for improved component performance, damage tolerance or added functionality.  In the frame of this work, a robotic Automated fiber placement - AFP in situ process was applied to obtain high-quality thermoplastic composite structures. Automated fiber placement (AFP) with laser-assisted heating (LAFP) is an attractive manufacturing technology for the development of lightweight and high-performance components, primarily for the aerospace, automotive, military and many other dominant industries worldwide. For the sample laminate plates produced with the AFP procedure, the flexural strength was investigated, and optical images were analyzed for irregularities such as pore content and weaker interlaminar bonding between the layers. In this research, the pore content is from 8% to 10% which showed that the accuracy of the robot has an important role.

 

Author (s) Details

Sara Srebrenkoska
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University Goce Delcev Stip, North Macedonia.

 

Vladimir Dukovski
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Ss Cyril and Methodius, Skopje, North Macedonia.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/caert/v10/3070

An Analysis of Defects IN Automated Fiber Placement (AFP) Technology | Chapter 11 | Current Approaches in Engineering Research and Technology Vol. 10

 

Current trends in composite manufacturing technologies for the aerospace industry are focusing on the automatic deposition of composite tapes and new multi-component materials systems, such as toughened prepregs, for improved component performance, damage tolerance or added functionality.  In the frame of this work, a robotic Automated fiber placement - AFP in situ process was applied to obtain high-quality thermoplastic composite structures. Automated fiber placement (AFP) with laser-assisted heating (LAFP) is an attractive manufacturing technology for the development of lightweight and high-performance components, primarily for the aerospace, automotive, military and many other dominant industries worldwide. For the sample laminate plates produced with the AFP procedure, the flexural strength was investigated, and optical images were analyzed for irregularities such as pore content and weaker interlaminar bonding between the layers. In this research, the pore content is from 8% to 10% which showed that the accuracy of the robot has an important role.

 

Author(s)details:-

 

Sara Srebrenkoska
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University Goce Delcev Stip, North Macedonia.

 

Vladimir Dukovski
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Ss Cyril and Methodius, Skopje, North Macedonia.

 

Please See the book here :-  https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/caert/v10/3070

Laser Assisted Dentistry and Application of Erbium Laser in Periodontology – A Cutting Edge Technology | Chapter 9 | Contemporary Perspective on Science, Technology and Research Vol. 3

 For as well 30 years, lasers have been working in dentistry. Recent technological progresses and incorporating different wavelengths have developed in an array of novel dental laser treatments. At this time, it is very essential for the clinical experts to be conversant concerning handling these gadgets and grasp their proficiencies. In modern practice in dentistry, lasers are minimally invasive implements that are designed to help dentists and dental hygienists learn nearly lasers. Recently, its serviceableness in implant salvaging has unlocked a wide range of applications. Extreme sources of light containing ultraviolet, visible, infrared range have been of significant use engaged of medicine. In this case, dental lasers use apparent and infrared spectrum. The composite helping cure light belongs to visible spectrum, diode lasers belonging to apparent as well as near IR range, erbium belonging to mid IR and Colorless odorless gas belonging to IR accompanying far wavelengths. With the advent of ray of light-assisted practice, sutures are rarely determined since there is very littlest risk of surgical trauma, that does not heal by hurting the tissues. However, laser request is a practice that has been proven very adept in enhancing the quality of existence of patients meeting with treatment with ionizing dissemination. Also, the high fraction of patient acceptance of laser dentistry is individual of its greatest benefits. In today, dental lasers come as surely accessible, portable, lightweighted, compact supplies.Considering laser habit in dentistry, the prognosis of sufferers treated seems expected comparatively optimistic in type than the conventional methods concerning its enhanced restorative potential. In this way, practitioners are benefitted from this new science by knowing more about lasers and their light properties.

Author(s) Details:

S. Sakthi Devi,
Department of Periodontology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Dental Sciences, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth (SBV) (Deemed to be University), Mahathma Gandhi Medical College Campus, Pondy - Cuddalore Main Road, Pillaiyarkuppam, Puducherry - 607402, India.

Ashika Sulthana A.,
Ezhil Nagar, Tambaram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, Pin Code - 600073, India.

