Clinical Profile and Management of Oral and Maxillofacial Tumours in HIV-Seropositive Patients | Chapter 5 | Medical Science: Updates and Prospects Vol. 4

 

 

Background: There has been an increased rate of neoplastic diseases in patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). The survival of patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) has improved considerably with modern medical management. However, oral and maxillofacial tumours occurring in these patients have not received adequate treatment attention.

 

Objectives: To assess the clinical features and treatment modalities of oral and maxillofacial tumours in HIV-seropositive patients.

 

Methodology: This was a retrospective study of HIV-seropositive patients who received treatments for oral and maxillofacial tumours at Barau Dikko Teaching Hospital, Kaduna, Nigeria. The study covered the period from January 2015 to December 2024. The information was extracted from case files of patients, the theatre register, and histopathology records and slides were retrieved for the purpose of the study. Data collected include patient demography, location of tumour, clinical features, histopathology diagnosis, treatment, and complications.

 

Results: This study identified 28 HIV-positive patients with various oral and maxillofacial tumours. The age range of the patients was from 26 years to 58 years. Mean age was 42 years, SD ±9.24 years.  The tumours include: Kaposi sarcoma (KS), non-hodgkin lymphoma, squamous carcinoma of the oral cavity and oropharynx, mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the parotid gland, parotid cyst, who were treated over a period of 10 years with surgery and radiation therapy. Data collected showed that HIV-positive patients with these tumours presented at the third and fourth decades of life, with aggressive disease and worse prognosis. Treatment comprises surgical resection with radiation therapy and chemotherapy. The complications of the treatment include: tumour recurrence, resistance of the tumour to radiotherapy and chemotherapy, rapidity of tumour growth, acute reactions to radiotherapy, distant metastasis, weight loss and death. Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has not altered the incidence of these malignancies as observed in this study.

 

Conclusions: Oral and maxillofacial tumours in HIV-positive patients occurred irrespective of the commencement of highly active antiretroviral therapy. Kaposi sarcoma is the most common tumour recorded in this study. The treatment comprises surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy; nevertheless, the response varied with the kind of tumours being treated. Infection with HIV is not a contraindication when aggressive radiation therapy is needed in selected patients.

 

 

Author(s) Details

O.O Omisakin
Division of Dental/Maxillofacial Surgery, Barau Dikko Teaching Hospital, Kaduna State University, Kaduna, Nigeria.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/msup/v4/6837

Augmented Reality-Guided ENT Surgery: Enhancing Accuracy with High-Fidelity Anatomy| Chapter 3 | Medical Science: Recent Advances and Applications Vol. 11

 

Augmented reality (AR) is increasingly being adopted in otolaryngology for enhancing anatomical visualisation and guiding complex surgical procedures. This review synthesises current evidence on the role of AR in ear, nose, and throat (ENT) surgery with an emphasis on high-fidelity anatomy. Published studies demonstrate that AR systems provide sub-millimetric accuracy in intraoperative navigation, reduce operative time, and improve surgeon confidence, particularly in anatomically intricate regions such as the temporal bone, middle ear, and skull base. Advances in optical see-through head-mounted displays, marker-less registration, and multimodal imaging integration have improved reliability and ergonomics in the operating room. Beyond intraoperative use, AR has shown strong potential in surgical education and simulation, offering interactive training modules that outperform conventional teaching methods in skill acquisition and anatomical comprehension. Despite these benefits, challenges remain regarding registration drift, device ergonomics, cost, and the absence of standardised evaluation metrics. Current evidence is largely based on feasibility studies and small clinical series, underscoring the need for large-scale randomised trials. Overall, AR-guided ENT surgery is a rapidly advancing field with significant implications for surgical safety, efficiency, and training, poised to become an integral component of routine clinical practice in the near future.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Shrikrishna B H
Department of ENT, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bibinagar, India.

