Influence of Temperature Variations on the Magnetic Field Strength of Ferromagnetic Materials | Chapter 6 | Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy and Physical Experiences in Morogoro, Tanzania

 Permanent magnets are made from materials that will remain magnetised and are hence able to maintain the magnetic field around them continuously. Each ferromagnetic material has a Curie temperature, above which it can no longer be magnetised. As the heat increases, the magnet's kinetic energy increases, making its molecules move faster, and they become more and more sporadic. The purpose of the study is to quantitatively analyse how increasing temperature influences the magnetic field strength of permanent magnets. The investigation of the effect of temperature on the strength of magnets is conducted, emphasising both the scientific and practical significance. The work provides knowledge to understand the properties of magnets and their strength when confronted with different temperatures. The experimental setup involves magnets which are used and tested in various temperature ranges. The measurement method involves compass deflection or magnetic field intensity. Once the results are obtained, further studies will be conducted on the permanent loss of magnetic performance in magnets heated above the Curie temperature. The methodology was based on observations of the effect of temperature on the strength of magnets. The deflections made on the compass needle on a magnet heated at different temperatures from 25°C to 98°C were recorded.  The results revealed that a heated magnet has a reduction in magnetic field as the particles inside the magnet move at a faster speed and even sporadic rate. This environment misaligns the magnetic domains, resulting in a decrease in its magnetism. Moreover, various magnet materials respond differently to temperatures. Alnico has the highest service temperature, followed by SmCo, ceramic and then NdFeB. The general conclusions were that the effects of the temperature on the rate of the pull of a magnet are inversely proportional. That is, the temperature of a magnet increases, it becomes weaker, and as the temperature of a magnet decreases, it becomes stronger. The results of the testing show that the magnet at low temperature deflects the needle of the compass at a greater distance compared to the magnet at high temperature. It is the future interest to look at the arrangements for high-temperature electrical resistivity measurements of magnetic materials.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Yusuf Ismail Koleleni
Physics Department, Muslim University of Morogoro, P.O. Box 1031, Morogoro, Tanzania.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mono/978-93-47485-78-7/CH6  

B ∞ 1/T and Meissner Effect 1933 Re-explained by Gill’s Electronic Theory of Magnetism 1964 | Chapter 6 | Newest Updates in Physical Science Research Vol. 9

 According to Gill's electronic theory of magnetism, the Curie point is reached at a certain high temperature for a particular metal because the increased inter-atomic distance makes it impossible for some exposed electrons of a ferromagnetic atom to latch onto the exposed protons of the next atom to cause magnetization. A stronger external magnetic field could be used to raise the Curie point.

On cooling the magnet to a critical temperature, the Meissner effect 1933 refers to the lateral ejection or squeezing out of an otherwise constant total magnetic flux from within the magnet to the outside. It will be demonstrated that the concept of internal plus external magnetic flux as a constant is incorrect, and an alternate explanation for the Meissner experiment results achieved in 1933 using Gill's electronic theory of magnetism 1964 will be offered (the re-explained Meissner effect).

On cooling, the shortened inter-atomic distance of the magnetic chain inside the magnetised tin cylinder causes a greater amount of electrons from one atom to latch onto the protons of the next atom, and so on, according to Gill's electronic theory of magnetism. This increased magnetic attraction between exposed electrons and protons of nearby magnetised atoms prevents the increased intra-magnetic force from being expelled along its lateral length.

Due to the shortened inter-atomic distance caused by cooling, the magnetization of the tin cylinders results in the production of a stronger external magnetic force around the tin cylinder, with no change in the external applied external magnetic force, and this is the right Meissner effect.

The effect of a dense layer of electrons on the tin surface on the electron dependent north magnetic pole of a magnet in the Meissner experiment will be discussed.

Superconductivity is explained by supercooling, which results in a substantially reduced inter-atomic distance, allowing for easy passage of free outer valence electrons as they flow from one atom to the next with near zero resistance. In a superconducting supercooled condition, these outside free electrons will receive identical force from surrounding consecutive proton masses of consecutive atoms, allowing them to flow freely with zero resistance.

Author (s) Details

Avtar Singh Gill
Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, USA.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/NUPSR-V9/article/view/1937