Sustainable Treatment of Alluvial Mining Wastewater Using Okra Seed–Based Natural Coagulants | Chapter 6 | Current Research on Geography, Earth Science and Environment Vol. 5

 

Alluvial mining activities represent a significant source of surface water pollution in many developing regions, particularly due to the discharge of fine clay-rich suspensions that generate persistent turbidity in rivers and streams. These suspended particles are difficult to remove by natural settling, leading to degradation of drinking water sources, ecological imbalance, and increased treatment challenges for downstream users. Conventional water treatment methods commonly employ chemical coagulants, which, although effective, are often costly, environmentally burdensome, and associated with health and sludge disposal concerns, especially in resource-limited settings. In response to these challenges, this chapter investigates the potential of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) seed extract as a sustainable, plant-based coagulant for the treatment of clay-laden alluvial mining wastewater. The study demonstrates that biopolymers present in okra seeds can effectively destabilise and aggregate fine clay particles, thereby enhancing settling behaviour and improving water clarity under favourable operating conditions. The chapter provides a conceptual discussion of the underlying coagulation mechanisms, including charge neutralisation and polymer bridging, and examines the influence of key operational parameters such as pH adjustment and treatment time. Beyond technical performance, the environmental and socio-economic advantages of using biodegradable, locally available coagulants are highlighted, particularly their suitability for decentralised and community-based water treatment systems. The findings presented in this chapter underscore the potential of okra seed–based natural coagulants as a low-cost, environmentally friendly alternative to conventional chemical treatments, offering practical insights for sustainable water management in mining-affected communities and contributing to the broader advancement of green water treatment technologies.

 

 

Author(s) Details

 

Alfred Yeboah
Mining and Minerals Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, USA.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/crgese/v5/6872

Study of Dynamic Adsorption from Wastewater into Mineral Activated Carbon Using Artificial Neural Network | Chapter 9 |Current Approaches in Engineering Research and Technology Vol. 10

Water bodies are the most common natural resources that have been contaminated as a result of different human activities. Actually, in industries various methods of treatment of wastewater and many adsorbent materials used for purification of effluents have existed. An artificial neural network (ANN) was used in this study to predict the removal of sodium decanesulfonate using actived carbon obtained by the calcination of mineral biomass under different conditions. The structure of [3-3-1] was obtained and given a good correlation coefficient (R² = 0.9965) with root mean squared error (RMSE = 0.0276). For the stage of interpolation and extrapolation, the results present a high correlation coefficient close to 1 which provides the robustness and the high capacity of ANN developed model.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Sediri Meriem
Biomaterials and Transport Phenomena Laboratory (LBMPT), University of Médéa, 26000, Médéa, Algeria.

 

Hanini Salah
Biomaterials and Transport Phenomena Laboratory (LBMPT), University of Médéa, 26000, Médéa, Algeria.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/caert/v10/2974

 

Study of Dynamic Adsorption from Wastewater into Mineral Activated Carbon Using Artificial Neural Network | Chapter 9 | Current Approaches in Engineering Research and Technology Vol. 10

 

Water bodies are the most common natural resources that have been contaminated as a result of different human activities. Actually, in industries various methods of treatment of wastewater and many adsorbent materials used for purification of effluents have existed. An artificial neural network (ANN) was used in this study to predict the removal of sodium decanesulfonate using actived carbon obtained by the calcination of mineral biomass under different conditions. The structure of [3-3-1] was obtained and given a good correlation coefficient (R2 = 0.9965) with root mean squared error (RMSE = 0.0276). For the stage of interpolation and extrapolation, the results present a high correlation coefficient close to 1 which provides the robustness and the high capacity of ANN developed model.

 

Author(s)details:-

 

Sediri Meriem
Biomaterials and Transport Phenomena Laboratory (LBMPT), University of Médéa, 26000, Médéa, Algeria.

 

Hanini Salah
Biomaterials and Transport Phenomena Laboratory (LBMPT), University of Médéa, 26000, Médéa, Algeria.

 

Please See the book here :-  https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/caert/v10/2974

Analysis of Microbiological Quality of Drinking Water in Lalo Commune, Benin (West Africa) | Chapter 8 | International Research in Environment, Geography and Earth Science Vol. 9

 Although drinking water is widely available in Benin, its quality poses a public health concern. Several artesian wells can be found in the district of Ahomadégbé in the commune of Lalo. Unfortunately, anthropogenic factors have a negative impact on the quality of drinking water in this area. The purpose of this study is to assess the microbiological quality of drinking water in the Ahomadégbé district and to reevaluate household water treatment methods used by the local population. To achieve these objectives Thirty-five water samples were collected at water collection points, along the water transportation system, and from water storage facilities, and microbiological parameters were measured. The qualitative nature of the research allowed for in-depth discussions with key interlocutors about endogenous techniques for treating water at home. The results analysis revealed a high level of microbiological pollution of drinking water in this district, particularly during the water transportation and storage stages, where microbiological pollution exceeds World Health Organization standards. Locals are familiar with a variety of household water treatment methods. However, due to their ineffective application, they continue to be less effective. Aside from improving the quality of the drinking water resource, it is critical to implement interventions relating to water treatment methods in local households.

Author (s) Details

Roch Christian Johnson
Laboratory of Hygiene, Sanitation, Toxicology and Environmental Health, Interfaculty Center of Training and Research in Environment for the Sustainable Development, University of Abomey-Calavi (UAC), Cotonou, Benin.

Gratien Boni
Laboratory of Hygiene, Sanitation, Toxicology and Environmental Health, Interfaculty Center of Training and Research in Environment for the Sustainable Development, University of Abomey-Calavi (UAC), Cotonou, Benin.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/IREGES-V9/article/view/1512

Application of Nanofibres in Water Treatment | Chapter 8 | Modern Advances in Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences Vol. 2

One of the big challenges facing the planet today is water shortage. While 70% of the earth's surface is covered by water, the number of people with adequate access to safe drinking water is very small. Owing to the mixing of various forms of pollutants into water bodies through the release of industrial and domestic waste, the available water supplies are also becoming unsuitable for use. Currently, there is worldwide concern about the proper handling of waste water before it is released into bodies of water. Much attention has recently been paid to novel innovations, such as nanotechnology, that can be used to invent new water treatment methods. Membrane filtration is a modern technique, using a semi-permeable membrane for filtration, among various forms of water treatment methods. These techniques have some benefits over other techniques, such as chemical-free, high scalability, low operating temperature, low power consumption, etc. One of the applications of nanotechnology to enhance the membrane filtration process is nanofiltration. The commonly used technique for producing nanofiltration membranes is electrospinning. It is a cost-effective, flexible process that leads to the development of membranes with superior characteristics. Polymers, nanotubes, graphene oxide, etc. have been used to create nanofilter membranes. Combining various organic and inorganic compounds, thin-film composite (TFC) membranes are made. Other than that, the processing of nanofibrous membranes uses traditional ceramic metal oxides as well as mixed matrix materials (MMMs). While many of these manufactured nanomaterials have superior qualities that make them ideal applicants for the production of nanofilter membranes, they are all associated with disadvantages that preclude them from applying for commercial production. Therefore, in order to solve the limitations of these membranes and to produce ideal nanomaterials for water treatment, the potential challenge is to apply new techniques and materials.

Author (s) Details

Dr. K. D. K. Peshala Kumari
Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University, Sri Lanka.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/MAGEES-V2/issue/view/1