 

Deepa G
Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bibinagar, India.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/msraa/v11/6216

Epidermoid Cyst of the Testis: Unveiling a Rare and Uncommon Diagnosis | Chapter 12| Medicine and Medical Research: New Perspectives Vol. 8

Epidermoid cysts of the testis are rare benign tumors that often pose a diagnostic challenge due to their clinical and radiological resemblance to malignant testicular masses. Accurate differentiation is crucial to avoid unnecessary radical surgical interventions. The case of a 27-year-old male who presented with dull pain and progressive enlargement of the left testicle over several months has been reported. Physical examination revealed an enlarged, dense, and irregular left testicle, with no history of trauma or inflammation. Scrotal ultrasonography identified a heterogeneous mass measuring 25 x 17 x 18 mm with minimal vascularization. Laboratory tests, including AFP, B-HCG, and LDH, were within normal limits. Imaging with a chest, abdominal, and pelvic CT scan showed no signs of metastatic disease. The patient underwent a left-sided radical orchiectomy, during which a 7-8 mm lymph node was excised from the inguinal canal. Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of an epidermoid cyst, characterized by a cystic structure lined with stratified squamous epithelium filled with keratinous material. This case highlights the importance of early and accurate diagnosis in distinguishing epidermoid cysts from malignant testicular tumors, enabling organ-sparing surgery when appropriate. The report underscores the need for further studies to enhance the characterization and differentiation of these rare entities.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Vladimer Papava

Department of Urology, Tbilisi State Medical University, Georgia

 

Giorgi Sinauridze
Department of Urology, Tbilisi State Medical University, Georgia.

 

Valeriane Kvakhajelidze
Pineo Clinic, Georgia.

 

Andro Dzneladze
Pineo Clinic, Georgia.

 

Irakli Gakhokidze
Department of Radiology, Aversi Clinic, Georgia.

 

Leli Shanidze
Department of Laboratory, Tbilisi State Medical University, Georgia.

 

Levani Donadze
Pineo Clinic, Georgia.

 

Tamar Didbaridze
Department of Microbiology, Tbilisi State Medical University, Georgia.

 

Tamta Mamasakhlisi
Department of Internal Medicine, N. Kipshidze Central University Clinic of Tbilisi State Medical University (Former Republican Hospital), Georgia.

 

Ema Gergedava
Gidmedi Clinic, Georgia.

 

Otar Goguadze
Pineo Clinic, Georgia.

 

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mmrnp/v8/2328

A Distinctive Case Report Highlighting the Occurrence of a Rare Gigantic Adrenal Myelolipoma in a Patient with Sickle Cell Anaemia | Chapter 10 | Medical Science: Trends and Innovations Vol. 5

Adrenal myelolipomas (AMLs) are rare slow-growing non-malignant tumors that comprise both adipose and haematopoietic tissue and are caused by metaplasia of the reticuloendothelial cell. It is a type of incidentaloma which is an uncommon adrenal mass usually asymptomatic and identified during imaging investigation for reasons other than adrenal gland disorders. Myelolipomas vary in size but can be as large as 30 cm. These large myelolipomas can cause pressure on nearby structures resulting in clinical symptoms and signs.

This case report and literature review detail the diagnostic, medical and surgical management of a 14-year-old male with sickle cell anaemia who had a giant adrenal myelolipoma which was symptomatic. He had a one-week history of bilateral leg swelling and physical examination showed a mass in the right lumbar region. Abdominopelvic ultrasound revealed a suprarenal right-sided mass displacing the right kidney downwards. It was characterized as encapsulated, echo-complex, rounded and well-defined. The mass was also exerting pressure on the upper part of the kidney, and significantly compressing the inferior vena cava. A computed tomography (CT) scan revealed a large mass tenanting the right adrenal gland. He subsequently had an exploratory laparotomy with excision of the adrenal tumour. Immunohistochemistry analysis of the mass confirmed the diagnosis of an adrenal myelolipoma.

Conclusively, the diagnosis of an adrenal myelolipoma necessitates a high index of suspicion, a detailed medical history, a thorough physical examination, imaging studies and a meticulous histopathology investigation. Surgical intervention is the primary treatment method, while effective postoperative care ensures rapid recovery with minimal complications.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Udochikwuka Patience Ikejiaku
Department of Paediatrics, Federal Teaching Hospital, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria.

 

Chidinma Adaobi Udah
Department of Paediatrics, Federal Teaching Hospital, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria.

 

Johnpatrick Uchenna Ugwoegbu
Department of Radiology, Federal Teaching Hospital, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria.

 

Emeka Nwolisa
Department of Paediatrics, Federal Teaching Hospital, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria.

 

Uzoma Onwukwe
Department of Paediatrics, Federal Teaching Hospital, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria.

