Multiple Paragangliomas Affecting Carotid Body and Vagal Region: A Case of Rare Occurrence | Chapter 4 | Medical Science: Trends and Innovations Vol. 3

 Paragangliomas are neuroendocrine tumors that represent 0.012% of all tumors. Paragangliomas arise from extra-adrenal paraganglia, microscopic islands of cells derived embryonically from the neural crest cells of the autonomic nervous system. Paragangliomas are rare neuroendocrine tumors also known to occur in head and neck regions and generally involve the carotid body or vagal region. To date, only a single study has reported the occurrence of paragangliomas involving both the carotid body and vagal region. The present study, to our best knowledge, is the second study in the world which reported multiple paragangliomas involving the carotid body and vagal region. The patient in the present case study was a 45-year-old male with a single swelling in the left upper part of the neck. The patient was informed about the possible neural dysfunction with associated hoarseness, vocal change, aspiration, dysphagia, dysarthria, facial asymmetry, and shoulder weakness in addition to the possibility of a cerebrovascular accident. In the pre-operative clinical examination, the swelling was identified as a carotid body tumor, and the patient was then planned for surgery. The intra-operative findings revealed that it involved both the vagal and carotid body and was subsequently operated successfully. Post-operatively the swelling was described as bilateral carotid paragangliomas with left vagal paraganglioma. The patient was treated successfully with the surgery and recurrence was not reported in two years to follow-up. The present study will help clinicians in designing treatment strategies for such complicated cases of multiple paragangliomas.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Jaimanti Bakshi
Department of Otolaryngology and Head Neck Surgery (ENT), Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India.

 

Atul Kumar Goyal
Department of Otolaryngology and Head Neck Surgery (ENT), Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India.

 

Dharam Vir
Department of Otolaryngology and Head Neck Surgery (ENT), Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India.

 

Naresh K Pand
Department of Otolaryngology and Head Neck Surgery (ENT), Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/msti/v3/3553

Bubble Nucleation and Interstellar Travel| Chapter 5 | New Frontiers in Physical Science Research Vol. 1

 This article discusses the implications of phase change equations and how they might affect interstellar space travel. Although there are parallels between the two phase change equations, one was developed from statistical mechanics and the other from thermodynamics. It is suggested that the fundamental equation for the limit of superheat can be used to resolve the problem of propulsion in space travel. We consider two matter-antimatter systems: electron-positron and hydrogen-antihydrogen. As part of the space travel effort, antimatter must be gathered and stored in magnetic bottles in isolation.

Author(s) Details:

John H. Jennings,
Jennings Research & Editing, 2530 Hillegass Ave. #307, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NFPSR-V1/article/view/8121

Calculation of G Gravity Constant from the Mass, Electron Charge and the Fine Structure Constant: A Theoretical Point of View | Chapter 15 | New Trends in Physical Science Research Vol.5

 From a theoretical approach, this study proposes calculating the gravitational constant G using the charge and electron mass, while also taking into account the Fine Structure constant. Couples of virtual positron electrons dematerialize in empty space, giving birth to virtual photons. They will eventually form electrons, positrons, and other particles. These changes are made while keeping track of their "amount of movement," and when they come into contact with matter, these pairs emerge, reprinted in accordance with the field and mass of matter. The problem is that their gyromagnetic movement connection has shifted, putting them under stress. The change in the gyromagnetic ratio's trend leads one of the two masses to be partly orientated toward the other in the presence of two masses. From here, a force between these two masses is established, yielding a computed constant of 6.678720706E-11. This value of G, derived from the charge and electron mass, is quite similar to the experimental estimates for the gravitational constant of G determined in recent decades.

Author(s) Details:

Valentino Straser,
Department of Science, Environment and Energy, UPKL Brussels, Belgium.

Fernand Leon Van Rutten,
Comunita Europea dell'Energia Atomica (Euratom), Tournai, Belgium.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NTPSR-V5/article/view/7171

Our Electromagnetic Universe| Chapter 3 | Newest Updates in Physical Science Research Vol. 12

 Einstein proposed a theory of the Universe's gradual formation and growth based solely on electromagnetic considerations near the end of his life. Discussion of the different current black hole and Big Bang hypotheses' contradictory relationships. As an alternative to the Quantum Field Theory, the potential of a progressive adiabatic energy rise in the universe from a hypothetical zero energy level in vacuum at the beginning of the universe is discussed.In vacuum, (QFT) proposed a stable conservative zero-point energy level. Maxwell's initial interpretation of the relation between the electric and magnetic E and B fields led to a fresh viewpoint on the objective and subjective components of the time dimension, leading to a proposal for an alternate mechanism for the genesis of the Universe based on an enlarged space geometry.

Author (S) Details

André Michaud
SRP - Service de RecherchePédagogique, Canada.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/NUPSR-V12/article/view/2632