Clinical Profile and Management of Oral and Maxillofacial Tumours in HIV-Seropositive Patients | Chapter 5 | Medical Science: Updates and Prospects Vol. 4

 

 

Background: There has been an increased rate of neoplastic diseases in patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). The survival of patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) has improved considerably with modern medical management. However, oral and maxillofacial tumours occurring in these patients have not received adequate treatment attention.

 

Objectives: To assess the clinical features and treatment modalities of oral and maxillofacial tumours in HIV-seropositive patients.

 

Methodology: This was a retrospective study of HIV-seropositive patients who received treatments for oral and maxillofacial tumours at Barau Dikko Teaching Hospital, Kaduna, Nigeria. The study covered the period from January 2015 to December 2024. The information was extracted from case files of patients, the theatre register, and histopathology records and slides were retrieved for the purpose of the study. Data collected include patient demography, location of tumour, clinical features, histopathology diagnosis, treatment, and complications.

 

Results: This study identified 28 HIV-positive patients with various oral and maxillofacial tumours. The age range of the patients was from 26 years to 58 years. Mean age was 42 years, SD ±9.24 years.  The tumours include: Kaposi sarcoma (KS), non-hodgkin lymphoma, squamous carcinoma of the oral cavity and oropharynx, mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the parotid gland, parotid cyst, who were treated over a period of 10 years with surgery and radiation therapy. Data collected showed that HIV-positive patients with these tumours presented at the third and fourth decades of life, with aggressive disease and worse prognosis. Treatment comprises surgical resection with radiation therapy and chemotherapy. The complications of the treatment include: tumour recurrence, resistance of the tumour to radiotherapy and chemotherapy, rapidity of tumour growth, acute reactions to radiotherapy, distant metastasis, weight loss and death. Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has not altered the incidence of these malignancies as observed in this study.

 

Conclusions: Oral and maxillofacial tumours in HIV-positive patients occurred irrespective of the commencement of highly active antiretroviral therapy. Kaposi sarcoma is the most common tumour recorded in this study. The treatment comprises surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy; nevertheless, the response varied with the kind of tumours being treated. Infection with HIV is not a contraindication when aggressive radiation therapy is needed in selected patients.

 

 

Author(s) Details

O.O Omisakin
Division of Dental/Maxillofacial Surgery, Barau Dikko Teaching Hospital, Kaduna State University, Kaduna, Nigeria.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/msup/v4/6837

Clinico-pathologic Study of Hemangioma of the Oral and Maxillofacial Region | Chapter 11 | Medical Research and Its Applications Vol. 8

 

Background: Oral and maxillofacial hemangioma is a benign vascular tumor that develops due to endothelial cell proliferation and occurs in and around the oral cavity. It consists of an abnormal overgrowth of tiny blood vessels. Hemangioma may not be present at birth but may appear at 6-month of life. It is a rare vascular tumor.

 

Objective: To present the clinical presentation, modalities of treatment and surgical outcome of hemangioma of the oral and maxillofacial region.

 

Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study of all the patients that were treated from January 2009 to December 2023. Information was extracted from case files of patients. Data collected included: age at presentation, sex, location of the tumor, treatment given, findings and histological diagnosis.

 

Results: Twenty- six cases of hemangioma were seen in the oral and maxillofacial region during the period of study. Twelve (n=12, 46.2%) were males and fourteen (n=14, 53.8%). Male to female ratio was 1.0 to 1.2. Cheek (46.2%) was the commonest site of occurrence, and the floor of the mouth was the least (3.8%). The age ranged from 4 months to 39 years. Our diagnostic tool was the aspiration of frank blood from the tumor which had similar clotting time with the normal blood and our mode of treatment included: injection of sclerosants and excision of the fibrous tissues.

 

Conclusion: It is essential to treat the tumor as early as possible especially in large lesions with disfigurement or where it is complicated by hemorrhage or infection.

 

Author(s) Details

 

Olatunde Oluleke Omisakin

Maxillofacial Division, Department of Surgery, Barau Dikko Teaching Hosptital, Kaduna State University Kaduna, Nigeria.

Stephen Akau Kache

Paediatic Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, Barau Dikko Teaching Hosptital, Kaduna State University Kaduna, Nigeria.

Kene Ifeanyi Aghadi

Anaesthesia Division, Department of Surgery, Barau Dikko Teaching Hosptital, Kaduna State University Kaduna, Nigeria.

 

Please see the link:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mria/v8/434

 

Application of an Innovative Technique for Fabrication of Silicone Auricular Prosthesis | Chapter 8 | New Frontiers in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 16

 The goal is to create a silicone auricular prosthetic for a unilateral auricular defect that completely matches the healthy contralateral ear.

Background: Facial structure loss, whether congenital or acquired, has a substantial negative impact on a person's life. In prosthetic rehabilitation of a patient with unilateral auricular dysfunction, replicating the intricate anatomy of an auricle while resembling the contralateral ear is a difficult task.

Description of the situation: This case report describes an innovative, accurate, and simple procedure for producing the wax pattern of the auricular prosthesis that has yet to be documented in the literature. The main drawback is that while merging the borders of wax slices with a heated spatula, some anatomic details are lost, necessitating finer adjustments by small carving and finishing of the wax design.

Conclusion: Without the use of expensive technology, this case report offers a technique for duplicating the anatomy of the auricle in everyday clinical practise.

Author (S) Details

Pramod K. Chahar
Department of Dental Surgery and Oral Health Sciences, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, Maharashtra, India.

Abir Sarkar
Department of Dental Surgery and Oral Health Sciences, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, Maharashtra, India.

E. Mahesh Gowda
Department of Dental Surgery and Oral Health Sciences, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, Maharashtra, India.

Poonam Prakash
Department of Dental Surgery and Oral Health Sciences, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, Maharashtra, India.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/NFMMR-V16/article/view/3782

Maxillofacial Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma | Chapter 20 | New Frontiers in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 12

Noncommunicable diseases, such as cancer, have devastating consequences in terms of morbidity and mortality. Tobacco, alcohol, radiation, chemicals, viral infections, obesity, and immunosuppression have all contributed to an increase in cancer rates around the world. Humans are affected by a variety of malignancies, including Non-Lymphoma. Hodgkin's The incidence of NonHodgkin's Lymphoma has increased due to an increase in the number of health issues that eventually lead to immunosuppression and exposure to potential risk factors. In the head and neck region, its multimodal and deceptive appearance is a diagnostic nightmare. Even in diffused instances, early diagnosis is attainable with a comprehensive study of the presenting symptoms. Fine needle aspiration cytology should be conducted without hesitation, since it may lead to the physician ordering more confirmatory histological and radiological tests. Standard therapy regimens appear to be effective in patients diagnosed early, although the possibility of relapse looms in the future. This chapter focuses on the maxillofacial and head and neck aspects of Non-Lymphoma, Hodgkin's which are not commonly seen.

Author(s) Details

Santan Reddy Muthyam
Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Sri Balaji Dental College, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

P. Surekha
Department of Radiology, Bhaskar Medical College, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

Charan Paul Motupalli
Department of Pathology, Bhaskar Medical College, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/NFMMR-V12/article/view/3677