 

Lilian Ezeuko
Department of Paediatrics, Federal Teaching Hospital, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/msti/v5/4208

Obesity and Bariatric Surgery in Canines | Chapter 7 | Medical Research and Its Applications Vol. 2

 Canine obesity is a common problem in some breeds. Traditional treatment method includes diet restriction, exercise and medication. Minimal invasive laparoscopic bariatric surgeries are trending in humans for the long-term management of obesity. Veterinarians are also turning towards these techniques in managing severely obese dogs. Bariatric surgical options are numerous and continue to expand with advancing technology due to the availability of less invasive procedures. Bariatric surgeries are done under general anaesthesia by using minimally invasive techniques. Dedicated trials and research on this horizon will surely enlighten the path to the adoption of these techniques in the veterinary field. This chapter includes various aspects of obesity development in canines and different bariatric procedures in detail. 

 

Author(s)details:-

 

Ankit S. Prajapati
Veterinary Clinical Complex, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Kamdhenu University, Anand-388001, Gujarat, India.

 

Prajwalita T. Sutaria
Department of Surgery and Radiology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Kamdhenu University, Sardarkrushinahar-385506, Gujarat, India.

 

Harshad H. Panchasara
Livestock Research Station, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Kamdhenu University, Sardarkrushinahar-385506, Gujarat, India.

 

Prakash M. Chauhan
Department of Clinics, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Kamdhenu University, Sardarkrushinagar-385506, Gujarat, India.

 

Jignesh J. Parmar
Veterinary Clinical Complex, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Kamdhenu University, Anand-388001, Gujarat, India.

 

Aditya I. Shah
Veterinary Clinical Complex, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Kamdhenu University, Anand-388001, Gujarat, India.

Please See the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mria/v2/364

Clinical Outcome of Basal-Bolus Insulin Regimes in Type 2 Diabetics Undergoing Surgery | Chapter 9 | Advancement and New Understanding in Medical Science Vol. 8

India is leading the world in number of diabetics and has earned a dubious distinction of being termed as the diabetic capital of the world. One third of the patients undergoing surgery are diabetics. It is a known fact that diabetics undergo surgery at a higher rate than non-diabetics and are more prone to various adverse outcomes. Many treatment modalities are employed for metabolic control in diabetics undergoing surgery during perioperatve period with an aim to reduce the morbidity and mortality. Among such insulin regimes, the basal-bolus subcutaneous insulin regimen is thought to be more physiological approach to control the hyperglycaemia in hospitalized patients. In basal-bolus insulin regime long acting basal insulin is given to control the hyperglycaemia overnight and short acting bolus insulin is given to control the hyperglycaemia after meals. Though the basal-bolus insulin regimes are employed in non-surgical situations for glycaemia control. However, there is paucity of scientific literature regarding the clinical outcome of long lasting basal insulin and rapid acting mealtime insulin regimes in surgical situations. Hence, it was found worthwhile to study the clinical outcomes of two subcutaneous split-mixed basal/bolus insulin regimes in diabetics undergoing surgery. Therefore, this study has evaluated the clinical outcome of two subcutaneous split-mixed regimes: Glargine as basal and Lispro as bolus insulin versus Detemir as basal and Aspart as bolus insulin in type 2 diabetics undergoing surgery.

Author(s) Details:

Mushtaq Ahmad,
Department of Pharmacology, Government Medical College, Doda - Jammu & Kashmir- 182202, India.

Mohd. Younus Shah,
Department of Medicine, Al-Falah School of Medical Sciences & Research Centre, Dhauj, Faridabad, Haryana – 121004, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ANUMS-V8/article/view/13522

Role of Immunohistochemical Markers Chromogranin A and Synaptophysin: A Retrospective Analysis for the Outcome of Patients with Pulmonary Carcinoid Tumors | Chapter 22 | Diagnostic and Treatment Advances in COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2

 Background: Carcinoid tumors are a subset of neuroendocrine tumors, of which pulmonary carcinoid (PC) is the second most common type. PC is divided into typical (TC) and atypical (AC) subtypes. They have a low incidence and a relatively high survival rate. In this study, we report the characteristics, prognosis, and results of PC patients from Gansu Provincial People's Hospital in China to better understand these tumors and their prognostic markers.

Materials and Methods: This is a study based on retrospective chart review in our tertiary referral center. In this study, there were 36 consecutive PC patients enrolled from 2000 to 2017. The information collected including demographics, tumor characteristics, recurrence and survival rates. All patients had their last follow-up visit on December 31, 2020.

