Permanent magnets are made from materials that will remain magnetised and are hence able to maintain the magnetic field around them continuously. Each ferromagnetic material has a Curie temperature, above which it can no longer be magnetised. As the heat increases, the magnet's kinetic energy increases, making its molecules move faster, and they become more and more sporadic. The purpose of the study is to quantitatively analyse how increasing temperature influences the magnetic field strength of permanent magnets. The investigation of the effect of temperature on the strength of magnets is conducted, emphasising both the scientific and practical significance. The work provides knowledge to understand the properties of magnets and their strength when confronted with different temperatures. The experimental setup involves magnets which are used and tested in various temperature ranges. The measurement method involves compass deflection or magnetic field intensity. Once the results are obtained, further studies will be conducted on the permanent loss of magnetic performance in magnets heated above the Curie temperature. The methodology was based on observations of the effect of temperature on the strength of magnets. The deflections made on the compass needle on a magnet heated at different temperatures from 25°C to 98°C were recorded. The results revealed that a heated magnet has a reduction in magnetic field as the particles inside the magnet move at a faster speed and even sporadic rate. This environment misaligns the magnetic domains, resulting in a decrease in its magnetism. Moreover, various magnet materials respond differently to temperatures. Alnico has the highest service temperature, followed by SmCo, ceramic and then NdFeB. The general conclusions were that the effects of the temperature on the rate of the pull of a magnet are inversely proportional. That is, the temperature of a magnet increases, it becomes weaker, and as the temperature of a magnet decreases, it becomes stronger. The results of the testing show that the magnet at low temperature deflects the needle of the compass at a greater distance compared to the magnet at high temperature. It is the future interest to look at the arrangements for high-temperature electrical resistivity measurements of magnetic materials.
Author(s) Details
Yusuf Ismail Koleleni
Physics Department, Muslim University of Morogoro, P.O. Box 1031, Morogoro,
Tanzania.
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