Suganya Selvarangam,
Prosthodontist and Implantologist, Dr. Suganya Laser Dental Clinic (Laser India Academy - South India Branch), Cuddalore, Pincode - 607 001, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CPSTR-V3/article/view/12921

A Classical Explanation for the Delayed Quantum Eraser Experiment| Chapter 11 | New Trends in Physical Science Research Vol. 2

From the perspective of Classical Physics, this paper analyses Kim et al's well-known delayed choice Quantum Eraser experiment from 2000. I've sketched out the experiment's setup. I show that the experiment's results can be explained using Classical Physics, and that they don't need "spooky activity at a distance" due to entangled particles, as Einstein famously phrased it, or events influencing the past due to the experiment's delayed choice feature.

Author(s) Details:

Declan Traill,
8 Leewarra Drive, Glen Waverley, Victoria 3150, Melbourne, Australia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NTPSR-V2/article/view/6623

3.55-keV Anomaly as the First X-ray Laser in Space| Chapter 10 | Research Trends and Challenges in Physical Science Vol.8

 Under near binary star systems consisting of a red giant and a neutron star, the 3.55-keV Ly-(alpha) line of the hydrogen-like 14Si can be created in a 6x1012 G magnetic field. 14Si ions in the magnetic column of binary neutron stars transmit this recombination radiation to the ground Landau level. In magnetic fields of 4x1012 – 1013 G, the Ly-(alpha) transition energy for hydrogen-like 14Si is computed. If the 3.55-keV line is a laser line, it can be seen up to z (leq) 100 red shifts. This line is most likely an X-ray candle produced by a large amount of silicon in these close binary systems in the universe. Due to the complicated geometry in such binary systems, the 3.55-keV line is unique. Other hydrogen-like ions can also emit laser radiation in the (1–20)-keV energy range. A laser line will always be narrowed. It is also mentioned that there are thermal X-ray sources in space that generate lines in the keV range.

Author(s) Details:

Vladimir Burdyuzha,
Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics Department, Lebedev Physics Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RTCPS-V8/article/view/6016

Retrospective Evaluation of Nd: An Approach to YAG Laser Application with Visual Analog Scale in the Treatment of Dentin Hypersensitivity | Chapter 2 | Recent Developments in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 12

 Dentin hypersensitivity (DH) is a frequent oral complaint marked by an intense pain in the dentin in reaction to tactile, thermal, evaporative, or osmotic stimuli that is not explained by another oral pathology. The difficulty in identifying the pain intensity and the variation in pain threshold from patient to patient makes DH treatment problematic. As a result, determining the treatment technique requires a thorough clinical evaluation as well as a thorough anamnesis from the patient. In the therapy of DH, which has multiple therapeutic options, a variety of desensitising agents and treatments with various effect mechanisms have been tried. Lasers are now being employed to improve the success rate of DH treatment. Although various types of lasers are utilised in DH treatment, it has been found that the Nd: YAG laser is more successful than other laser types in lowering patient pain.

The goal of this study was to compare the pre-treatment and first-year control VAS value records to see how the Nd: YAG laser affected dentin sensitivity therapy.

Materials and Procedures: The records of 16 patients (13 females, 3 males) were studied, Nd: YAG laser therapy for DH was performed, and the data of 90 teeth was assessed using the VAS scale records collected at the beginning and first year.

Results: In the first year after therapy, there was a statistically significant decrease in DH compared to the beginning (p0.001).

Conclusion: Irradiation with the Nd: YAG laser may alleviate the symptoms of DH, making it a feasible therapeutic option for this condition.

Author(S) Details

Ersin Ulker
Independent Researcher, Klinik Üsküdar O.H.C, Istanbul, Turkey.

Rasul Guliyev
Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey.

Tugrul Kirtiloglu
Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey.

Naciye Izgu Bagci
Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/RDMMR-V12/article/view/4668

Studies on Transformation and Interference of the Laser Radiation in Composite Crystal Optical Systems | Chapter 2 | New Approaches in Engineering Research Vol. 11

 Scientific and technological advancements are increasingly relying on crystal optical systems. With their assistance, you can control the amplitude, frequency, phase, and polarisation of laser light, as well as scan an optical beam in space. In polarisation interferometers, crystal optical systems are also utilised for spatial encoding and the production of controlled spatial filters, allowing high-precision analysis of optical part processing quality, geometric characteristics of laser beams, and the degree of coherence of laser radiation. Interference patterns are created when laser light is directed at the output of crystal optical systems, and they are utilised in laser measurement equipment for a number of reasons. To improve capacity, accuracy, sensitivity, dependability, and service life, circuit schemes and laser devices should be updated on a regular basis. New developments in crystal optics and laser technology have made it possible to overcome these obstacles.