Results: 39% of patients were asymptomatic at the time of diagnosis and, most patients suffer from early disease. 80% of patients have typical PC and 20% are atypical PC. Both subtypes have a good prognosis, but the atypical subtype has a higher rate of progression (60%). The median time to disease progression or recurrence is 6 years. Only 2 patients died. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) markers in those tested showed high sensitivity for chromogranin A (82%) and synaptophysin (100%).

Conclusion: Our study provides insights for PC patients with low incidence in Northwest China. Most patients are treated with surgery and have a good survival rate. IHC marking should be better implemented. Larger studies are needed to illustrate and verify our results.

Author(s) Details:

Peihong Li,
Gansu Province People’s Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, China.

Bin Zhu,
Gansu Province People’s Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, China.

Ailing Li,
People’s Hospital of Qilihe District, Lanzhou 730050, China.

Di Chen,
Gansu Medical College, Pingliang 744000, China.

Jianshe Yang,
Gansu Medical College, Pingliang 744000, China.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/DTACSC/article/view/9574

Decision-making and Surgical Approach of Unusual Foreign Bodies Found in the Colon - Two Unique Cases | Chapter 2 | Novel Research Aspects in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 6

 Foreign carcasses found in the digestive tract show a challenge in the emergency areas. Decision-making is quite important and bear be done in a distinguishing time frame to favor an opportune interference scenario. In order to pick the right intervention, it is necessary to painstakingly assess the patient and enact the type of foreign body, its area, clinical syndromes, time elapsed because insertion and different co-existing factors. Most of moment of truth, foreign objects will pass instinctively or can be removed endoscopically or colonoscopically; occasionally, surgical intervention should. There are no clear guidelines for foreign bulks accommodated in the colon for a very long time, and in most cases, this is not a common position and requires a combining several branches of learning approach. This chapter reviews foreign crowd' management and presents two cases of offshore objects found in the colon. Both cases have had a subtle never-ending evolution contingent upon silent colon perforation and made necessary surgical intervention.

Author(s) Details:

Bogdan Severus Gaspar,
Surgery Clinic, Emergency Clinical Hospital, Bucharest-014461, Romania and Department of Surgery, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest-050474, Romania.

Sanda Maria Cretoiu,
Department of Morphological Sciences, Cell and Molecular Biology and Histology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest-050474, Romania.

Iulia Cristina Pîrvulescu,
Surgery Clinic, Emergency Clinical Hospital, Bucharest-014461, Romania.

Alfred Najm,
Surgery Clinic, Emergency Clinical Hospital, Bucharest-014461, Romania and Department of Surgery, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest-050474, Romania.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NRAMMS-V6/article/view/12139

Surgical Ethics: The Main Ethical Issues Faced by the Surgeon | Chapter 14 | Novel Research Aspects in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 4

 The aim of this item is to characterize surgical ethics and to outline the principal moral crises that surgeons must resolve. Ethical behavior has always existed deeply ingrained in surgical idea, but ethical discussion has only recently enhance an important component of cardiac surgical practice. In our former review, we covered a range of issues containing several related to conversant consent, conflict of interest, professional self-regulation and novelty, among many remainder of something.Surgeons must have a moral compass in their armamentarium that guide their decisions and conduct. Surgery is an ethical practice and thus surgeons should display surgical competence and earnestness in their academic and medical projects. Surgeons should be reliable from a moral and ethical position and should be skillful in the science and skill of surgery. Surgeons must serve as ethical models for society, surgeons in preparation, and fellow associates in the place he/she works. A guide secondhand for discussion in surgical morality should rest on the four-box approach and principalism to clinical morality. Proximity, surgery-rescue, aftermath, suffering and presence are five types of relationships and knowledge that are important.

Author(s) Details:

Richard Wismayer,
Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Habib Medical School, IUIU University, Kampala, Uganda and Department of Surgery, Masaka Regional Referral Hospital, Masaka, Uganda.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NRAMMS-V4/article/view/12108

Oral Submucous Fibrosis – An Ayurvedic Perspective | Chapter 7 | New Advances in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 6

 Oral Submucus Fibrosis (OSMF) is a pre-diseased condition for approximately 2% of the cases, leading to a meaningful deterioration in the Quality of Life, and food. The symptoms of OSMF include pain, blazing sensation, intolerance to pungent food, taste disorders, dry mouth, discounted opening of backtalk, dysphagia, altered tone and depreciated mobility of the tongue. Ayurveda refers to any similar illnesses as Tridoshaj Mukhapaka and advises several remedy modalities, including local cures such as Gandusha and systemic one such as consumption of Rasayana, Tridoshaghna herbs and herbals, in addition to Nidana Parivarjana / abstinence from addictions. This affiliate discusses many areas of OSMF as scholarly and clinical studies relevant to OSMF / Tridoshaj Mukhapaka in up-to-date medicine, such as stop, surgery, diet, behavior, physiotherapy, Ayurveda, and other Complementary Alternative Medicines.  Ayurvedic preventive & health-giving protocols are detailed present.

