Dexterity with Hysterectomies, a form of Art that a Surgeon Passes Down to his Disciples | Chapter 10| Medical Research and Its Applications Vol. 11

 

Objective: This study examines the indications, complications, and final histopathology reports of all hysterectomies performed under our care at Jordan University Hospital during the study period. The overarching aim is to underscore the critical importance of honing surgical skills during practice and follow-up. This objective should be a cornerstone in teaching hospitals that implement educational residency programs.

 

Background: Proper Supervised practice is fundamental for obtaining any handsome skill. The decision is the crucial part as via the physiological functions, the female is given an exclusive function of pregnancy and childbirth through the uterus to maintain human offspring, and this is crucial and exclusive for femininity.

 

Methods: This retrospective study encompasses all patients who underwent hysterectomy from January 2017 to January 2020.

 

Results: During the study period, 245 patients underwent hysterectomy. The leading indication was abnormal vaginal bleeding, followed by malignancy. The most frequent intraoperative complication was bladder injury, while postoperative complications were primarily wound infections and hematomas. Histopathological findings predominantly showed benign conditions, with malignancies being less common.

 

Conclusion: Hysterectomy is a frequently performed surgical procedure that can significantly enhance health and well-being and, in some cases, be lifesaving. Given the potential for serious complications, it is imperative that patients scheduled for this procedure undergo thorough and meticulous preoperative evaluation. Refining and perfecting surgical skills through dedicated practice and experience is essential in reducing complication rates. The gradual accumulation of surgical expertise is mirrored in a corresponding decline in the frequency of complications.

 

Author(s) Details

Kamil M. Fram
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Jordan.

 

Farah Fram
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Jordan.

 

Rand Fram
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Jordan.

 

Banan Tarawneh
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Jordan

 

Mahmoud Eid
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Jordan.

 

Tala Dabit
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Jordan.

 

Juman Lahham
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Jordan.

 

 

Basel Massad

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Jordan.

 

Sanad Abdallat
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Jordan.

 

Haider Chichan
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Jordan.

 

Akram Al-Hadidi
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Jordan.

 

Haya Barake
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Jordan.

 

Noor Tarawneh
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Jordan.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mria/v11/1646

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Transfusion-Transmitted Malaria in Blood Donors and Recipients: A Study in the Dschang Health District, Cameroon | Chapter 2 | Disease and Health: Research Developments Vol. 8

Malaria is a parasitic disease caused by Plasmodium, primarily transmitted to humans through the bite of an Anopheles mosquito. Blood transfusion is a vital and indispensable therapy in the management of patients within healthcare systems. In Africa, blood transfusion is most often used to treat complications related to pregnancy and severe childhood anemia (symptoms of various pediatric infections) but can also be a pathway for the transmission of malaria from a donor infected with Plasmodium to a healthy recipient. Prophylactic antimalarial treatment is not always administered to recipients. Consequently, children and pregnant women are at risk of severe malaria. This study aims to determine the prevalence and distribution of transfusion-transmitted malaria in the Dschang Health District. It will contribute to improving transfusion safety, particularly regarding the transmission of malaria through blood transfusions. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study with a longitudinal component conducted on transfused blood units/donors and blood recipients in the healthcare facilities of the Dschang Health District. The cross-sectional component focused on blood units/donors and recipients, as well as transfusion procedures. Data were collected using KoboCollect and then analyzed with Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS, Version 20.0). Descriptive statistics, percentages, frequencies, tables, and charts were used to describe the qualitative data collected from donors and recipients. Whole blood is the most commonly transfused product, administered to 95.45% of the recipients. Additionally, the majority of recipients (86.36%) do not use insecticide-treated nets (ITNs). The recruitment services show a predominance of the medicine service (38.64%), followed by intensive care (18.18%) and traumatology (15.91%). This distribution highlights a high prevalence of transfusions among women, young and middle-aged adults, with common blood types and a predominant indication for severe anemia. The study concluded that Malaria prevention is not yet optimal in the Dschang Health District. Preventive measures were effective in only 38.64% of cases. The asymptomatic carriage of Plasmodium among blood donors in the Dschang Health District was 4.76%, a prevalence that could be higher during the heavy rainfall season.

