Open Quantum Matter-field Systems and Entropy | Chapter 5 | Current Research Progress in Physical Science Vol. 3

 

We consider a system of Fermions interacting with a coherent electromagnetic field and calculate the entropy dynamics. We obtain a negative term describing an entropy decrease depending on the electromagnetic field, which can cancel the positive term obtained according to the second law of thermodynamics. For the application of this theory to a semiconductor structure converting the environmental heat into coherent electromagnetic energy, we obtain a physical interpretation of the two processes, as field radiation by quantum transitions, and heat absorption by the Peltier effect.

 

Author(s) Details

Eliade Stefanescu
Center of Advanced Studies in Physics, Institute of Mathematics “Simion Stoilow” of the Romanian Academy, 21 Calea Grivitei, 010702 Bucharest, Romania.

 

Please see the book here: https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/crpps/v3/1178

The Emergence of Spin Magnetic Moment of Electron Inside a Photon | Chapter 4 | Current Perspective to Physical Science Research Vol. 3

 The purpose concerning this work is to explain the viability of a basically novel approach to the definition of the spin drawing moment of the power.  In contrast to previous formulations of the spin drawing moment that elucidated the interaction of the energized matter with the material vacuum, it is showed in this study that the Bohr magneton, that makes up the most of the moment, is a characteristic of photons.A "transfer" of the attractive moment from the photon to the arising electron-positron pair happens when a photon decays into an electron and positron. This is corresponding, for example, to the "transfer" of the spin from a photon to the arising electron and positron pair. The supposed radiative correction to the basic component of the electron spin drawing moment is again demonstrated in this place work, and it can be determined from the magnetic importance of virtual photons that the power generated in the real vacuum. The characteristics of virtual photons were comparable to those of photons performing the diffusion of the electromagnetic oscillations as well.

Author(s) Details:

Liudmila B. Boldyreva,
State University of Management, Moscow, Russia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CPPSR-V3/article/view/12584

A Classical Explanation for the Delayed Quantum Eraser Experiment| Chapter 11 | New Trends in Physical Science Research Vol. 2

From the perspective of Classical Physics, this paper analyses Kim et al's well-known delayed choice Quantum Eraser experiment from 2000. I've sketched out the experiment's setup. I show that the experiment's results can be explained using Classical Physics, and that they don't need "spooky activity at a distance" due to entangled particles, as Einstein famously phrased it, or events influencing the past due to the experiment's delayed choice feature.

Author(s) Details:

Declan Traill,
8 Leewarra Drive, Glen Waverley, Victoria 3150, Melbourne, Australia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NTPSR-V2/article/view/6623

Photon Scalar/Pseudoscalar Mixing Dynamics in Magnetized Media | Chapter 5 | Research Trends and Challenges in Physical Science Vol.3

 We investigate the dynamics of photon-scalar interaction (mixing) in diverse media using operators of mass dimension five (predicted in a variety of theories beyond the standard model). Our main goals are to investigate medium-specific alterations to the mixing dynamics of photons with pseudoscalar (axion a(x)) and scalar dark matter candidates (denoted by (x)). We investigate the spectro-polarimetric and oscillation components of the phenomenon, as well as their probable astrophysical implications.

Author(S) Details

Manoj K. Jaiswal
Department of Physics, MMV, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi- 221005, India.

Avijit K. Ganguly
Department of Physics, MMV, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi- 221005, India.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/RTCPS-V3/article/view/4502

Development of High Efficiency Multi-Crystalline Inorganic Solar Cell Using Er+3 Based Plano Convex Lens| Chapter 3 | New Visions in Science and Technology Vol. 6

 The photovoltaic cell (PVC) is a semiconductor device whose primary objective is to generate vibrant clean energy from sunlight. PVC was classified into three major classes by technology: a) Organic, b) Inorganic, and c) Hybrid. PVC users state unequivocally that installed PVC is incoherent and that electric generation is inadequate. The solution to manufacture consistent electricity using PVC is insurmountable, and researchers are unaware of PVC's resurrection. After a thorough assessment of the literature, the goal of this study is to reveal indisputable proof that demonstrates the mesmerising power of Plano convex lenses on any PVC. This research summarises two undeniable incumbent solutions: a) Erbium's impact on the surface of PVC cells; and b) Plano convex lenses that incorporate frazzle sun beams into gargantuan beams that remove a small amount of sunlight from PVC and boost electricity.

Author (S) Details

Adnan Alam Khan

DHA Suffa University and Sindh Madressatul Islam University Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/NVST-V6/article/view/4132

Our Electromagnetic Universe| Chapter 3 | Newest Updates in Physical Science Research Vol. 12

 Einstein proposed a theory of the Universe's gradual formation and growth based solely on electromagnetic considerations near the end of his life. Discussion of the different current black hole and Big Bang hypotheses' contradictory relationships. As an alternative to the Quantum Field Theory, the potential of a progressive adiabatic energy rise in the universe from a hypothetical zero energy level in vacuum at the beginning of the universe is discussed.In vacuum, (QFT) proposed a stable conservative zero-point energy level. Maxwell's initial interpretation of the relation between the electric and magnetic E and B fields led to a fresh viewpoint on the objective and subjective components of the time dimension, leading to a proposal for an alternate mechanism for the genesis of the Universe based on an enlarged space geometry.