Author(s) Details:

Aparna Sharma,
Department of Shalakya Tantra, National Institute of Ayurveda Deemed to Be University, Jaipur 302002, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NAMMS-V6/article/view/10988

A Malaysian Case Series on Bleeding and Malignant Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms | Chapter 6 | Research Highlights in Disease and Health Research Vol. 3

 Introduction: Pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (PNEN) are infrequent cancers originating from the endocrine fabric within the pancreas. These tumours are categorised established their functional (hormonal) traits and malignant weakness. The manifestation of syndromes and signs is influenced by the tumour's hormonal function, breadth, and extent of change. Most cases of PNEN are isolated and non-functioning, accompanying insulinoma being the most common type of working PNEN tumour.Case Series: We present two pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasm (PNEN) cases displaying disparate performances and treatment modalities. One case was resectable, giving as a unique incident of bleeding PNEN, while the additional was unresectable due to extensive metastasis.Conclusion: Pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (PNEN) are a diverse group of disorders that present in differing ways. Effective administration of each patient requires a all-encompassing evaluation and tailored situation approach. This article implies that surgical intervention is the favorite treatment for a unique case of bleeding PNEN, while appropriate medical medicine is beneficial for unresectable metastatic PNEN.

Author(s) Details:

Muthu Viknesh,
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Datta Meghe Medical College and Shalinitai Meghe Hospital and Research Centre, Nagpur, India.

Faqihuddin Bin Hisham,
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Datta Meghe Medical College and Shalinitai Meghe Hospital and Research Centre, Nagpur, India.

Padmaan Sankaran,
Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Sawangi, Wardha, India.

Soon Kong Choon,
Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sarawak General Hospital, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia.

Nik Azim Bin Nik Abdullah,
Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sarawak General Hospital, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RHDHR-V3/article/view/9784

Ulcero-necrotic Wound and Its Socio-economic Impact: A Retrospective Study from Kayes, Mali | Chapter 3 | Perspective of Recent Advances in Medical Research Vol. 9

 Wound care has forever existed an main issue in the practise of cure. This is explained by Ambroise Paré's resolution to issue "La manière de traiter les Plaies" (The Way of Treating Wounds) in 1545. The purpose isto judge the healing designs we practice and to characterize the impact of the study of plants on socio-business-related and professional growth.this was a backward-looking study was attended at the Fousseyni Daou Hospital in Kayes from January 1, 2018, to December 31, 2020. We contained all hospitalised sufferers accompanying an ulcero-deadly wound on immunocompetent landscape. Patients accompanying ulcerative deadly wounds led to by diabetes, HIV, or tumor were forbade. The following limits were examined: aetiologies, local care, sequelae, and socioeconomic and professional facets. We calm 57 inmates of whom 43 were sons and 14 were girls, that is a sexuality percentage of 3. The mean age was 40.7 age accompanying a predictable difference of 8.4 accompanying limits (7 age and 80 age). The most depicted socio-professional layer was agropastoralism in 37 cases (65%). The ruling etiological determinant was ignored frightening wounds in 34 cases (59.6%). The section was the lower appendage in 39 cases (68.5%). The beginning establish was Staphylococcus aureus in 21 cases (36.8%). The individuality all along local care was the use of table carbohydrate in 9 cases (15.7%) and insect healing in 2 cases (3.5%). Hyperthermia was the dispassionate sign of annoyance in 22 cases (38.6%) and we investigated 2 cases (3.5%) of nervous system infection. The death rate was 15.7% (9 cases) and 30 cases (52.7%) of sequelae later improvement. The average distance of wait the emergency room was 38 days. In 35 cases (61.4%), the social work help determined clinic care. Nineteen (19) cases (39.5%) were inadequate to resume their former socio-professional endeavor.Ulcero-deadly wounds are troublesome to control and can have a unending affect victims' socio-professional and business-related project.

