Clinical Profile and Management of Oral and Maxillofacial Tumours in HIV-Seropositive Patients | Chapter 5 | Medical Science: Updates and Prospects Vol. 4

 

 

Background: There has been an increased rate of neoplastic diseases in patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). The survival of patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) has improved considerably with modern medical management. However, oral and maxillofacial tumours occurring in these patients have not received adequate treatment attention.

 

Objectives: To assess the clinical features and treatment modalities of oral and maxillofacial tumours in HIV-seropositive patients.

 

Methodology: This was a retrospective study of HIV-seropositive patients who received treatments for oral and maxillofacial tumours at Barau Dikko Teaching Hospital, Kaduna, Nigeria. The study covered the period from January 2015 to December 2024. The information was extracted from case files of patients, the theatre register, and histopathology records and slides were retrieved for the purpose of the study. Data collected include patient demography, location of tumour, clinical features, histopathology diagnosis, treatment, and complications.

 

Results: This study identified 28 HIV-positive patients with various oral and maxillofacial tumours. The age range of the patients was from 26 years to 58 years. Mean age was 42 years, SD ±9.24 years.  The tumours include: Kaposi sarcoma (KS), non-hodgkin lymphoma, squamous carcinoma of the oral cavity and oropharynx, mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the parotid gland, parotid cyst, who were treated over a period of 10 years with surgery and radiation therapy. Data collected showed that HIV-positive patients with these tumours presented at the third and fourth decades of life, with aggressive disease and worse prognosis. Treatment comprises surgical resection with radiation therapy and chemotherapy. The complications of the treatment include: tumour recurrence, resistance of the tumour to radiotherapy and chemotherapy, rapidity of tumour growth, acute reactions to radiotherapy, distant metastasis, weight loss and death. Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has not altered the incidence of these malignancies as observed in this study.

 

Conclusions: Oral and maxillofacial tumours in HIV-positive patients occurred irrespective of the commencement of highly active antiretroviral therapy. Kaposi sarcoma is the most common tumour recorded in this study. The treatment comprises surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy; nevertheless, the response varied with the kind of tumours being treated. Infection with HIV is not a contraindication when aggressive radiation therapy is needed in selected patients.

 

 

Author(s) Details

O.O Omisakin
Division of Dental/Maxillofacial Surgery, Barau Dikko Teaching Hospital, Kaduna State University, Kaduna, Nigeria.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/msup/v4/6837

An Observational Study to Assess the Correlation between Rapid Shallow Breathing Index and Handgrip Strength in Weaning Patients from Mechanical Ventilation | Chapter 8 | Medical Science: Trends and Innovations Vol. 6

Background: Weaning patients from mechanical ventilation is a crucial part of ICU care. There are various indices and criteria to help with the same. We chose to explore the significance of HGS – Hand grip strength and RSBI – Rapid shallow breathing index. RSBI is a well-established tool to assess the patient’s progress before going in for the Spontaneous Breathing Trial - SBT. HGS on the other hand is another tool to check and ascertain the strength of the respiratory muscles.

Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate the correlation that could exist between HGS and RSBI in order to go ahead with weaning from mechanical ventilation. This was our primary objective. The secondary objective was to recognize the difference in HGS between the groups of successful weaning and failed weaning and also to find the differences in HGS between the groups of simple weaning, difficult weaning and prolonged weaning.

Methods: In this prospective study, patients who fulfilled the criteria of being ready to be weaned off mechanical ventilation, underwent a Spontaneous Breathing Trail - SBT. During the preliminary SBT, data such as vital signs, RSBI, type of SBT, time of SBT success, and time of extubation were also collected. HGS was assessed using a Jamar dynamometer in kilograms. HGS was tested at 48 hours post intubation 10 minutes prior to SBT and 30 minutes post SBT. In addition, this measurement was also further tested 1 hour after extubation. RSBI and HGS tests were both tested 10 minutes before the SBT.