Author (S) Details

Abilhan Umbetovich Umbetov
Arkalyk State Pedagogical Institute after I. Altynsarin, Auelbekova Street, Arkalyk, Republic of Kazakhstan.

Makhabbat Zhaksylykovna Umbetova
Arkalyk State Pedagogical Institute after I. Altynsarin, Auelbekova Street, Arkalyk, Republic of Kazakhstan.

Gabit Mukhitovich Abildayev
Arkalyk State Pedagogical Institute after I. Altynsarin, Auelbekova Street, Arkalyk, Republic of Kazakhstan.

Saule Svyazkhanovna Baizakova
Arkalyk State Pedagogical Institute after I. Altynsarin, Auelbekova Street, Arkalyk, Republic of Kazakhstan.

Samal Arynovna Zhamalova
Arkalyk State Pedagogical Institute after I. Altynsarin, Auelbekova Street, Arkalyk, Republic of Kazakhstan.

Arailym Boranbayevna Konussova
Arkalyk State Pedagogical Institute after I. Altynsarin, Auelbekova Street, Arkalyk, Republic of Kazakhstan.


Kalamkul Kapenovna Dosmagulova
Arkalyk State Pedagogical Institute after I. Altynsarin, Auelbekova Street, Arkalyk, Republic of Kazakhstan.



View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/NAER-V11/article/view/3561

Current Management and Treatment of Infantil Hemangiomas| Chapter 2 | Highlights on Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 16

 Infantile hemangiomas are the most frequent vascular tumours in children, affecting up to 12% of babies in their first year. Infantile hemangioma appears in the first few weeks of life, grows in size over 3 to 6 months, and then gradually fades over 3 to 7 years. Three-quarters of these hemangiomas are lobular and have no abnormalities associated with them. Segmental hemangiomas, on the other hand, have been linked to developmental problems (PHACES and PELVIS/SACRAL syndromes). The vast majority of infantile hemangiomas do not necessitate therapy. Treatment options include oral propranolol, topical timolol, and oral corticosteroids in 10 to 15% of patients. Hemorrhage that is not responding to treatment, approaching ulceration in places where serious complications could occur, interference with essential structures, life- or function-threatening consequences, and significant disfigurement are all indications for aggressive intervention. Treatment should be tailored to the individual. size, pace of growth, form, quantity, and location of the lesion (s), current or potential consequences, treatment benefits and side effects, patient age, parental worry, and physician comfort level with various treatment choices

Author (s) Details

Assistant Professor Dr. Alper Özkılıç
Biruni University Department of Pediatrics, İstanbul, Turkey.

Assistant Professor Dr. Hüseyin Avni Solgun
SBU Basaksehir Cam and Sakura Hospital/Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, İstanbul, Turkey.


View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/HMMS-V16/article/view/2387

Recent Development and Studies: Skin Resurfacing and Face-Lift in the Same Surgical Procedure | Chapter 9 | Highlights on Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 6

When doing a Facelift, we focus primarily on skin laxity; but, to completely rejuvenate a patient's face, we must also consider skin quality. Incorporating any type of Laser procedure with a Facelift will address the patient's sagging, wrinkles, open pores, blemishes, scars, and other concerns. The main goal of this research was to find the optimal mix of surgery and laser treatment in order to create a procedure that can be replicated in a variety of patients while also ensuring a satisfactory outcome, minimal recovery time, and no side effects.

Since 1994, this treatment has been used in more than 3873 patients with only minor problems. In order to reduce time and improve the patient's recovery, the facelift and skin resurfacing procedures are combined into one surgical treatment.

In 1994, we began adopting a facial rejuvenation surgical treatment technique that combined SMAS plication and skin resurfacing into a single surgical step. Skin Resurfacing using CO2 laser, on the other hand, takes 2 to 6 weeks to recover from. This procedure takes longer to recover from and causes more edoema, redness, and discomfort in the patient. As a result, we began using Erbium: YAG and CO2 Lasers for facial rejuvenation and skin resurfacing in 2000. (Derma K device). We can also use the CO2 laser in the cut (ablative) mode to perform blepharoplasty in the upper eyelid and the transconjunctival approach in the lower eyelid.

