Hospital Admission and Stay in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus | Chapter 10 | An Overview of Disease and Health Research Vol. 10

 

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is the most common autoimmune disease in humans. This chapter addresses the clinical topic of patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) and the most relevant but necessary aspects for the medical community, such as their medical history, key epidemiological data, clinical picture, diagnosis, SLE classification, and estimated lupus activity from the first contact. The most common causes of hospital admission, length of stay, rates of admission to the Intensive Care Unit, mortality and associated factors reported in international and Mexican research are reviewed. The topic of drug therapy is not addressed in this chapter because it was not the main reason for the research.

 

The in-depth reviews of experts and international groups were abandoned in favour of a simple, understandable, and concise narrative of each of the subtopics, supported by the most representative references, illustrated with tables and figures.

 

General practitioners, family physicians, emergency medicine specialists, and various subspecialists frequently have to care for patients with SLE because it is the autoimmune disease with the highest incidence and prevalence in the world. The intention of this chapter is for readers, whether experts or not, to quickly grasp at first glance the most important message of each topic, using a practical approach to facilitate the care of their patients with SLE and accurately answer the most common questions.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Juan Gustavo Vázquez Rodríguez
Intensive Care Unit, High Specialty Medical Unit, Gynecology and Obstetrics Hospital No. 3, National Medical Center “La Raza”, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Mexico City, Mexico.

 

Juan Antonio García Bello
High Specialty Medical Unit, Gynecology and Obstetrics Hospital No. 3, National Medical Center “La Raza”, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Mexico City, Mexico.

 

Juan Gustavo Vázquez Arredondo
Department of Internal Medicine, High Specialty Medical Unit “Dr. Antonio Fraga Mouret” Specialty Hospital, National Medical Center “La Raza”, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Mexico City, Mexico.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/aodhr/v10/7273

Serum Selenium Levels in Prostate Cancer and Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: A Comparative Study in Nigerian Patients | Chapter 12 | Medical Science: Recent Advances and Applications Vol. 11

 

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common cancer among men and also a significant cause of mortality. Over one million new cases were diagnosed in 2020, and over 300,000 deaths from prostate cancer were recorded in the same year. Selenium, a trace metal, has been investigated for its potential role in prostate cancer through mechanisms such as angiogenesis inhibition, modulation of cell death, and androgen receptor signalling. This study compares the serum Selenium (Se) levels of patients diagnosed with prostate cancer versus those diagnosed with Benign Prostate Hyperplasia (BPH).

 

The study was carried out in the University of Port Harcourt teaching Hospital (UPTH) and Gbeye hospital. A total of 81 patients who gave their consent, and had lower urinary tract symptoms were recruited over a 6 months period. 40 patients had Benign prostate enlargement, while 41 patients had prostate cancer. Blood samples were collected and analysed for Se using an Atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Patient biodata, prostate-specific antigen, and serum selenium levels were collected and analysed using SPSS version 20.

 

The mean age of respondents in this study was 60(9) and 62(9) for BPH and PCa respectively. The mean BMI was 25.81 (2.04). The mean PSA of the BPH and PCa groups were 2(1) and 18(5) respectively P <0.001. The serum selenium level for those with BPH was 0.17 (0.07), while that for those with PCa was 0.14 (0.07) with a p-value of 0.073.

 

This study found that serum Se was lower in patients with PCa compared with controls (BPH) but this difference was not statistically significant. The role of Se in prostate diseases and, indeed, prostate cancer still requires further research. This is particularly important in West Africa, where the burden of prostate cancer is high.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Okigbeye Danagogo
Department of Surgery, Rivers State University Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria.

 

Egbuchilem Chisor-Wabali
Department of Surgery, Rivers State University Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/msraa/v11/6317

Assessing the Outcome of Preoperative Transfusion Guideline on Sickle Cell Disease Patients at King Fahd Hospital-Jeddah, Saudi Arabia: A Retrospective Study | Chapter 11 | Medical Science: Recent Advances and Applications Vol. 6

Background: Sickle cell disease is one of the most common inherited haemoglobin disorders in the world. It is the most prevalent haemoglobin disorder in other parts of the world, including sub-Saharan Africa, the Middle East, the Mediterranean Basin, southern India and also South America.

 

Aim: A local hospital preoperative transfusion guideline was developed for sickle cell disease (SCD) patients to reduce perioperative and postoperative complications. This study was conducted to evaluate the outcome of clinical practice on SCD patients undergoing surgeries at King Fahd Hospital-Jeddah.

 

Methods: A retrospective review of 75 SCD patients undergoing surgery at King Fahd Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, was conducted between April 2005 and May 2010. The medical records were reviewed to define the perioperative risks and the postoperative complications in relation to the type of transfusion modality selected. The data of patients’ details, transfusion type, risk factors and postoperative outcome were expressed in tables using SPSS v18.