 

Author (s) Details

Djam, Alain
Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Dschang, Cameroon and Research Initiative in Tropical and Community Health (RITCH), Yaounde, Cameroon.

 

Edith Laure Manuella DJIENANG
Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Dschang, Cameroon and Research Initiative in Tropical and Community Health (RITCH), Yaounde, Cameroon.

 

Earnest NJIH TABAH
Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Dschang, Cameroon and Research Initiative in Tropical and Community Health (RITCH), Yaounde, Cameroon.

 

Corine Leader NDONGMO DONJIO
Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Dschang, Cameroon and Research Initiative in Tropical and Community Health (RITCH), Yaounde, Cameroon.

 

Brenda MOTANGU
Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Dschang, Cameroon and Research Initiative in Tropical and Community Health (RITCH), Yaounde, Cameroon.

 

Solomon IFANG
Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Dschang, Cameroon and Research Initiative in Tropical and Community Health (RITCH), Yaounde, Cameroon.

 

Bernadette NGO BIKOTOK
Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Dschang, Cameroon and Research Initiative in Tropical and Community Health (RITCH), Yaounde, Cameroon.

 

Gabriel Tchatchouang Mabou
Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Dschang, Cameroon and Research Initiative in Tropical and Community Health (RITCH), Yaounde, Cameroon.

 

Ngam Lois Nabuin
Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Dschang, Cameroon and Research Initiative in Tropical and Community Health (RITCH), Yaounde, Cameroon.

 

Augustine Eyong Bate
Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Dschang, Cameroon and Research Initiative in Tropical and Community Health (RITCH), Yaounde, Cameroon.

 

Moati Angwah Russell
Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Dschang, Cameroon and Research Initiative in Tropical and Community Health (RITCH), Yaounde, Cameroon.

 

Akwe Nzume Blaise
Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Dschang, Cameroon and Research Initiative in Tropical and Community Health (RITCH), Yaounde, Cameroon.

 

Libah Junior Dinkah
Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Dschang, Cameroon and Research Initiative in Tropical and Community Health (RITCH), Yaounde, Cameroon.

 

Ateudjieu Jerome
Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Dschang, Cameroon and Research Initiative in Tropical and Community Health (RITCH), Yaounde, Cameroon.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/dhrd/v8/4551

Influence of Surgical Experience in Performing the Abdominal Hysterectomy and Improving the Linear Curve of Skills | Chapter 10 | Medical Research and Its Applications Vol. 7

Objectives: This study aimed to highlight the influence of surgical experience in performing the abdominal hysterectomy and improving the linear curve of skills.

Background: Hysterectomy is the most frequently conducted major gynecological surgical procedure. Several approaches to hysterectomy are available to surgeons. It may be performed by an abdominal incision (total abdominal hysterectomy [TAH]) or by less invasive approaches, including vaginal hysterectomy (VH), total laparoscopic hysterectomy (TLH), laparoscopic-assisted vaginal hysterectomy (LAVH), or robotic hysterectomy (RH).

Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was conducted on 245 women who underwent hysterectomy at Jordan University Hospital, Amman, Jordan, from January 2017 to 2019. The gravidity, parity, age, body mass index, the cause and type of the hysterectomy, duration of surgery, need for blood transfusion, estimated blood loss, time of hospital stay, intraoperative and postoperative complications, and the histopathology results were extracted from records of the participants and analyzed.

Results: This study showed that the leading cause of hysterectomy in participants was abnormal vaginal bleeding. The most common type of hysterectomy was a simple abdominal hysterectomy with a mean operation time of 1 hour 12 minutes. In total, 25.6% of women received packaged red blood cells, the main cause of which was preoperative anemia (17.5%). These results reflect an improvement in the linear curve of learning surgical skills. Increasing the learning curve in teaching hospitals will help patients and be implemented for benign or malignant situations, particularly with the stability of the medical team. Interestingly, the effect of the acquired skills grew by practice and proved to be preferential over previous years.

Conclusions: Our findings demonstrated how performing abdominal hysterectomy improved surgical technique expressively, resulting in shorter operating times than when using a traditional technique, lower overall surgical costs, and fewer surgical threads needed for each procedure. Numerous clinical metrics, such as mean operative time, complication rates, and other outcome variables, can be used to evaluate surgical expertise. These outcomes were directly caused by the medical team's perseverance and the development of surgical abilities.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Kamil Fram
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.

