Alluvial mining activities represent a significant source of
surface water pollution in many developing regions, particularly due to the
discharge of fine clay-rich suspensions that generate persistent turbidity in
rivers and streams. These suspended particles are difficult to remove by
natural settling, leading to degradation of drinking water sources, ecological
imbalance, and increased treatment challenges for downstream users.
Conventional water treatment methods commonly employ chemical coagulants, which,
although effective, are often costly, environmentally burdensome, and
associated with health and sludge disposal concerns, especially in
resource-limited settings. In response to these challenges, this chapter
investigates the potential of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) seed extract as a
sustainable, plant-based coagulant for the treatment of clay-laden alluvial
mining wastewater. The study demonstrates that biopolymers present in okra
seeds can effectively destabilise and aggregate fine clay particles, thereby
enhancing settling behaviour and improving water clarity under favourable
operating conditions. The chapter provides a conceptual discussion of the
underlying coagulation mechanisms, including charge neutralisation and polymer
bridging, and examines the influence of key operational parameters such as pH
adjustment and treatment time. Beyond technical performance, the environmental
and socio-economic advantages of using biodegradable, locally available
coagulants are highlighted, particularly their suitability for decentralised
and community-based water treatment systems. The findings presented in this
chapter underscore the potential of okra seed–based natural coagulants as a
low-cost, environmentally friendly alternative to conventional chemical treatments,
offering practical insights for sustainable water management in mining-affected
communities and contributing to the broader advancement of green water
treatment technologies.
Author(s) Details
Alfred Yeboah
Mining and Minerals Engineering, Michigan Technological University,
Houghton, USA.
Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/crgese/v5/6872
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