 

Results: The median age of the patient was 24 years, and 34 of them were males and 41 were females. Preoperatively, 25.3% had complete exchange transfusion (CETX), 17.3% had partial exchange transfusion (PETX), 26.7% had simple top-up transfusion (STX), and 30.7% did not require transfusion (NTX). The postoperative complications included vaso-occlusive crises (VOC) in 20%, acute chest syndrome (ACS) in 2.7%, and fever in 16% of cases. In this study, 33.3% of patients required a prolonged period of hospital stay. In the patients of this study, postoperative fever, VOC, ACS, and the length of hospital stay did not show any difference regardless of the types of transfusion modalities. However, the correlation was highly significant between the pre-operative haemoglobin (Hb) level and postoperative fever (P<0.01) and VOC (P<0.01). Interestingly, SCD patients who received hydroxyurea had fewer postoperative complications such as fever (P<0.05) and vaso-occlusive crises (P<0.05), while those who received prophylactic heparin in the postoperative period had a reduced length of hospital stay (P<0.01) and vaso-occlusive crises (P<0.01).

 

Conclusion: The guidelines for preoperative transfusion in SCD patients were effective in reducing the postoperative morbidity and mortality. Moreover, this guideline emphasises the operative situations where preoperative transfusion is needed and the optimum regimen is required for different surgical operations subtypes. Further recommendations are extended to ensure patient safety by providing proper hydration, oxygenation, antibiotics and anticoagulation during and after surgery.

 

Author (s) Details

Sameera MR Felemban
King Fahd Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia and Institute for Women’s Health, UCL, UK.

 

Rekha Bajoria
Institute for Women’s Health, UCL, UK.

 

Amani Alsawaf
ing Fahd Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

 

Ratna Chatterjee
Institute for Women’s Health, UCL, UK.

 

Abdulelah I Qadi
King Fahd Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/msraa/v6/5625

Clinical Efficacy and Safety of Remdesivir in Moderate to Severe COVID- 19 Disease in Patients Hospitalized in ICU | Chapter 4| Medicine and Medical Research: New Perspectives Vol. 8

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound impact on global health and economies, and continues to pose significant challenges worldwide. Among the various drugs approved for treating COVID-19, Remdesivir, a purine nucleoside analogue inhibiting RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, has emerged as a key option in managing moderate-to-severe cases. This study evaluated the clinical efficacy and safety of Remdesivir in hospitalized patients with RT-PCR-confirmed moderate-to-severe COVID-19 disease. Conducted in the ICU of a hospital in Bihar, it provided real-world data on Remdesivir's impact on clinical outcomes, including hospital stay and mortality, particularly among patients with comorbidities. The study shows significant improvements in inflammatory markers post-treatment, highlighting the drug's role in managing the disease. It also adds valuable local data to the global understanding of COVID-19 treatment, guiding healthcare providers in similar settings.

Materials and Methods: This was a prospective, observational, cross-sectional study based on data collected from patients. A total of 100 patients with moderate-to-severe COVID-19 (RT-PCR positive) were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) of Sri Krishna Medical College and Hospital (SKMCH), Muzaffarpur, Bihar, India were enrolled in the study from 12th August to 11th November 2020. All patients with moderate to severe COVID-19 received an injection of Remdesivir, starting with a 200 mg intravenous (IV) loading dose on Day 1, followed by 100 mg IV daily for the next four days, in conjunction with other standard treatments.

Results: Out of 100 patients, 88 patients recovered and were discharged, while 12 patients died. The mean age of patients was 54 ± 16 years with male preponderance (4:1). Mean duration of hospital stay was 10.6 ± 5.4 days. C-reactive protein, D-dimer, ferritin and interleukin-6 decreased significantly after treatment with Remdesivir, with p-value <0.01, as compared to values at the time of admission, without any significant side effects.

Conclusion: Early Remdesvir administration demonstrated significant efficacy in moderate to severe COVID-19 patients hospitalized in ICU, reducing time to clinical improvement and mortality rate. It has been shown in previous studies to be of significant use in managing moderate to severe COVID-19 and reducing the mortality rate. As cases of COVID-19 are still rampant in our country it may be used in future practice.

 

Author (s) Details

Jyoti Prakash
Department of General Medicine, AIIMS Patna, India.

 

B Das
Department of Medicine, Sri Krishna Medical College and Hospital (SKMCH), Muzaffarpur, Bihar, India.

 

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mmrnp/v8/2421

 

Evaluation of Acute Pancreatitis in a Tertiary Centre: A Prospective Observational Study | Chapter 13| Achievements and Challenges of Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 2

Background: The etiology and clinical manifestations of pancreatitis have great variations. Acute pancreatitis is a common condition characterized by diverse etiologies, clinical presentations, and diagnostic findings. The disease may be mild or severe, may lead to multi-organ failures and death. The most common cause is biliary tract diseases. Other causes are alcohol consumption, post-ERCP (Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography), trauma, idiopathic and drugs, viral infections, genetic mutations and connective tissue disorders.

Methods: This is a prospective observational study conducted at SGT Medical College, Budhera, Gurugram, Haryana, from January 2017 to June 2019 in 100 consecutive patients. The data was collected from case sheets and detailed clinical findings and investigations, treatment and complications from each patient. Analysis was made using software SPSS for Windows 7. The chi-square test and probability (p) value were used to establish the status of significance.

Results: Most of the patients were from the age group 41-55 years. The most common etiology of acute pancreatitis was gallstone, followed by alcohol-induced cases. Other causes were idiopathic, post ERCP and trauma. Pain, distention abdomen, vomiting, fever and jaundice were presenting features. Serum amylase, serum lipase, USG abdomen and CECT (Contrast-Enhanced Computed Tomography) abdomen were diagnostic investigations. Complications included local and systemic. Mortality was 7%. The results of the study are quite comfortable and it is probably due to meticulous care at all steps. A local complication rate of 16% was achieved in the study.