Author(s) Details:

Lamine Issaga Traore,
Hospital Kayes, Mali.

Sidy Sangare,
Hospital Kayes, Mali.

Gaoussou Sogoba,
Hospital Kayes, Mali.

Mamaye Kouyate,
Hospital Kayes, Mali.

Abdoulaye Cisse,
Dermatology and Venereology, Hospital Kayes, Mali.

Bakary S. Keita,
Infectious Diseases, Hospital Kayes, Mali.

Lassina Goita,
Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Hospital Kayes, Mali.

Adama S. Diakite,
Urology, Hospital Kayes, Mali.

Mariam Sanogo,
Departement of Social, Hospital Kayes, Mali.

Drissa Traore,
CHU, Point G, Bamako, Mali.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/PRAMR-V9/article/view/9590

Quadricuspid Aortic Valve: A Surgical Point of View| Chapter 9 | Perspective of Recent Advances in Medical Research Vol. 4

 We present depict findings of an Quadricuspid aortic valve (QAV). Echocardiographic verdicts were supplemented with additional diagnostic procedures. QAV is a unique congenital heart disease. The working status of QAV is predominantly a clean aortic regurgitation. Clinical manifestations of subjects with a QAV depend on the working status of the QAV and the associated disorders. A 70-period-old female patient was suffering from liberal shortness of breath on account of severe aortic regurgitation (AR), understood approximately two age prior to surgery. Surgery proceeded uneventful, and she was released home on the having five of something postoperative day. Good examination result in a follow-up few four months later to intervention has been settled.

Author(s) Details:

Boris Zrnic,
Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Clinical Hospital Centre Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/PRAMR-V4/article/view/9133

A Case Report of a Non-Specific Inflammatory Intra-Thoracic Mass Mimicking Malignancy | Chapter 14 | Current Innovations in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 5

 A 42- time-old man presented to the exigency department with the complaint of patient cough and hemoptysis. The clinical and radiological findings suggested a low grade malice. An en- bloc resection of the tumour with glutinous casket wall and diaphragm was performed. We were surprised to discover habitualnon-specific inflammation on histology. Although a many benignintra-thoracic lesions have been mentioned to mimic lung cancer, anon-specific seditious mass lesion masquerading as cancer has noway been revealed. Then we bandy the individual and remedial challenges involved in managing this unique clinical reality.

Author(s) Details:

Satya Prakash Meena,
Department of General Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Jodhpur, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CIMMS-V5/article/view/8472

Study about Informed Consent for Surgical Care in East Africa | Chapter 20 | New Horizons in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 3

 In the industrialised world, one of the pillars of ethical surgical practise is informed surgical consent. Pre-operative surgical consent has only been studied by a few researchers in low-income developing countries. After the surgeon caring for the patient has supplied the essential information, the patient has the right to make an autonomous and independent decision regarding his or her surgical treatment during the informed consent procedure. The Lisbon Declaration of the World Medical Association (WMA) promotes patient autonomy and decision-making independence. Factors including familial and cultural history, education, religion, and socioeconomic status can all influence informed consent in surgical practise. Few studies have looked at surgeons' consent practises in East Africa in order to describe optimal surgical practises and find areas for development in the region. The authors' personal experiences with surgical consent among Ugandan surgeons, as well as the specific issues faced in East Africa, were the focus of this review. In Uganda, the administration and documentation of informed consent are still lacking. Better medical ethics education and communication skills training are required in medical schools. Refresher training in medical ethics and communication skills may be required for fully trained surgeons.

Author(S) Details

Richard Wismayer
Department of Surgery, Masaka Regional Referral Hospital, Masaka, Uganda and Department of Surgery, Habib Medical School, IUIU University, Kampala, Uganda and Department of Pathology, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.


