Interrelation between Diabetes Mellitus and Periodontal Disease | Chapter 7| Medical Research and Its Applications Vol. 9

 The purpose of this chapter is to present scientific evidence for the links between Periodontitis and diabetes with a focus on potential common pathophysiologic pathways including those associated with inflammation, altered host responses and insulin resistance. The pathogenesis of periodontal disease is complex because it reflects a combination of the initiation and maintenance of the chronic inflammatory process by a diverse microbial flora and its numerous bacterial products. The interrelation between diabetes mellitus and inflammatory periodontal disease has been intensively studied for more than 50 years. It seems that there is a reciprocal relationship between these two illnesses: one tends to exacerbate the other, and treating one with care can help treat the other. This relationship is largely mediated by inflammation, which is responsible for the pathogeny and consequences of diabetes mellitus as well as periodontal disease. Conversely, periodontal infection can seriously impair the metabolic control of some diabetic patients. Moreover, treatment of periodontal disease and reduction of oral signs of inflammation may have a beneficial effect on diabetes. Further research is needed to clarify how inflammatory periodontal diseases may affect insulin resistance, glycemic control and the risk of developing other diabetic complications.

 

 

Author(s) Details

A. R. Gharat

Department of Periodontics, Nair Hospital Dental College, Floor no 2, Room no:202, Dr A L Nair Road, Opposite Maratha Mandir, Mumbai Central Pin: 400008, Maharashtra, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mria/v9/12567F

Recent Advances in Laser as an Adjunctive Periodontal Therapy | Chapter 8 | Achievements and Challenges of Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 3

Since laser applications have been used in practically all dental specialties for more than 20 years their use in dentistry is not a novel approach. They can be used as a diagnostic tool to detect caries and subgingival calculus, as a cutting tool for hard dental tissues and as a disinfectant for root canals. Lasers can treat both soft and hard tissues, Calculus removal (erbium yttrium scandium gallium garnet and erbium yttrium aluminum garnet lasers), bio-stimulating root and implant surfaces, incision and ablation, osseous surgery, soft tissue excision, and bacterial reduction, are the various applications used in periodontology. Moreover their high sources of light, or more specifically non-ionizing, electromagnetic radiation, include lasers. The wavelengths of laser radiation are well-defined and predictable, and indeed the radiation seems to be more powerful at these wavelengths than can be produced by traditional light sources. Sutures are rarely indicated, there is very little possibility of mechanical trauma, and there is little scarring caused by lasers. The high proportion of patient acceptance of laser dentistry is one of its great advantages. Today’s patients are aware of lasers' benefits and today's dental lasers are portable, lightweight, compact, and becoming ever more accessible. Considering lasers used in dentistry, the prognosis seems optimistic. Practitioners can benefit from this new technology by knowing further about lasers and this form of light's attributes.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Monika Jagadeesan
Advanced Grohair and Gloskin, Adyar, Chennai – 600020, India.

 

S. Sakthi Devi
Department of Periodontology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Dental Sciences, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth (SBV) (Deemed to be University), Mahatma Gandhi Medical College Campus, Pondy - Cuddalore Main Road, Pillaiyarkuppam, Puducherry - 607402, India.

 

Kurinchichelvan Ramalingam
Department of Periodontology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Dental Sciences, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth (SBV) (Deemed to be University), Mahatma Gandhi Medical College Campus, Pondy - Cuddalore Main Road, Pillaiyarkuppam, Puducherry - 607402, India.

 

R. Saravana Kumar
Department of Periodontology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Dental Sciences, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth (SBV) (Deemed to be University), Mahatma Gandhi Medical College Campus, Pondy - Cuddalore Main Road, Pillaiyarkuppam, Puducherry - 607402, India.

 

K. Srinivasan
Department of Periodontology, Mahatma Gandhi postgraduate Institute of Dental Sciences, Govt. of Puducherry Institution, Gorimedu, Puducherry – 605006, India.

 

H. Rajalakshmi
No: 45 , Netaji street ,Ashok Nagar, Lawspet , Puducherry, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/acmms/v3/3031