Results: Thirty-seven mechanically ventilated patients were included in this study and all these patients were also included in the final analysis. There were 24(64.86%) males. The mean age was found to be 55.32±15.58 years. APACHE II score was found to be 14.108± 5.26. Majority of the patients were intubated due to pneumonia (5%, 2 of 37 patients). The most widely used SBT in our study was pressure support ventilation (95%, 35 of 37 patients). The highest HGS was demonstrated at 1 hour post-extubation (14.14± 0.65Kg). RSBI tested 10 minutes before SBT was found to be 54.89± 9.85 breaths/min/L.

Conclusion:

Ø  This study has helped us arrive at the conclusion that HGS and RSBI seem to have a positive correlation in ICU patients who were weaned from mechanical ventilation.

Ø  RSBI is a main indicator for successful weaning.

 

Author (s) Details

Swetha Ramani Chinnappan Kuppusamy
Department of Anaesthesiology, SRM Medical College and hospital, Kattankulathur-603203, India.

 

Saranya Babu
Department of Anaesthesiology, SRM Medical College and hospital, Kattankulathur-603203, India.

 

Chandhinie Ramesh
Department of Anaesthesiology, SRM Medical College and hospital, Kattankulathur-603203, India.

 

Pushparani Anand
Department of Anaesthesiology, SRM Medical College and hospital, Kattankulathur-603203, India.

 

Mirunalini Gunaseelan
Department of Anaesthesiology, SRM Medical College and hospital, Kattankulathur-603203, India.

 

Karthik Kandan
Department of Anaesthesiology, SRM Medical College and hospital, Kattankulathur-603203, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/msti/v6/4216

Antibiotic Resistance with Cancer Treatment | Chapter 30 | Socio-Scientific Interaction in Diabetes and Cancer and Its Management

 Infections are common in patients with cancer, and they depend upon effective antibiotics to both prevent and treat bacterial infections. Infection is the second leading cause of death in patients with cancer. Loss of efficacy in antibiotics due to antibiotic resistance in bacteria is an urgent threat against the continuing success of cancer therapy. The study highlights the health and financial effect of antibiotic resistance in patients with cancer. Furthermore, recommend measures to control the emergence of antibiotic resistance, highlighting the risk factors associated with cancer care. A lack of data in the etiology of infections, specifically in oncology patients in United States, is identified as a concern, and a centralized and specialized surveillance system for patients with cancer to predict and prevent the emergence of antibiotic resistance. In this finding better ways to predict, prevent, and treat antibiotic-resistant infections will have a major positive impact on the care of those with cancer.

Author(s) Details:

Hari Mohan Prasad Singh,
Department of Chemistry, Dr. L.K.V.D College, Tajpur, Samastipur- 848130, India.

Kumari Sushma Saroj,
Department of Zoology, Dr. L.K.V.D College, Tajpur, Samastipur- 848130, India.

Sanjeev Kumar Vidyarthi,
Department of Botany, Dr. L.K.V.D College, Tajpur, Samastipur- 848130, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/SSIDCIM/article/view/12748

Dose Optimization of the Quinine-phenobarbital Co-administration in Cerebral Malaria Patients: A Physiologically-based Pharmacokinetic Modeling Approach | Chapter 9 | Novel Aspects on Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 5