 

Farah Fram
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.

Rand Fram
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.

Eman Sadaqa
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.

Mahmoud Eid
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.

Zaid Sunna
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.

 

Rana Haddad
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mria/v7/667

Chronicles of Change: Thalassaemia Prevention Across Time | Chapter 1 | Medical Research and Its Applications Vol. 6

Strategies for thalassaemia prevention have evolved significantly over time. Initially, they involved methods such as identifying thalassaemia during pregnancy and opting for termination in affected cases, conducting screenings before marriage, and employing pre-implantation genetic diagnosis alongside in vitro fertilization. However, recent advances, like gene therapy, have transformed the landscape of thalassaemia management. Gene therapy, rapidly evolving, targets a wide range of medical conditions, utilizing various vectors—both viral and non-viral—for gene delivery. Promising developments on the horizon include techniques like sperm immobilization, offering researchers the chance to explore ways of identifying and selectively immobilizing defective genes in easily accessible sperm samples. Yet, this task is complex due to the inactive nature of genes in sperm, necessitating the development of genetic probes for defective gene identification. As research progresses in these areas, it becomes crucial to comprehend the pros and cons of each approach. Therefore, a comprehensive approach is vital for effective thalassaemia prevention.

 

Author(s)details:-

 

Krishnapradeep S.
Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka.

 

Mudiyanse RM
Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka.

 

Please See the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mria/v6/532

A Descriptive Study on Assessment of the Preoperative Health Status Based on ASA PS versus ABCK | Chapter 8 | Recent Developments in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 12

 Introduction: The ASA score has the disadvantage of being subjective, and various authors have disputed its inter-individual concordance rate. The goal of this study is to see if the ABCK and ASA scores are in agreement.

Methods: It is a descriptive study that took place in three Kinshasa hospitals from December 1, 2013 to August 30, 2014: Hôpital de l'amitié sino-congolaise, Hôpital Saint Joseph, and Hôpital Marie Biamba Mutombo. ASA and ABCK scores were used to evaluate all patients hospitalised for pre-anaesthesia consultation during the study period. All pregnant women and children were excluded from the study.

All participants gave their informed consent. The kappa of Cohen test was used to measure the new score's conformance to the ASA score.

Results: A total of 768 patients were investigated, with 449 women and 319 men. The sex ratio favoured women by 1.4. The average age of the participants was 39.4 16.8 years. The most common consequences during and after surgery operations were low blood pressure and anaemia, which were generally detected in stages 3 and 4 for the two scores.

For the two scores, blood transfusions were common in stages 3 and 4. In both groups, mortality increases with patient stage (ASA: X2 = 25.98; p 0.001 and ABCK: X2 = 29.70; p 0.001). The score had no effect on the likelihood of mortality (p = 0.31 according to Fisher for class 3 and X2 = 0.52; p = 0.24 for class 4). Furthermore, ABCK and ASA had remarkable agreement, with a Kappa of 0.86 (p 0.001).

Conclusion: Even if there is a link between ABCK and ASA, a larger investigation with patients from obstetrics and paediatric surgery who were not included in this study would be very interesting to generalise the effects of this new score.

Author(S) Details

I. M. Bula-Bula
Department of Anaesthesia and resuscitation, University of Kinshasa Teaching Hospital, Democratic Republic of Congo.

P. Kabuni
Department of Anaesthesia and resuscitation, University of Kinshasa Teaching Hospital, Democratic Republic of Congo.

J. Kimbien
Unit of Anaesthesia, Hôpital Saint Joseph, Democratic Republic of Congo.

A. Sikyala
Unit of Anaesthesia, Hôpital de l’Amitié Sino-Congolaise, Democratic Republic of Congo.

M. Ilunga
Department of Anaesthesia and resuscitation, University of Kinshasa Teaching Hospital, Democratic Republic of Congo.