Conclusions: Acute pancreatitis is mild in most of the cases and recovery is good. Severe cases should be meticulously treated as mortality rates are higher. They should be treated in the ICU under the guidance of an intensivist. This study results show that patients with severe diseases should be meticulously monitored clinically, biochemically, hemodynamically and radiologically.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Kanwar Singh Goel
Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, SGT Medical College, Budhera, Gurugram, Haryana, India.

 

Nikhil Goel
Department of Psychiatry, Shaheed Hasan Khan Mewati Government Medical College, Nuh, Haryana, India.

Sapna Goel
Department of Pathology, Shaheed Hasan Khan Mewati Government Medical College, Nuh, Haryana, India.

Tarun Gupta
Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, SGT Medical College, Budhera, Gurugram, Haryana, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/acmms/v2/2872

The Challenges of Cesarean Delivery at Teaching Hospital Gabriel Toure, Bamako Mali | Chapter 1 | Medical Science: Trends and Innovations Vol. 9

 Introduction: Cesarean permits to treat difficulties related to vaginal delivery and risk situations of fetal asphyxia. It also permits to save the mother and fetus. However, in developing countries as ours, complications related to this cesarean are not to be neglected. It constitutes an important cause of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Here, the experience of the structure of complications of cesarean is reported.

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to study the complications of cesarean section at the teaching hospital Gabriel TOURE, Bamako, Mali.

Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional analytic study from January 1st 2003 to December 31st 2013 was carried out. All the patients who gave birth by cesarean operation in the gynecology-obstetric service of the teaching hospital Gabriel TOURE were included during this period of study. Descriptive statistics were used, Chi-square test, Pearson, and Cochran Armitage test have been used to calculate the P-value of trend. A multivariate analyses with a high alpha threshold of 10%, and then logistic regression multivariate was performed. It has been applied to appreciate the effect of maternal characteristics, obstetric practice, systemic factors, on the cesarean delivery rate and the complications.

Results: We have registered 28,376 deliveries with 9509 cases of cesarean (33.5%) and a complication cesarean rate of 32% (3049/9509). The main risk factors for cesarean operation completions were adolescence, primiparity, obesity, the non-realization of antenatal care, evacuations and co-morbidities. Intraoperative complications were dominated by hemorrhage 8.3% and bladder lesion 1.1%, whereas anemia (58.8%) and parietal infection (21.1%) dominated the postoperative complications table. The evacuation (Odds Ratio adjusted (ORa) = 1.96) as well as pre-eclampsia/eclampsia (ORa = 2.34) and the sickle cell disease (ORa = 9.99) were the main influencing factors of maternal death. Praevia placenta (ORa = 1.75) abruption placenta (ORa = 11.08) and fetal malformation (ORa = 2.21) dominated the influencing factors of perinatal death. Conclusion: The cesarean complications rates were high in our improvement of the quality of antenatal care. The reorganization and revitalization of the reference and against reference system will permit the program some cesarean operations to reduce the morbidity related to cesarean.

 

Author (s) Details

Abdoulaye Sissoko
Teaching Hospital Gabriel TOURE, Bamako, Mali.

 

Alassane Traore
Teaching Hospital, Bamako, Mali.

 

Ibrahim Kante
Teaching Hospital Point G, Bamako, Mali.

 

Amadou Bocoum
Teaching Hospital Gabriel TOURE, Bamako, Mali.

 

Soumana Oumar Traore
District Hospital Commune V, Bamako, Mali.

 

Seydou Fane
Teaching Hospital Gabriel TOURE, Bamako, Mali.

 

Daniel Dembele
Teaching Hospital Gabriel TOURE, Bamako, Mali.

 

Aminata Kouma
Teaching Hospital Kati, Bamako, Mali.

 

Mamadou Sima
Teaching Hospital Point G, Bamako, Mali.

 

Fatoumata K. Tounkara
Research Center CHU of Quebec, University of Laval, Quebec, Canada.

 

Amadou Fomba
Teaching Hospital Gabriel TOURE, Bamako, Mali.

 

Ibrahima Teguete
Teaching Hospital Gabriel TOURE, Bamako, Mali.

 

Youssouf Traore
Teaching Hospital Gabriel TOURE, Bamako, Mali.

Soumaila Keita
Teaching Hospital Point G, Bamako, Mali.

 

Niani Moukoro
Teaching Hospital Gabriel TOURE, Bamako, Mali.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/msti/v9/4224

Prognostic Significance of D-dimer Levels in Predicting Severity and Mortality in COVID-19 Patients: A Comprehensive Analysis | Chapter 5 | Disease and Health: Research Developments Vol. 3

Aim and Objective: The study aims to evaluate the relationship between D-dimer levels and COVID-19 severity and mortality.

Materials and Methods: The study retrospectively analysed the patients (Age about ≥16 years) having confirmed the diagnosis of COVID-19 along with or without comorbid conditions. Pathological and radiological characteristics of 2087 consecutive cases of COVID-19 in Parul Sevashram Hospital, Vadodara, Gujarat, from March 2021 to July 2022. Correlations of D-dimer level of COVID-19 patients upon admission with disease severity and in-hospital mortality were analyzed accordingly. Graphically MS-Excel with median values were used.