View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/NHMMR-V3/article/view/6349

A Detailed Study on Extramedullary Hematopoiesis: Uncommon Case of Giant Adrenal Incidentaloma Mimicking Tumor Mass | Chapter 12 | New Horizons in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 2

 Extramedullary hematopoiesis (EMH) occurs as a compensatory mechanism when bone marrow function is insufficient to meet the circulatory needs. EMH is most usually detected in the reticuloendothelial system, which includes the spleen, liver, and lymph nodes, as well as para-osseous locations. With fewer than ten cases recorded, EMH in the adrenal is unusual, and appearing as a large adrenal tumour is extremely rare. We describe the cases of two 38-year-old women who have had -thalassemia since childhood. After hormonal secretion was ruled out, computed tomography (CT) revealed a massive right adrenal mass with heterogeneous density that resembled a tumour mass with significant splenomegaly. An ultrasound-guided biopsy revealed fibrocollagenous tissue with trilineage hemopoiesis in favour of adrenal EMH, ruling out cancer. The therapy for a huge mass included excision surgery followed by repeated transfusions to avoid recurrence. In everyday practise, practitioners should pay special attention to the differential diagnosis in any patient with persistent hematologic abnormalities indicative of EMH, regardless of location. A confirmed preoperative biopsy is indicated to avoid needless treatments.

Author(S) Details

ELaouni Soukaina
Department of Pathology, Ibn Sina University Hospital, Rabat, Morocco and Faculty of medicine and Pharmacy, University Mohamed V, Rabat, Morocco

Znati Kaoutar
Department of Pathology, Ibn Sina University Hospital, Rabat, Morocco and Faculty of medicine and Pharmacy, University Mohamed V, Rabat, Morocco.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/NHMMR-V2/article/view/6132

Successful Treatment with Expanded Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy for Muscle Wasting Post-Surgical Repair of Achilles Tendon | Chapter 15 | Issues and Developments in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 3

 The efficacy of local implantation of biological treatment to restore injured calf muscles and tendons is investigated in this study. The Achilles tendon (AT) is one of the most commonly torn tendons in the lower leg. During strong physical activity that include quick swivelling on a foot or a fast burst of speed, sudden forces apply to the Achilles tendon, causing it to rupture. Pain, ankle stiffness, and diminished strength are common symptoms of chronic AT rupture, which develops 4-6 weeks after the initial injury. When there is a substantial gap between the tendon ends, reconstruction is required, most typically via flexor hallucis longus tendon (FHLT) transfer for any abnormalities above 2cm. A 44-year-old female patient experienced a left AT rupture during a netball game in this case report. She received conservative treatment at first, but it ruptured again spontaneously, needing reconstruction surgery with FHLT transfer. At the transplanted musculo-Achilles junction, she suffered calf muscle weakness and atrophy. Her symptoms included calf muscle atrophy and weakness, as well as the inability to complete a single heel rise. The score on the Foot and Ankle Disability Index (FADI) was 74. Her orthopaedic surgeon refused to perform any additional surgery because it would be of no advantage to her. She has chosen an autologous adipose-derived expanded mesenchymal stem cell treatment (MSCs) and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) experiment (PRP). She had a favourable outcome six months after the treatment, as demonstrated by increased everyday activities, heel-raising, and running slowly for the first time in several years after reconstruction surgery. Her FADI score improved to 91.3, and a six-month MRI revealed an enhanced signal at the musculo-Achilles junction, indicating that the injury was healing. This example shows that a single MSC and PRP treatment resulted in a favourable outcome, demonstrating that MSC therapy can be used to heal lost calf muscle and tendon from previous scarring.

Author(S) Details

Hassan Mubark
Department of Rheumatology, Auckland Regenerative Clinic, Ormiston Specialist Centre, New Zealand.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/IDMMR-V3/article/view/5476

A Descriptive Study on Assessment of the Preoperative Health Status Based on ASA PS versus ABCK | Chapter 8 | Recent Developments in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 12

 Introduction: The ASA score has the disadvantage of being subjective, and various authors have disputed its inter-individual concordance rate. The goal of this study is to see if the ABCK and ASA scores are in agreement.

Methods: It is a descriptive study that took place in three Kinshasa hospitals from December 1, 2013 to August 30, 2014: Hôpital de l'amitié sino-congolaise, Hôpital Saint Joseph, and Hôpital Marie Biamba Mutombo. ASA and ABCK scores were used to evaluate all patients hospitalised for pre-anaesthesia consultation during the study period. All pregnant women and children were excluded from the study.

All participants gave their informed consent. The kappa of Cohen test was used to measure the new score's conformance to the ASA score.

Results: A total of 768 patients were investigated, with 449 women and 319 men. The sex ratio favoured women by 1.4. The average age of the participants was 39.4 16.8 years. The most common consequences during and after surgery operations were low blood pressure and anaemia, which were generally detected in stages 3 and 4 for the two scores.

