Background: There has been an increased rate of neoplastic
diseases in patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Acquired
Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). The survival of patients with Human
Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) has improved considerably with modern medical
management. However, oral and maxillofacial tumours occurring in these patients
have not received adequate treatment attention.
Objectives: To assess the clinical features and treatment
modalities of oral and maxillofacial tumours in HIV-seropositive patients.
Methodology: This was a retrospective study of
HIV-seropositive patients who received treatments for oral and maxillofacial
tumours at Barau Dikko Teaching Hospital, Kaduna, Nigeria. The study covered
the period from January 2015 to December 2024. The information was extracted
from case files of patients, the theatre register, and histopathology records
and slides were retrieved for the purpose of the study. Data collected include
patient demography, location of tumour, clinical features, histopathology
diagnosis, treatment, and complications.
Results: This study identified 28 HIV-positive patients with
various oral and maxillofacial tumours. The age range of the patients was from
26 years to 58 years. Mean age was 42 years, SD ±9.24 years. The tumours include: Kaposi sarcoma (KS),
non-hodgkin lymphoma, squamous carcinoma of the oral cavity and oropharynx,
mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the parotid gland, parotid cyst, who were treated
over a period of 10 years with surgery and radiation therapy. Data collected
showed that HIV-positive patients with these tumours presented at the third and
fourth decades of life, with aggressive disease and worse prognosis. Treatment
comprises surgical resection with radiation therapy and chemotherapy. The
complications of the treatment include: tumour recurrence, resistance of the
tumour to radiotherapy and chemotherapy, rapidity of tumour growth, acute
reactions to radiotherapy, distant metastasis, weight loss and death. Highly
active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has not altered the incidence of these
malignancies as observed in this study.
Conclusions: Oral and maxillofacial tumours in HIV-positive
patients occurred irrespective of the commencement of highly active
antiretroviral therapy. Kaposi sarcoma is the most common tumour recorded in
this study. The treatment comprises surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy;
nevertheless, the response varied with the kind of tumours being treated.
Infection with HIV is not a contraindication when aggressive radiation therapy
is needed in selected patients.
Author(s) Details
O.O Omisakin
Division of Dental/Maxillofacial Surgery, Barau Dikko Teaching Hospital,
Kaduna State University, Kaduna, Nigeria.
Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/msup/v4/6837
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