Results: 2087 patients having positive RT-PCR and confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 were included upon hospital admission. Whereas 65.78% (n= 1373) were male and 34.21% (n= 714) were female. The mean age was 52± 4 years. 319 patients died during above said period and overall, the in-hospital mortality rate was 15.28%. Initially, patients were kept on NIV and then shifted to a ventilator based on Spo2 level and continued monitoring. Additionally, 6.08 % (n=127) of patients were on BIPEP and OBPEP and all died with a 100% death ratio. None of the intubated patients (5.60 %, n= 117) were survived. The median elevated D-dimer level was 600.5 ng/ml throughout the study.  81.5 % (n= 1701) patients were found to have elevated D-Dimer levels, and 19.5 % (n= 386) patients were within the normal range. The median D-dimer level in non-survivors (15.29%) was significantly higher than in survivors (84.71%, n = 1768, RR 24.69%). Furthermore, the disease activity was higher in the overhead D-dimer level group demonstrated to have anticipating value in differentiating disease severity along with high ESR level, hs-CRP and the fibrinogen level was also upraised indicating the seriousness of the disease.

Conclusion: It was concluded that D-dimer level was routinely uplifted in patients with COVID-19 disease and significantly matched up with the severity of the disease. D-dimer is a significant definitive prognostic first-line marker with twice as high on admission than normal range in COVID-19 and indicates the seriousness of disease.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Niraj Chawda
Department of Medicine, SBKS Medical Institute and Research Centre, Piperiya, Gujarat, India.

 

Suresh Jain
Department of Medicine, Bombay Hospital and Medical Research Centre, Mumbai, India.

 

Bhagirath Solanki
Department of Medicine, B.J Medical College, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.

Chetan Sonkar
Department of Medicine, Parul Institute of Medical Sciences & Research (PIMSR), Parul Sevashram Hospital, Parul University, Limda, Waghodia- 391760, Vadodara, Gujarat, India.

 

Simran Arora
Department of Medicine, Parul Institute of Medical Sciences & Research (PIMSR), Parul Sevashram Hospital, Parul University, Limda, Waghodia- 391760, Vadodara, Gujarat, India.

 

Sukruti Shah
Department of Medicine, Parul Institute of Medical Sciences & Research (PIMSR), Parul Sevashram Hospital, Parul University, Limda, Waghodia- 391760, Vadodara, Gujarat, India.

 

Vtrag Tejani
Department of Medicine, Parul Institute of Medical Sciences & Research (PIMSR), Parul Sevashram Hospital, Parul University, Limda, Waghodia- 391760, Vadodara, Gujarat, India.

 

Jyot Kaur Chawla
Department of Medicine, Parul Institute of Medical Sciences & Research (PIMSR), Parul Sevashram Hospital, Parul University, Limda, Waghodia- 391760, Vadodara, Gujarat, India.

 

Mukesh Chaudhari
Department of Medicine, Parul Institute of Medical Sciences & Research (PIMSR), Parul Sevashram Hospital, Parul University, Limda, Waghodia- 391760, Vadodara, Gujarat, India.

 

Ravi Chaudhari
Department of Medicine, Parul Institute of Medical Sciences & Research (PIMSR), Parul Sevashram Hospital, Parul University, Limda, Waghodia- 391760, Vadodara, Gujarat, India.

 

Amal Kumar Bhattacharya
Department of Medicine, Parul Institute of Medical Sciences & Research (PIMSR), Parul Sevashram Hospital, Parul University, Limda, Waghodia- 391760, Vadodara, Gujarat, India.

 

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/dhrd/v3/3507

Role of Possum Scoring System to Assess the Expected Morbidity and Mortality in Patients Undergoing Laparotomy | Chapter 4 | Medical Science: Trends and Innovations Vol. 1

Background: In the era of evidence-based medicine, a sound knowledge of expected complications is essential in surgical practice. Understanding and stratifying patients based on an objective scoring method is imperative in both patient education and surgical team preparedness. Among the variety of scoring systems used to identify the “high-risk” patient, POSSUM scoring is the most widely used.

Methods: This was a descriptive study done on 154 patients who underwent midline laparotomy in this institute from October 2016 to October 2017. Patients undergoing laparotomy were sampled by using purposive sampling and their physiological severity score on admission and operative severity score at the end of 30 days were calculated. The morbidity and mortality rates were compared with the POSSUM score predicted rates.

Results: In the elective surgery group morbidity rates were higher in patients with higher POSSUM scores but due to low overall morbidity conclusions could not be drawn. while in the emergency group, POSSUM-predicted morbidity correlated well with observed results. The low mortality rates in the entire study population precluded meaningful analysis.

Conclusion: POSSUM has been proven to be one of the best scoring systems that could predict morbidity and mortality risk with reasonable accuracy. POSSUM scoring system has an undeniable advantage in our set-up for better patient counseling, improving the surgical outcomes in both emergency and elective wards and better management of limited resources and manpower.

 

Author (s) Details

G.V. Manoharan
Department of General Surgery, Sri Manakula Vinayagar Medical College & Hospital, Pondicherry 605107, India.

