Wednesday, 21 January 2026

Sustainable Treatment of Alluvial Mining Wastewater Using Okra Seed–Based Natural Coagulants | Chapter 6 | Current Research on Geography, Earth Science and Environment Vol. 5

 

Alluvial mining activities represent a significant source of surface water pollution in many developing regions, particularly due to the discharge of fine clay-rich suspensions that generate persistent turbidity in rivers and streams. These suspended particles are difficult to remove by natural settling, leading to degradation of drinking water sources, ecological imbalance, and increased treatment challenges for downstream users. Conventional water treatment methods commonly employ chemical coagulants, which, although effective, are often costly, environmentally burdensome, and associated with health and sludge disposal concerns, especially in resource-limited settings. In response to these challenges, this chapter investigates the potential of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) seed extract as a sustainable, plant-based coagulant for the treatment of clay-laden alluvial mining wastewater. The study demonstrates that biopolymers present in okra seeds can effectively destabilise and aggregate fine clay particles, thereby enhancing settling behaviour and improving water clarity under favourable operating conditions. The chapter provides a conceptual discussion of the underlying coagulation mechanisms, including charge neutralisation and polymer bridging, and examines the influence of key operational parameters such as pH adjustment and treatment time. Beyond technical performance, the environmental and socio-economic advantages of using biodegradable, locally available coagulants are highlighted, particularly their suitability for decentralised and community-based water treatment systems. The findings presented in this chapter underscore the potential of okra seed–based natural coagulants as a low-cost, environmentally friendly alternative to conventional chemical treatments, offering practical insights for sustainable water management in mining-affected communities and contributing to the broader advancement of green water treatment technologies.

 

 

Author(s) Details

 

Alfred Yeboah
Mining and Minerals Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, USA.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/crgese/v5/6872

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