For the two scores, blood transfusions were common in stages 3 and 4. In both groups, mortality increases with patient stage (ASA: X2 = 25.98; p 0.001 and ABCK: X2 = 29.70; p 0.001). The score had no effect on the likelihood of mortality (p = 0.31 according to Fisher for class 3 and X2 = 0.52; p = 0.24 for class 4). Furthermore, ABCK and ASA had remarkable agreement, with a Kappa of 0.86 (p 0.001).

Conclusion: Even if there is a link between ABCK and ASA, a larger investigation with patients from obstetrics and paediatric surgery who were not included in this study would be very interesting to generalise the effects of this new score.

Author(S) Details

I. M. Bula-Bula
Department of Anaesthesia and resuscitation, University of Kinshasa Teaching Hospital, Democratic Republic of Congo.

P. Kabuni
Department of Anaesthesia and resuscitation, University of Kinshasa Teaching Hospital, Democratic Republic of Congo.

J. Kimbien
Unit of Anaesthesia, Hôpital Saint Joseph, Democratic Republic of Congo.

A. Sikyala
Unit of Anaesthesia, Hôpital de l’Amitié Sino-Congolaise, Democratic Republic of Congo.

M. Ilunga
Department of Anaesthesia and resuscitation, University of Kinshasa Teaching Hospital, Democratic Republic of Congo.

J. Athombo
Unit of Anaesthesia, Hôpital Marie Biamba Mutombo, Democratic Republic of Congo.

P. Kimpanga
School of Public Health, University of Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo.

F. Lepira
Department of Medicine, University of Kinshasa Teaching Hospital, Democratic Republic of Congo.

M. Mbuyi
Department of Medicine, University of Kinshasa Teaching Hospital, Democratic Republic of Congo.

M. Kilembe
Department of Anaesthesia and resuscitation, University of Kinshasa Teaching Hospital, Democratic Republic of Congo.

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Recent Development and Studies: Skin Resurfacing and Face-Lift in the Same Surgical Procedure | Chapter 9 | Highlights on Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 6

When doing a Facelift, we focus primarily on skin laxity; but, to completely rejuvenate a patient's face, we must also consider skin quality. Incorporating any type of Laser procedure with a Facelift will address the patient's sagging, wrinkles, open pores, blemishes, scars, and other concerns. The main goal of this research was to find the optimal mix of surgery and laser treatment in order to create a procedure that can be replicated in a variety of patients while also ensuring a satisfactory outcome, minimal recovery time, and no side effects.

Since 1994, this treatment has been used in more than 3873 patients with only minor problems. In order to reduce time and improve the patient's recovery, the facelift and skin resurfacing procedures are combined into one surgical treatment.

In 1994, we began adopting a facial rejuvenation surgical treatment technique that combined SMAS plication and skin resurfacing into a single surgical step. Skin Resurfacing using CO2 laser, on the other hand, takes 2 to 6 weeks to recover from. This procedure takes longer to recover from and causes more edoema, redness, and discomfort in the patient. As a result, we began using Erbium: YAG and CO2 Lasers for facial rejuvenation and skin resurfacing in 2000. (Derma K device). We can also use the CO2 laser in the cut (ablative) mode to perform blepharoplasty in the upper eyelid and the transconjunctival approach in the lower eyelid.

Author (s) Details

Aristides Arellano-Huacuja
Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Dermatology and Aesthetic Surgery Clinic of Puebla (MEX), Mexico.

Anja Arellano-Montalvo
Dermatology and Aesthetic Surgery Clinic of Puebla (MEX), Mexico.

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A Brief Study Related to Treatment of Sigmund Freud’S Maxillary Jawbone Cancer by Hans Pichler and Varaztad Kazanjian | Chapter 9 | Highlights on Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 4

 Ackerman's tumor is a rare histological form of carcinoma that is now recognized as a clinical and independent histopathological entity. It can grow at all membrane levels in the upper aerodigestive tract, but it is most common in oral cavities. From 1919 to his death, Sigmund Freud was treated for a maxillary jawbone cancer by two exceptional surgeons, the Austrian Hans Pichler and the American Varaztad Kazanjian. Fleeing the Nazi regime, he went into exile in England, where he died after numerous recurrences of the disease.

Author (S) Details

Xavier Riaud
National Academy of Dental Surgery, France and Médecine à Travers Les Siècles” [Medicine throughout centuries] Collection, L’Harmattan, France and Centre François Viète d’Histoire des Sciences et des Techniques (EA 1161), Université de Nantes, France.

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