 

G. Vijayalakshmi
Department of Surgical Oncology, Government Royapettah Hospital, Chennai 600014, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/msti/v1/3210

Predicting Prognosis of Acute Pancreatitis Patient in a Tertiary Centre with Help of BISAP Scoring | Chapter 8 | Disease and Health Research - New Insights Vol. 1

 

Introduction: Acute pancreatitis is an acute inflammation of the prior normal pancreas. Gallstones are its leading cause, followed by alcohol; other etiological factors are hyperlipidemia, hereditary, hypercalcemia and post ERCP, etc. Its pathogenesis involves the activation of intrapancreatic digestive enzymes and the injury of acinar cells. Many scoring systems are available to assess the severity of acute pancreatitis, e.g., Ranson’s criteria, Glasgow score index, APACHE II and CTSI, but they have important limitations. BISAP score is a valuable tool in predicting severe Acute Pancreatitis in the early hours. BISAP score appears cheap, quick, and simple and hence, we conducted this study.

Material and Methods: This prospective observational study was carried out in 83 patients at SGT Medical College, Gurugram, India from September 2018 to March 2021. Patients with an established diagnosis of acute pancreatitis as per the revised Atlanta classification and definition by the International Census 2012 were included in the study. BISAP scores were calculated from laboratory values and radiological findings.

Results: In our patients with BISAP scores of 0, 1 and 2, there was no organ failure or mortality. At a score of 3, there was 1 (07.1%) organ failure and 1 (07.1%) mortality. At a score of 4, 4 (80.0%) patients had organ failure and 1(20.0%) patient died. We observed that the higher the BISAP score, the higher the percentage of severity, necrosis, organ failure, mortality and hospital stay. Our study revealed that with the cutoff value set at 3, the BISAP score has 39.6% sensitivity, 92.8% specificity, 60.3% PPV and 84.7% NPV.

Conclusion: Our study recommends that at the time of admission, if the BISAP score is low, our worry is less, if the BISAP score is high, we should counsel the patient and attendants about possible severity, necrosis, organ failure and mortality in acute pancreatitis. Patients should be meticulously managed. The present study concludes the increased accuracy of the BISAP score for risk stratification.

 

Author(s) Details

 

Dr. Kanwar Singh Goel (Professor & Head), M.S. (General Surgery)

Department of General Surgery, SGT Medical College, SGT University, Budhera, Gurugram, Haryana, India.

 

Dr. Nikhil Goel (Associate Professor and HOD)
Department of Psychiatry, Shaheed Hasan Khan Mewati Government Medical College, Nuh, India.

 

 

Dr. Sapna Singla (Assistant Professor)

Department of Pathology, Shaheed Hasan Khan Mewati Government Medical College, Nuh, India.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/dhrni/v1/1247

Evaluating the Growth Performance and Mortality in Pre-Weaning Burmese Piglets Reared under Field Condition of Aizawl, India | Chapter 4 | Research Advances and Challenges in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 5

The highest tribal population of Mizoram among the North Eastern states is one of the reasons for the high demand for pork in the state. Large White Yorkshire, Hampshire, Mizo local and their crossbreds could not suffice the demand in the state so rearing of Burmese pigs gained popularity. The studies on the growth performance and mortality of Burmese piglets were conducted under the field conditions in Aizawl district of Mizoram. The data of 35 male and 40 female piglets were studied for a period of 11 months (July 2009 to May 2010). The result revealed that sex had a significant effect (P<0.05) on piglet body weight from birth till 8th week, males had higher body weight at all ages than females however the fortnightly body weight gain was higher in females than males; 155.85 gm and 168.60±0.01 gm in male and female respectively. For both male and females, fortnightly body weight gain increased from FN1 to FN2, however, it declined from FN3 to FN4. Pre-weaning mortality percentage was found to be 21.33% and Classical Swine Fever was the main cause of mortality.

Author(s) Details:

C. Lalremruata,
Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Serchhip District, North Vanlaiphai, Mizoram-796184, India.

Joy Lalmuanpuia,
Department of Veterinary Public Health, C.V.Sc, CAU, Selesih, Aizawl, Mizoram-796014, India.

T. Vanlalngurzauva,
Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Serchhip District, North Vanlaiphai, Mizoram-796184, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RACAS-V5/article/view/13769

Protecting the Endothelial Cells, Reducing the Mortality of COVID-19 | Chapter 21 | Diagnostic and Treatment Advances in COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2

As the current pandemic of SARS-CoV-2, physicians and hepatologists should be aware of the potential detrimental effects of this infection on the short-term outcome of such a fragile patient population. Especially, extra attention should be paid to the protection of endothelial cells, and actively respond to the acute inflammatory due to the endothelial cell injury. This would make a positive effect on the treatment of cirrhosis patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection and reduce the mortality of COVID-19.

Author(s) Details:

Jianshe Yang,
Third Affiliated Hospital of the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/DTACSC/article/view/9573

Diabetes and Cancer Associated Complications | Chapter 26 | Socio-Scientific Interaction in Diabetes and Cancer and Its Management

 Diabetes and cancer are most prevalent chronic diseases worldwide. Studies have shown that there is a strong association between diabetes and an increased risk of cancer, as well as of mortality. The purpose of this review article is to be aware means the risk of association between diabetes and cancer and the steps to prevent it by medication and other because studies still obscure whether diabetes leads to cancer or cancer causes diabetes.