 The aim of the study was to forecast the potential quinine portion of drug or other consumable regimens when given in addition to phenobarbital to adult patients accompanying cerebral malaria and difficulties (such as lactic acidosis and severe renal failure) and concurrent accompanying seizures and acute renal loss who carry stormy-type and polymorphic CYP2C19. Cerebral malaria is ultimate serious consequence of Plasmodium falciparum contamination. Cerebral malaria sufferers with polymorphic CYP2C19 genotypes the one receive concurrent situation with quinine are in danger of inadequate or poisonous therapeutic drug concentrations due to metabolic drug interplays. Using Simbiology®, whole-body physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models for verbal attack, phenobarbital, and quinine-phenobarbital co-administration were buxom based on previously written data. For model confirmation, four published articles were took advantage of. One hundred virtual patients were fake based on the 14-day and 3-epoch courses of treatment utilizing the drug-drug interaction approach.The projected results carefully matched the observed principles (15%). 444When given along with verbal attack, standard phenobarbital dosage is agreeable for all groups experiencing intermittent or continuous seizures, regardless of CYP2C19 genotype, renal failure, or lactic upset stomach. The area under the curve ratio (AUCR) quantity adjustment method created inaccurate verbal attack concentrations. According to the PBPK model, quinine should take to all groups is a loading dose of 2,000 mg IV immersion rate 250 mg/h, followed by 1,200 mg IV rate 150 mg/h.The PBPK models that have been co4444nstructed are trustworthy for future simulations. Genotyping may not be unavoidable because the anticipated verbal attack doses in all groups were comparable although the CYP2C19 genotype.

Author(s) Details:

Teerachat Sae-Heng,
Center of Excellence in Pharmacology and Molecular Biology of Malaria and Cholangiocarcinoma, Chulabhorn International College, 99 Moo 18, Phaholyothin Road, Thammasat University (Rangsit Campus), Klongneung, Klongluang district, Pathumthani-12121, Thailand.

Rajith Kumar Reddy Rajoli,
Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Block H, 70 Pembroke Place, Liverpool, LG63GF, United Kingdom.

Marco Siccardi,
Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Block H, 70 Pembroke Place, Liverpool, LG63GF, United Kingdom.

Kesara Na-Bangchang,
Center of Excellence in Pharmacology and Molecular Biology of Malaria and Cholangiocarcinoma, Chulabhorn International College, 99 Moo 18, Phaholyothin Road, Thammasat University (Rangsit Campus), Klongneung, Klongluang district, Pathumthani-12121, Thailand and Drug Discovery and Development Center, Office of Advanced Science and Technology, 99 Moo 18, Phaholyothin Road, Thammasat University (Rangsit Campus), Klongneung, Klongluang District, Pathumthani-12121, Thailand.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NAPR-V5/article/view/11053

Wearable Technology for Monitoring Respiratory Rate and SpO2 of COVID-19 Patients | Chapter 4 | Research Developments in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 3

 This review surveyed the indicators of COVID-19 following, such as vitals, respiring condition, temperature, oxygen satiation (SpO2), and activity levels using wearable instruments. With a significant number of unexpected home deaths reported general due to coronavirus affliction 2019 (COVID-19), wearable technology has emerged as a design for monitoring this contamination. This systematic review used PubMed as the table, with the keywords “COVID-19”, “Diagnosis”, and “Wearable Devices”. The search was restricted to studies published between 31 December 2019, and 8 July 2022, as the universal occurred all along this period.  All types of articles accompanying the keywords “COVID-19”, “Diagnosis”, and “Wearable Devices” were screened. Four reviewers alone screened the articles against the fitness criteria and elicited the data utilizing a data charting form. A total of 56 items were on listening, of which 28 included SpO2 as a limit. Although wearable devices are active in the continuous monitoring of COVID-19 cases, further research on actual inmates is necessary to determine the effectiveness and effectiveness of wearable electronics before policymakers can mandate its use. Although research on the belongings of remote patient listening with pulse oximetry and signs of life on health consequences is lacking, wearable devices have the potential to preserve hospital possessions for patients who power benefit most from care intensification.

Author(s) Details:

Shizuko Takahashi,
Department of Biomedical Ethics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan and Sanno Medical Center, 8-5-35 Akasaka, Minato-ku, Tokyo 107-0052, Japan.

Eisuke Nakazawa,
Department of Biomedical Ethics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.

Sakurako Ichinohe,
Department of Biomedical Ethics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.

