Background: Urology has undergone a profound transformation
over the past decade, evolving from a discipline centred on anatomy and
conventional surgery into one driven by molecular diagnostics, technological
innovation, and digital intelligence. Advances in immunohistochemistry, genomic
profiling, minimally invasive and robotic surgery, regenerative medicine, and
artificial intelligence (AI) have collectively reshaped disease understanding,
diagnosis, and management.
Objective: This work aims to synthesise contemporary
advances in urology by highlighting how molecular precision, surgical
innovation, and data-driven technologies converge to deliver personalised,
predictive, and precision-based patient care.
Methods: This narrative synthesis integrates evidence and
thematic insights from multiple subdomains of modern urology, including
molecular pathology in bladder cancer, endourological and robotic surgical
innovations, regenerative and reproductive sciences, and AI-driven clinical
decision support systems. Conceptual frameworks and representative clinical
applications described across the chapters of this volume are analysed to
illustrate translational integration.
Results: Molecular diagnostics, particularly
immunohistochemistry and biomarker profiling such as HER2, have shifted
pathology from descriptive morphology to functional, prognostic
decision-making. Technological innovations in endourology and robotics have
standardised and refined surgical practice through classification systems,
advanced optics, and laser technologies. Regenerative and reproductive urology
now incorporates molecular endocrinology, microbiome science, antioxidants, and
stem cell-based approaches. AI and machine learning models enable rapid risk
stratification, image interpretation, surgical guidance, and outcome
prediction, supporting complex clinical decisions while maintaining transparency
and accountability.
Conclusion: Modern urology represents a translational
convergence of biology, technology, and data science. The field is
transitioning from reactive care to proactive, individualised management while
emphasising ethical practice, standardisation, and equitable access. This
integrated approach defines the future of urology, balancing technological
advancement with clinical judgment and patient-centred care.
Author(s) Details
Venkateshen
Palaniyandi
Department of Urology & Renal Transplantation, Sri Ramachandra
Institute of Higher Education & Research, Chennai, India.
Sriram Krishnamoorthy
Department of Urology & Renal Transplantation, Sri Ramachandra
Institute of Higher Education & Research, Chennai, India.
Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mono/978-93-47485-68-8/CH1
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