Author(s) Details:

Vinita Singh,
Department of Zoology, C.M. Science College, Darbhanga-846004, Bihar, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/SSIDCIM/article/view/12744

Prevalence and Risk Factors in Perinatal Morbidity and Mortality in the Hospital Environment of Kinshasa, DRC | Chapter 16 | Advanced Concepts in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 5

 This episode aimed to decide the prevalence and risk determinants of perinatal morbidity and mortality in wards in the City Province of Kinshasa. The outcome of neonates sustaining hospitalization at early postnatal growth is associated with fetal and postnatal morbidities.We conducted a descriptive-correlational cross-divided study in the city province of Kinshasa, in two well-being zones drawn by portion in order to guarantee the haphazard aspect of the participants. Data were filed in Excel 2013 and then exported to SPSS 21 program for statistical reasoning. The determination of risk determinants for perinatal morbidity and mortality is fashioned possible on account of logistic regression at the meaning level of 0.05.The prevalence of prematurity in the emergency room setting was 13.8%; that of low beginning weight was 5.6% and the perinatal humanness rate was 50.4 per thousand live births. The perinatal mortality rate was 50.4‰ accompanying 35.1‰ of stillbirths and 15.9‰ of early neonatal mortality. The results of a logistic reversion analysis indicated that birth outside of a healing facility, polygyny, primigravida, strenuous work before birth, the presence of at least two ailments during pregnancy, and lack of tetanus immunization were risk factors for perinatal melancholy and mortality.Improving the mom's sociodemographic, economic, and cultural dowry as well as providing her accompanying high-quality fetal and postnatal care will be essential to guaranteeing the security of perinatal life. It would likewise be desirable to complete activity similar best studies for a broad reflection concerning this scourge throughout the City and the country as far as likely.

Author(s) Details:

Pascal Mamenepi Atuba,
Higher Institute of Medical Techniques of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo.

Louise Lohatame Pala,
Higher Institute of Medical Techniques of Lodja, Lodja, Democratic Republic of the Congo.

Angel Ngongo Andjelani,
Higher Institute of Medical Techniques of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ACMMR-V5/article/view/12593

Perforative Peritonitis: A Clinical Overview | Chapter 10 | Advanced Concepts in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 5

 This stage was aimed to identify determinants in patients accompanying peritonitis which have a significant concerning morbidity and death.In India, perforative peritonitis is the most frequent surgical emergency needing immediate surgical care. Even with improvements in surgical procedures, antibiotic situations, and critical care assistance, directing peritonitis remains extremely disputing, complex, and demanding. The study was a alone center, prospective observational study administered in Lokmanya Tilak Municipal Hospital, Sion, Mumbai, India. Consecutive patients accompanying perforative peritonitis admitted to the emergency and those the one were fitting into the eligibility tests included in the study. A particularized history and clinical test and blood review performed followed by use of appropriate demonstrative procedures such as X-ray, CT-thumb through with supplementary help of USG and diagnostic paracentesis if required and in accordance with the need of the hour. A total of 50 patients intentional with age range 18-60 age with mean age of presentation 36.80 age and mortality rate was 16%. The result tells that 33.33% of the mortality rate in age group 41-50 age which is highest attended by the grave in age group 51-60 years is 28.6%. There is growing trend in humanness with age except there is slight visit age group 51-60 and 60% of >10 day nursing home stay was found in that group of same status.. We found most of the patients bearing no growth in peritoneal adulteration followed by E. coli (34%) highly alert amikacin. Most common complication was wound contamination. study indicated that most low surgical procedure used is basic closure as most common study of plants was gastroduodenal perforation. Patients' condition deteriorates on account of delayed hospital admittance, which is a big contributing factor to antagonistic outcomes. The characteristics that considerably predict demise are anemia, renal failure, infection of blood, quantity of dirtiness, size, and number of perforations. These risks are all significant at 5%. Therefore, humanness can be decreased if inmates exhibiting the earlier symptoms are identified early and endure the appropriate treatment.

Author(s) Details:

Ranjeet S. Kamble,
Department of Surgery, LTMMC and LTMGH, Sion, Mumbai-400022, India.

Mansha Singh,
Department of Surgery, LTMMC and LTMGH, Sion, Mumbai-400022, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ACMMR-V5/article/view/12562

Intensive Care Unit Management of Traumatic Brain Injury: From Basics to Practice | Chapter 14 | Current Innovations in Disease and Health Research Vol. 2

 This member highlights the administration of traumatic brain harm in the intensive care unit. Traumatic Brain Injuries (TBIs) are a important source of disability and humanness, which excessively affect reduced- and middle-income countries. The up-to-date management of harsh TBI has fallen into the rule of a multidisciplinary team managed by neurointensivists, neuroanaesthetists, and neurosurgeons and is based on the preventing of secondary injury, perpetuation of cerebral perfusion pressure, and addition of cerebral oxygenation. For the young and unskilled physician, mnemonics have existed demonstrated expected helpful in remembering the methodical care of clinical questions. This contribution attempts to offer the puzzle "HEAD" as a helpful mnemonic for the administration of TBI in the ICU.