Aru Akabayashi,
Department of Biomedical Ethics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Medicine and Dentistry Center for RNA Biology, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.

Akira Akabayashi,
Department of Biomedical Ethics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Medicine and Dentistry Center for RNA Biology, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RDMMS-V3/article/view/9913

Internet of Things in Healthcare: Applications, Benefits and Challenges| Chapter 5 | Current Overview on Disease and Health Research Vol. 8

 The current healing resources and healthcare duties are being integrated by investigators aiming towards a computerised healthcare scheme. While the Internet of Things (IoT) is having a profound affect many industries, our focus act the role it is performing in medical research. This research looks at in what way or manner IoT has benefited healthcare, in what way or manner it has been secondhand there, and where it grant permission run into trouble from now on. Our research should suffice for both investigators and industry pros by shedding come to rest on the enormous potential of IoT in the medical field and highlighting key issues in IOMT. The scholarly world would benefit from this study by learning about IoT's potential healthcare uses. Academics would benefit from this facts since it would clear up IOT's history influential to the healthcare industry.

Author(s) Details:

Rajaram Jatothu,
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Pallavi Engineering College, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

Shruti Mallikarjun,
Department of Computer Science, Karnataka State AKkamahadevi Women's University, Vijayapura, Karnataka, India.

Dharmbir Singh,
Physics/Electronics, DPG Degree College (Affiliated to MDU Rohtak), Sector-34, Gurgaon-122001, Haryana, India.

S. Thirumalesha,
Department of Sociology & Education, Mount Carmel College, Autonomous, Bengaluru, Karanataka, India.

Nitin Jagannath Patil,
Department of Instrumentation Engineering, D. N. Patel College of Engineering Shahada, Maharashtra, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CODHR-V8/article/view/9029

Explaining the Concept of Home Health Care Services- A Review | Chapter 10 | Emerging Trends in Disease and Health Research Vol. 9

A wide range of services are referred to as "home-based care," including professional caregiving, nursing services, home-based primary care, and hospitalisation at home for patients who are chronically ill and bedridden. A significant portion of these patients are bedridden, immobile, or have chronic illnesses like dementia, heart disease, cancer, chronic liver diseases, chronic lung diseases, hypertension, diabetes, etc. The hospital's services are extended into the patient's home with the help of home healthcare services. Home care services, on the other hand, range from simple assistance with daily tasks like dressing, grooming, ambulation, changing diapers, helping with the toilet, and meal preparation to more complex nursing services like wound dressing, feeding through a nasogastric tube, catheter change, injection, and tracheotomy. Home health care services' main objectives are to support patients' highest degree of well-being, increase their ability to function and live independently, and enable them stay at home instead of being sent to a hospital or long-term care facility. About 50 research papers on patients, nurses, general duty assistance, and elderly people were analysed by the researchers in the current study. The need for treatment in the most effective and efficient environment has grown as the proportion of older clients with numerous chronic diseases keeps increasing. As a result, patient preferences and satisfaction are increasingly being used as performance indicators; nonetheless, it is the patients' and their families' obligation to ensure that the nurses and GDAS are working in a safe and secure atmosphere.

Author (s) Details:

Ramandeep Bawa,
ICSSR (Indian Council of Social Science Research), Department of Anthropology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.

A. K. Sinha,
Department of Anthropology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ETDHR-V9/article/view/7448

A Review on Endodontic Treatment in the Patients with Bleeding Disorders | Chapter 10 | New Horizons in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 5

 Bleeding disorders are still a mystery to dentists all around the world. In order to establish safe dental procedures, the dental treatment of individuals with bleeding disorders has been extensively discussed in the literature. They not only put dental specialists' talents to the test, but they also raise the question of how these people should be treated emotionally and mentally. The high prevalence of dental disorders is causing bleeding during treatment, which in some situations can be life threatening. There is no dental procedure that cannot be performed in such individuals with sufficient care, perseverance, and thorough treatment planning. Patients with mild bleeding disorders can be easily handled and can even undergo surgical endodontic therapy; however, severe bleeding disorders can pose a considerable health risk and require comprehensive planning to meet any unexpected circumstances that may arise during treatment. The majority of the literature suggests how to deal with bleeding disorder patients during endodontic therapy in various scenarios. Non-surgical endodontic treatment of such patients is completely safe and should be favoured over extraction whenever possible; nevertheless, surgical endodontic therapy should be considered after consulting with the patient's haematologist.