J. Athombo
Unit of Anaesthesia, Hôpital Marie Biamba Mutombo, Democratic Republic of Congo.

P. Kimpanga
School of Public Health, University of Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo.

F. Lepira
Department of Medicine, University of Kinshasa Teaching Hospital, Democratic Republic of Congo.

M. Mbuyi
Department of Medicine, University of Kinshasa Teaching Hospital, Democratic Republic of Congo.

M. Kilembe
Department of Anaesthesia and resuscitation, University of Kinshasa Teaching Hospital, Democratic Republic of Congo.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/RDMMR-V12/article/view/4674

Study on Ethical and Legal Aspects of Blood Transfusion | Chapter 16 | New Frontiers in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 4

 Because blood comes from humans and is a valuable resource with a short shelf life, transfusion medicine raises a number of medical, legal, and ethical concerns. Legal rules provide a foundation for the Indian blood transfusion service (BTS), while ethical criteria pave the way for high-quality care. The purpose of this paper is to provide clinicians with current information on the legal and ethical implications of blood transfusion.

Author (S) Details

Parul Garg
Department of Pathology, Guru Gobind Singh Hospital and Medical College, Baba Farid University of Health Sciences, Faridkot, PB, India.

Ishwer Tayal
Departmentof Forensic Medicine, Guru Gobind Singh Hospital and Medical College, Baba Farid University of Health Sciences, Faridkot, PB, India.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/NFMMR-V4/article/view/2895

HIV Threat: A Challenge Yet to Overcome for Safe Blood Transfusion | Chapter 16 | Highlights on Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 13

 For the past four decades, the Human Immune Deficiency Virus has been able to threaten the human population all across the world. An alarming number of individuals are living with HIV/AIDS today, and a large number of people are becoming infected each year. Despite the fact that global statistics show a gradual drop in the number of HIV-positive people since 2010, the numbers are nonetheless scary enough to send shivers down the human race's spine. Among the various forms of HIV transmission, blood transfusion is one of the most common ways for people to become infected. Several factors influence the risk of HIV infection from blood transfusion. As a result, proper and effective blood screening is required. The importance of unpaid and voluntary blood donation services should be emphasised. To reduce the spread of HIV infection through blood transfusion, uttermost vigilance and more effective advanced screening techniques, as well as training and orientation of counsellors, are required.

Author (S) Details

Leena Talukdar
Department of Pathology (Blood Bank) Gauhati Medical College & Hospital, Guwahati- 781032, India.

Usha Sarma
Department of Pathology (Blood Bank) Gauhati Medical College & Hospital, Guwahati- 781032, India.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/HMMS-V13/article/view/2735

Blood Transfusion Needs among Obstetric Patients in a Tertiary Care Hospital, India: A Prospective Observational Study | Chapter 11 | Highlights on Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 11

 The goal of this study was to look at the different indications for blood and blood component transfusion in obstetric patients. 1. The goal of this study was to find out how common blood transfusions are in obstetric patients, as well as the reasons behind them. 2. To assess the many risk factors that these ladies are exposed to. 3. The purpose of this research is to look into the role of antenatal visits in patients who require blood transfusions. Methodology: From July 2018 to June 2019, a prospective observational study will be done at the department of OBG at SSIMS & RC, Davangere. This study looked at pregnant women and postpartum patients (up to 7 days after birth) who needed blood and blood component therapy and were admitted to the OBG department. During the study period, 543 people out of 5486 required blood transfusions. 9.89 % of the time, transfusions are used. In our study, we found that anaemia, obstetric haemorrhage, thrombocytopenia, disseminated intravascular coagulopathy, ruptured ectopic pregnancy, incomplete miscarriage, full abortion, and hydatidiform mole were among the reasons for blood and blood product transfusion. Anemia in pregnancy was the most common cause, with 217 instances (39.96 percent) detected, followed by postpartum haemorrhage, which was seen in 117 cases (21.54 percent ). Transfusion reactions happened 5.34 percent of the time in our study. Conclusion: A full understanding of blood and blood product transfusion is essential in order to make it available to individuals who are actually in need while also lowering the cost. Prenatal testing should be prioritised in order to maximise haemoglobin levels at delivery and detect high-risk patients. Active management of the stage of labour is critical for reducing blood loss. Anemia is still a common reason for blood and blood product transfusions, followed by maternal haemorrhage.

Author (s) Details

Dr. Renuka
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, SSIMS & RC Davangere, Karnataka, India.