Author(s) Details:

K. U. Tobi,
Department of Surgical Sciences, Division of Anaesthesiology, School of Medicine, Hage Geingob Campus, University of Namibia, Windhoek, Republic of Namibia.

O. A. Ogunbiyi,
Critical Care Unit, Mainland Hospital, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CIDHR-V2/article/view/11202

Epidemiological Landscape of Hematological Malignancies: Global Trends and Health Estimations | Chapter 11 | Current Progress in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 1

 This stage evaluate the labeling of the epidemiological patterns of HM in the Republic of Moldova and the evaluation of their global epidemiological currents and disease burden issues. Hematological malignancies (HM) are a community health problem. The pattern and distribution of recognized hematological cancers vary contingent upon age, sex, geography, and race suggesting the involvement of historical and environmental factors for the growth of these diseases.This is an epidemiological, practical, cross-sectional and big dossier analytics study. The disease was proved in all cases by histopathological, cytological, cytogenetic, microscopic and immunophenotyping examinations. The qualitative type researches were acted and enriched by the narrative combining of the data from the specific international bibliographic beginnings and official statistics concerning HM. The member summarized and systematized the basic studies, dedicated to the epidemiological landscape and worldwide disease burden of HM. In order to acquire the scheduled objectives, the experimental medical news were searched via  GoogleSearch, PubMed, Z-athenaeum, NCIB, Medscape, Hinari database, for one keywords: “hematological malignancies”, “chronic leukemias”, “malignant lymphomas”, “epidemiological patterns”, “occurrence”, “mortality”, “disadvantage-adjusted life-age”, “disease burden”, “COVID-19 contamination”, “management”. Forty-six relevant basic sources were labeled and selected, in accordance with the significance of the impact score under the scientific and reproducible approach to the disuted subject, accompanying the subsequent dossier extraction, evaluation and understanding. Intending to minimize the misprint, a copy of the data extraction covering was initially made, sharing all the elements expected extracted from the basic studies. The decrease of the incidence of HM in 2020 as compared to 2016 and 2017 maybe explained by labor community migration and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on inmates’ addressability. The average age of men was 54.7 age, of women – 57.9 age. In both gender groups, the subjects aged betwixt 50 and 79 years prevailed (men – 65%, females – 72.5%), incompletely fitting the category of a workable populace. The gender study of morbidity showed that the male's rate was 51.5%, the female's rate – 48.5% in 2019. Within 2 age males were 50.4%, women – 49.6%.  In the recent epidemiological context, the partnership of COVID-19 infection accompanying HM proved to be of experimental and practical interest, captured into account an apparently immunocompromised rank of patients accompanying lymphoproliferative and  myeloproliferative neoplasms.The epidemiological study found that the Republic of Moldova had a kind of lower HM morbidity than countries in West Europe, generally as a result of the movement of a workable population.  The inmates with never-ending leukemias and malignant lymphomas, male gender and age types of 50-79 years established the global epidemilological landscape. The narrative study of the literature has confirmed that patients with HM grant permission experience a big disease burden with negative affect their employment rank, working productivity, annual household salary and epidemiological susceptibility.

Author(s) Details:

Vasile Musteata,
Discipline of Hematology, Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova and Department of Hematology, Institute of Oncology, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CPMMR-V1/article/view/11229

Assessment of Mortality Risk Factors in Patients with Severe COVID-19 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome | Chapter 15 | New Advances in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 6

 The aim concerning this study was to identify risk determinants predicting humanness in patients with harsh COVID-19 complicated with ARDS. We particularly tested the friendship of these clinical outcomes accompanying the changes in PaO2/FiO2 ratio (P/F), arterial blood pH the fortification to ground glass opacities percentage (C/ GGO) the Murray lung injury score (MLIS). COVID-19 affliction caused by severe severe respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), that originated in China, has made a global outbreak that has touched more than 70 million society worldwide. . The dispassionate characteristics of COVID-19 survivors and non-survivors ARDS groups were compared clinically, workshop, and radiographically.Results indicated that the median age of non-survivors ARDS sufferers was 68.4 years traditional, which was significantly earlier than those with survivors ARDS by 9,9 years. Male and subjects with BMI>30 were more inclined die from ARDS. The prevalence of fortification (Consolidation\ground glass opacities ratio>1) in alveolus, secondary bacterial contamination, mechanical ventilation and pack beneficial dexamethasone before intubation were common among non-survivors ARDS.The principles of assessing scores (MLIS, Cons/GGO percentage, P/F ratio and SOFA) were changed otherwise. Among non-survivor group these scores were getting decaying by time, and in contrary to these with survivor all these scores were recover and to the end of the 16-th were near usual ranges. Partial pressure of oxygen to fraction of inspired oxygen (PaO2/FiO2) event of admission again was significantly lower compared to survivors ARDS inmates (p<0.05) and arterial blood gas reasoning values were considerably differ: partial pressure of colorless odorless gas (PaCO2) was markedly higher (p=0.023), PaO2 was lower (p=0.026) and acridness of the blood pH was likewise lower (p=0.02).We discovered risk factors for oblivion in ARDS patients with harsh COVID-19. The clinical effects of patients with harsh COVID-19 complicated by ARDS may be jolted by the healthcare providers' use of these verdicts.