Author(S) Details

Nawras Maher Mostafa
Restorative and Advanced Aesthetic Dentistry, PHCC, Qatar.

Shady Ahmed Moussa Aly
Pediatric Dentistry and Oral Health, Zagazig University, Egypt and Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, PHCC, Qatar.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/NHMMR-V5/article/view/6488

Determining the Effect of a Care Bundle for Hypertension Control on the Health Outcomes of Hypertensive Patients with Stroke Risk | Chapter 11 | Recent Developments in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 15

 Background: Care bundles are made up of three to five evidence-based practises that must be given in a coordinated and consistent manner to improve patient health outcomes. The goal of this study was to determine the amount of stroke risk in hypertensive patients, evaluate the efficacy of a hypertension management care bundle on health outcomes in hypertensive patients with stroke risk, and identify parameters associated with the effect of care bundles on hypertensive patients. In this work, a quasi-experimental research design was adopted. The research was carried out in medical outpatient clinics of government and health insurance facilities in Port Said. A purposive sample of 105 patients was included in the study. Instruments: A structured interview was used to assess the socio-demographic characteristics and medical histories of patients, a stroke risk assessment screening tool was used to determine stroke risk among hypertensive patients, and clinical measures such as pulse, blood pressure, BMI, serum cholesterol, and fasting blood sugar were used to collect data. Results: The study found significant differences in clinical measures such as systolic blood pressure, cholesterol level, body mass index, and fasting blood sugar between hypertensive patients pre- and three months post-patient education with the care bundle for hypertension control, with P-values of 0.000, 0.000, and 0.002, respectively, between hypertensive patients pre- and three months post-patient education with the care bundle for hypertension control. Nearly two-thirds of hypertension individuals in the study group, on the other hand, were at intermediate risk of stroke, while the rest were at severe risk. Conclusion: The current study found that providing hypertensive stroke patients with a care package for hypertension control could enhance their clinical parameters significantly. The care bundle consists of a collection of interconnected evidence-based guidelines, with one guideline influencing another, such as proper foods for hypertension patients resulting in weight loss and increased physical activity. However, more research on a larger sample of hypertensive patients, both with and without a risk of stroke, is needed.

Author(S) Details

Azza Anwar Aly
Medical Surgical Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Damanhour University, Egypt and Medical Surgical Nursing Department, Ibn Sina National Collegefor Medical Studies, KSA. 

Eman Saleh Shahin
Department of Medical, Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Port-Said University, Egypt.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/RDMMR-V15/article/view/5012

A Case Study on Pellet Gun Injury | Chapter 16 | Highlights on Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 13

 Pellet gun injuries can be severe and fatal, especially to delicate tissues and sensitive organs like the eyes. Pellet guns employed by law enforcement agencies have the potential to cause serious or life-threatening injuries since metallic bullets shot at high speeds from the pellet gun can harm the strongest structures in the body, such as the bone. The current case was observed among a succession of patients who were admitted to the hospital with pellet gun injuries of varying severity.

Author (S) Details

Dr. Pervaiz Majeed Zunga
Registrar Internal Medicine, SMHS Hospital Govt. Medical College, Srinagar, India.

Dr. Obaid Majid
Registrar Internal Medicine, SMHS Hospital Govt. Medical College, Srinagar, India.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/HMMR-V13/article/view/1555