A. S. Shridevi
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, SSIMS & RC Davangere, Karnataka, India.

G. L. Patil
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, SSIMS & RC Davangere, Karnataka, India.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/HMMS-V11/article/view/2504

Blood Transfusion and Jehovah's Witnesses. The Doctor's Posture, the Courts' View and Two Case Report | Chapter 11 | Highlights on Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 10

 The general public is generally aware that blood and blood products transfusions can save lives, but that they can also pose substantial hazards of infection transmission. Jehovah's Witnesses have traditionally been profoundly pious people who resist blood transfusions. According to the 2010 Brazilian census, there were 1,393,208 Jehovah's Witnesses in the country this year. The majority of anesthesiologists interviewed do not honour Jehovah's Witness patients' preferences. Despite the fact that the Brazilian Constitution provides religious freedom and life autonomy, the legal system has a long history of discrimination. For religious grounds, believes that people are not permitted to live their own lives. There is a present scenario in the disciplinary and judicial administrative domains that allows for professional and hospital accountability. The two patients, a 17-year-old boy and a 77-year-old woman, are bloodless and have Hb levels of roughly 4 g/dL. Multiple techniques to avoid and optimise oxygen supply will reduce anaemia in Jehovah's Witness patients, as well as their morbidity and mortality. The medical staff must respect the autonomy of the patients and follow bioethics principles such as beneficence, non-maleficence, and occasionally justice. The major goal of the chapter was to use a questionnaire to assess the subject's jurisprudence and anesthesiologists' level of understanding in regard to the treatment of Jehovah's Witnesses. A secondary goal was to report on surgical anaesthesia treatment experience with two patients, one young and one senior.

Author (S) Details

Luiz Eduardo Imbelloni
Co-responsible for CET-MEC-SBA, Anesthesiologist Hospital Clínicas Municipal São Bernardo do Campo, São Paulo.

Ana Carolina Vilela
Anesthesiologist Hospital Clínicas Municipal São Bernardo do Campo, São Paulo.

Nathália Maluf Ghorayeb
Anesthesiologist Hospital Clínicas Municipal São Bernardo do Campo, São Paulo.

Eduardo Piccinini Viana
Responsible for CET-MEC-SBA, Anesthesiologist Hospital Clínicas Municipal São Bernardo do Campo, São Paulo.

Jaime Weslei Sakamoto
Anesthesiologist Hospital Clínicas Municipal São Bernardo do Campo, São Paulo.

André Augusto de Araujo
Anesthesiologist Hospital Clínicas Municipal São Bernardo do Campo, São Paulo.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/HMMS-V10/article/view/2259

Transfusional Malaria and Associated Factors at the National Blood Transfusion Center of Niamey-Niger: Global Perspective | Chapter 4 | Trends in Pharmaceutical Research and Development Vol.2

Transfusional malaria is an accidental transmission of Plasmodium via a blood transfusion. Its magnitude is underestimated and very little data on the assessment of this risk are available in Niger. However, the blood requirement for sickle cell anemia and children suffering from severe malaria with anemia is very important. Objective: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of plasmodial infection of blood bags at the National Blood Transfusion Center of Niamey (NBTC). Methodology: A cross-sectional study to diagnose Plasmodium infection by microscopy and Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT) was carried out during the rainy season (September to November 2015). Blood grouping was performed by the BETH-VINCENT technique. Results: One thousand three hundred and fifty-seven (1357) blood bags were collected. One hundred and fifty-seven (11.6%) of the donors were infected with Plasmodium by microscopy and 2.4% (9/369) by rapid diagnostic test. All infections were with P. falciparum (100%). The mean parasite density was 197 parasites/L (SD=281; [80: 2000]). There were no significant differences in infection prevalence between the ABO blood groups ( = 0.3) or the rhesus positivity (p=08). There is also no significant difference in temporal (p = 0.1) and spatial ( = 0.6) distribution. Conclusion: The transmission of transfusional malaria during the rainy season is a fact in Niger. Such risks were independent of the ABO blood type and positivity for the rhesus antigen. Pretransfusion diagnosis or posttransfusion therapy should be instituted to prevent it.

Author (s) Details

Dr. Ibrahim Maman Laminou
Unité de Paludologie-Entomlogie Médicale, Centre de Recherche Médicale et Sanitaire, Niamey-Niger

View Book :- http://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/192