Author(s) Details:

Alizamin Sadigov,
Terapeutic Education Clinic, Medical University, Baku City, Azerbaijan.

Malahat Sultanova,
Surgery Education Clinic, Medical University, Baku City, Azerbaijan.

Emil Gasimov,
New Hospital, Baku City, Azerbaijan.

Gunel Sadigova,
Terapeutic Education Clinic, Medical University, Baku City, Azerbaijan.

Sharaf Huseynova,
Healthcare Center of Baku, Baku City, Azerbaijan.

Cavid Pashayev,
Baku Medical Center, Baku City, Azerbaijan.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NAMMS-V6/article/view/10996

Challenges in the Diagnosis of Invasive Candidiasis | Chapter 5 | New Advances in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 2

 This review determines a brief overview of the progress of candida diagnostics, difficulties in defining test results, their strengths and disadvantages, and guide clinicians interpret test results from a clinical view. Invasive candidiasis (IC) is an main cause of nosocomial blood stream contaminations and deep tissue infections, guide a high death of ~30%. Early diagnosis and timely introduction of antifungal therapy is critical. Most advanced ancestry culture systems discover a dismal 50% of IC, and cannot be relied upon as alone diagnostic tools. Therefore it is imperative that non -civilization based demonstrative tests are developed, validated and patterned to enhance the demonstrative sensitivity of IC. The last three decades have witnessed the installation of several various diagnostic tests, most of that haven’t been successful. Furthermore, it gives medical experts a manual for how to interpret test results from a dispassionate standpoint because they can use antifungal medications wisely.

Author(s) Details:

Jagdeesh Natesan,
Boston University, USA.

Suganthini Krishnan,
John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, USA and Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NAMMS-V2/article/view/10623

Mirror Neurons Linkages to Design Communication Skills Training Models for Doctors | Chapter 4 | New Advances in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 2

 Mirror neurons were originally discovered in the early 1990s. Multiple specific ‘mirror neuron systems’ have happened shown in studies to comprehend the purposes, actions, feelings, and nature of others through direct imitation and operation understanding, without the need for some cognitive processing. Research has explained how Mirror neurons contribute to the simulation-based learning of new abilities. This ability to ‘celebrate and imitate’ actions forms the support of the importance of ‘supervised note and practice’ in the development of communication abilities. Effective use of Mirror neuron principles has been demonstrated in surgical ability training for psychomotor training. This phase provides a foundation for communication training established previously established hypotheses to suggest how the Mirror device may be indeed applied in teaching doctors to write effectively. The five "Mirroring" approaches described here concede possibility be useful to help doctor-patient communication. The computational model based on talkative AI (Artificial Intelligence) has been projected for enhancing AI-based Ideas skills preparation for doctors. These tools can translate uttered or written language in real time, making ideas more effective. The authors trust that better communication skills in doctors will certainly improve overall patient and physician vindication, ensure adherence to medicine, and enhance patient count on the practitioner.

Author(s) Details:

Maya Jamkar,
D Y Patil Medical College, Pimpri, Pune, India.

Shweta Telang-Chaudhari,
AYUSH Department, Maharashtra University of Health Sciences, India.

Arun Jamkar,
Symbiosis International University, Pune, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NAMMS-V2/article/view/10622

Morbidity and Mortality in Newborns Exposed to Maternal Chorioamnionitis: An Update | Chapter 3 | Research Highlights in Disease and Health Research Vol. 6

 Chorioamnionitis (CA) is a average complication of pregnancy guide significant motherly, perinatal, and long-term adverse consequences. Adverse maternal effects include postpartum infections and infection of blood while adverse baby outcomes include stillbirth, rash birth, neonatal infection of blood, chronic lung ailment and brain harm leading to cerebral palsy and additional neurodevelopmental disabilities. CA is a term usually used to refer to different dispassionate or pathological environments characterized by an infectious and/or angering process that affects generally the chorioamniotic membranes, but also the amniotic fluid (AF), vessels of the chorionic plate and, sooner or later, the umbilical rope (funisitis) and the foetus. Its incidence is higher at lower gestational ages (GA), and the main system is believed expected the ascending bacterial infection from the motherly genital area, even with intact membranes. The angering complications guide chorioamnionitis have been well described, and these belongings may last into maturity. It diagnosis can be established clinical tests, amniotic fluid biochemical or microbiological examination, or by histopathological study of the placenta. CA is an main cause of stillbirth, premature rupture of membranes (PROM), preterm transfer and adverse maternal and neonatal effects such as early-attack neonatal sepsis (EONS) and necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Its causal partnership to other neonatal morbidities is questionable. Comparison of studies is challenging due to variety in diagnostic tests and morbidity definitions, and results are inconsistent. Additionally, the process's event and intensity are usually ignored. For all of these reasons, it is challenging to authorize evidence-based pieces of advice for the management of the mother and baby in these positions, and clinical practise changes greatly.

Author(s) Details:

Gloria Mercedes Galán Henríquez,
Servicio de Neonatología, Complejo Hospital Universitario Insular Materno Infantil de Canarias, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.

Fermín García-Muñoz Rodrigo,
Servicio de Neonatología, Complejo Hospital Universitario Insular Materno Infantil de Canarias, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RHDHR-V6/article/view/10281