Author (S) Details

André Michaud
SRP - Service de RecherchePédagogique, Canada.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/NUPSR-V12/article/view/2632

De Broglie’s Double-Particle Photon | Chapter 3 | Newest Updates in Physical Science Research Vol. 4

 The analysis of kinetic energy circulation within the energy structure of the doubleparticle photon that Louis de Broglie hypothesized in the early 1930s resulted in the establishment of an LC equation and a local fields equation describing permanently localized photons. Among other things,

 These equations give a mechanical explanation for the localized photon properties of self-propelling at the speed of light and self-guiding in a straight line when no external interaction tends to deflect its trajectory. From a trispatial geometry standpoint, this paper summarizes the seminal considerations that led to the establishment of mechanical conversion processes involving electromagnetic energy and mass from electromagnetic photon emission to nucleon construction.

Author (S) Details

André Michaud
Service de Recherche Pédagogique, Canada.

View Book  :- https://stm.bookpi.org/NUPSR-V4/article/view/1642

Properties of the 5-Dimensional Extended Space Model with Variable Photons Mass and Size

We suggest the generalisation of the special relativity theory (STR) of Einstein. The (1 + 4)-dimensional space G, which is the extension of the (1 + 3)-dimensional Minkowski space M(T;X, Y , Z), is used in our model. The intervals are used as a fifth extra co-ordinate. Action is the physical sense of the Fifth Coordinate. Under the normal Lorentz transformations in M, this value is constant but changes when the transformations in the extended space G(T, X , Y, Z, S) are used. We call this model the Extended Model for Space (ESM). Our extension from a physical point of view implies that procedures in which the residual mass of the particles shifts are now appropriate. In the 4D Minkowski space, Lorentz transformations M(T; X , Y , Z) in the planes (T, X), (T, Y), (T, Z) allow the energy and momentum of a particle to be modified in the conjugate space of the extended 4D energy momentum space M*(E; Px, Py, Pz). In addition to Lorentz rotations, new forms of hyperbolic rotations (T, S) and (T, X) have a simple physical sense in the 5D energy-momentum-mass space G*(E, Px, Py, Pz, M) in the new 5D space G(T, X , Y, Z, S) compared to the Minkowski space M(1, 3). This space is ad-connected to G(T, X , Y, Z, S) space. Rotation (T, S) changes the energy and mass of the particle in a consistent manner, and rotation (X, S) changes the momentum and mass of the particles in a consistent manner , especially in space G*(E, Px, Py, Pz, M). Gravity and electromagnetism are merged into one field in the ESM, and a 5x5 Energy-MomentumMass tensor can be constructed. A photon can have a variable mass that is not zero in the ESM, and this mass can be either positive or negative. It is also possible to create a relationship between the mass of a particle and its size in the ESM frame.

Author(s) Details

V. A. Andreev
Lebedev Physical Institute of RAS, Moscow, Russia.

D. Yu. Tsipenyuk
Prokhorov General Physics Institute of RAS, Moscow, Russia and Moscow Polytechnic University, Moscow, Russia.

View Book :- https://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/301

 

Does Gravitation have an Influence on Electromagnetism?: A Critical Study! | Chapter 6 | New Insights into Physical Science Vol. 2

For many years physicists have been engaged on research around the globe in fields such as an explanation for dark matter and dark energy, or the unification of gravitation and electromagnetism, etc., but so far to little avail. One is left with the impression that something might be fundamentally wrong with the premises underlying the doctrine of physics applicable today, which is preventing a solution of these problems from being found. As a possible cause, the author proposes that the gravitation of the photons is not so negligible that it can be completely ignored (although this assumption does not accord with the current state of physics). Although photons can be extremely energetic and each form of energy is inseparably associated with gravitation, it is nevertheless postulated in the Theory of Special Relativity, that the assumed static (baryonic) gravitation of the dynamic photons is vanishingly negligible in comparison with the strong electromagnetic power of photons. For this reason, the assumed static gravitation of photons is completely ignored in that theory, thus as it does not exist.  Departing therefore from the accepted doctrine, he assumes that gravitation might possess a hitherto unknown but important influence on electromagnetism. This paper examines the consequences of this assumption on physics. A precise analysis will lead to the insight that the gravitation of a photon is as dynamic as the photon itself, and therefore must be taken into account with the associated physical considerations. Another Type of gravitation than a static one, e.g. a dynamic gravitation, which oscillates within each photon with the same frequency as the photon itself, was never a subject of discussion. According to the actual doctrine of physics only static gravitation does exist. Of key importance is the statement that the dynamic gravitation of photons is produced by gravitational quanta, and thus appears in quantised form. Consequently there must exist exactly the same number of gravitational quanta as there are of photons themselves. It is therefore necessary to rethink the physics of photons.

Author (s)  Details

Guido Zbiral
Independent Private Scientist, Retiree, Klosterneuburg, Austria.

View Book :- http://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/210