Author (s) Details

Aristides Arellano-Huacuja
Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Dermatology and Aesthetic Surgery Clinic of Puebla (MEX), Mexico.

Anja Arellano-Montalvo
Dermatology and Aesthetic Surgery Clinic of Puebla (MEX), Mexico.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/HMMS-V6/article/view/2110

Hydro-adsorption and Textural Properties Study of Microporous Zeolites by Dynamic Laser Speckle Technique | Chapter 5 | Current Perspectives on Chemical Sciences Vol. 8

 Desiccants, catalysts, and gas separation are all examples of adsorption phenomena in technology. Its applications are determined by the solid adsorbent's textural properties as well as the form of liquid or gas adsorbed. As a result, finding simple tools to quantify these properties is critical. The most popular methods for determining the precise surface area and pore size distribution are physicochemical methods based on N2 adsorption. These processes, however, have certain drawbacks when it comes to microporous materials. This chapter demonstrates how to quantify and compare the hydro-adsorption potential of a microporous natural zeolite and its acidic, simple, and calcinated forms using the Dynamic Laser Speckle (DLS) technique. The DLS experimental results show the temporal evolution of the speckle patterns based on the samples' water adsorption mechanism. An improved Peleg's equation is used to change the optical results obtained from the speckle patterns. This new method of adsorption of water from solids allows for a correlation with particular surface areas, with parameters obtained from DLS results measured against those determined using different traditional isotherms using the N2 adsorption-desorption method.

Author (s) Details

Ruth D. Mojica-Sepulveda
Centro de Investigaciones Opticas (CIOp), CONICET-CCT La Plata-UNLP-CICPBA, Gonnet-La Plata, Argentina.

Luís J. Mendoza-Herrera
Centro de Investigaciones Opticas (CIOp), CONICET-CCT La Plata-UNLP-CICPBA, Gonnet-La Plata, Argentina and Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Argentina.

Eduardo Grumel
Centro de Investigaciones Opticas (CIOp), CONICET-CCT La Plata-UNLP-CICPBA, Gonnet-La Plata, Argentina and Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Argentina.

Delia B. Soria
Centro de Química Inorgánica (CEQUINOR), CONICET-CCT La Plata and UNLP, La Plata, Argentina.

Carmen I. Cabello
Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Argentina, Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencias Aplicadas, Dr. J. J. Ronco (CINDECA) CONICET – CCT La Plata and UNLP, (1900) La Plata, Argentina and CICPBA, Comisión Investigaciones Científicas Provincia Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Marcelo Trivi
Centro de Investigaciones Opticas (CIOp), CONICET-CCT La Plata-UNLP-CICPBA, Gonnet-La Plata, Argentina, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Argentina and CICPBA, Comisión Investigaciones Científicas Provincia Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Professor Myrian Tebaldi
Centro de Investigaciones Opticas (CIOp), CONICET-CCT La Plata-UNLP-CICPBA, Gonnet-La Plata, Argentina and Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Argentina.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/CPCS-V8/issue/view/43

An Advanced Way to Realize Controlled Nuclear Fusion by γ Laser or γ Ray | Chapter 4 | New Insights into Physical Science Vol. 8

 Regulated nuclear fusion has made great progress to date, but not the ultimate achievement. The Lawson criteria must be fulfilled as a required condition for nuclear fusion. With their certain frequencies and high enough intensities to irradiate a target ball, a way is proposed to realise controllable-nuclear fusion by  γ laser or γ ray and ordinary laser. The role of ordinary lasers is to heat the target nuclei and to understand the target nuclei's inertial containment. The γ photon-absorbing target nuclei would be in a certain excited state. In order to realise the fusion of the nuclei in their excited states, the scattering cross-sections will be greater and the ignition temperature will be smaller than those of the nuclei in their soil states. In comparison to the nuclei applied in traditional fusion, e.g., deutons and tritons, the nuclei applied to fusion should have the following characteristics according to the way: the nuclei have their excited states, one of the excited states has greater energy and longer life, and the nuclei masses are smaller. Thus, it is easier to realise the Lawson circumstances so that the controllable nuclear fusion is likely realised by the way.

Author(s) Details

Shi-Hao Chen
Institute of Theoretical Physics, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130024,China.

Ziwei Chen

Laboratory of Microwave and Electromagnetic Radiation, Institute of Electronics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100190, China.

View Book :- https://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/319