A Distinctive Case Report Highlighting the Occurrence of a Rare Gigantic Adrenal Myelolipoma in a Patient with Sickle Cell Anaemia | Chapter 10 | Medical Science: Trends and Innovations Vol. 5

Adrenal myelolipomas (AMLs) are rare slow-growing non-malignant tumors that comprise both adipose and haematopoietic tissue and are caused by metaplasia of the reticuloendothelial cell. It is a type of incidentaloma which is an uncommon adrenal mass usually asymptomatic and identified during imaging investigation for reasons other than adrenal gland disorders. Myelolipomas vary in size but can be as large as 30 cm. These large myelolipomas can cause pressure on nearby structures resulting in clinical symptoms and signs.

This case report and literature review detail the diagnostic, medical and surgical management of a 14-year-old male with sickle cell anaemia who had a giant adrenal myelolipoma which was symptomatic. He had a one-week history of bilateral leg swelling and physical examination showed a mass in the right lumbar region. Abdominopelvic ultrasound revealed a suprarenal right-sided mass displacing the right kidney downwards. It was characterized as encapsulated, echo-complex, rounded and well-defined. The mass was also exerting pressure on the upper part of the kidney, and significantly compressing the inferior vena cava. A computed tomography (CT) scan revealed a large mass tenanting the right adrenal gland. He subsequently had an exploratory laparotomy with excision of the adrenal tumour. Immunohistochemistry analysis of the mass confirmed the diagnosis of an adrenal myelolipoma.

Conclusively, the diagnosis of an adrenal myelolipoma necessitates a high index of suspicion, a detailed medical history, a thorough physical examination, imaging studies and a meticulous histopathology investigation. Surgical intervention is the primary treatment method, while effective postoperative care ensures rapid recovery with minimal complications.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Udochikwuka Patience Ikejiaku
Department of Paediatrics, Federal Teaching Hospital, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria.

 

Chidinma Adaobi Udah
Department of Paediatrics, Federal Teaching Hospital, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria.

 

Johnpatrick Uchenna Ugwoegbu
Department of Radiology, Federal Teaching Hospital, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria.

 

Emeka Nwolisa
Department of Paediatrics, Federal Teaching Hospital, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria.

 

Uzoma Onwukwe
Department of Paediatrics, Federal Teaching Hospital, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria.

 

Lilian Ezeuko
Department of Paediatrics, Federal Teaching Hospital, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/msti/v5/4208

Determination of Clinical and Laboratory Predictors of Elevated TRV in Sickle Cell Anaemia | Chapter 4 | Recent Developments in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 5

 Pulmonary hypertension (PH) has become a well-known consequence of sickle cell anaemia (SCA) and is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Despite the high prevalence of SCA in Sub-Saharan Africa, there is a scarcity of data on SCA-associated PH, and it receives little or no attention in regular patient care. In the early stages, pulmonary hypertension is usually asymptomatic, but it can cause dyspnea on exertion, hypoxemia, progressive worsening of pulmonary function tests (PFTs), and right heart failure if it is severe. The goal of this study was to assess the prevalence of PH in a group of adult SCA patients, as well as the risk variables that could lead to an early diagnosis of the condition. A total of 76 clinically stable, hydroxyurea-naive patients took part in this cross-sectional investigation. We gathered information on the patient's socioeconomic status and medical history. Transthoracic echocardiography was used to measure Tricuspid Regurgitant Jet Velocity (TRV), while spirometry and pulse oximetry were used to assess lung function. Complete blood counts, free plasma haemoglobin, serum urea, and creatinine were among the other tests performed. On Doppler echocardiography, twenty-five (32.9%) of study participants had elevated TRV (2.5m/s), which was indicative of elevated pulmonary artery systolic pressure. There were significant associations between elevated TRV and steady-state haemoglobin (p 0.001), blood urea level (p = 0.030), chronic leg ulcers (p = 0.043), and oxygen saturation (p 0.001), suggesting that these may be identifiable and modifiable risk factors for selective echocardiography screening in a resource-limited setting.

Author (S) Details

Jane S. Afriyie-Mensah

Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, School of Medicine and Dentistry, College of Health Sciences University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana.

Yvonne A. Dei-Adomakoh

Department of Hematology, School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana.

Audrey Forson

Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, School of Medicine and Dentistry, College of Health Sciences University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana.

Martin Adadey

Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, School of Medicine and Dentistry, College of Health Sciences University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana.

Thomas A. Ndanu

Department of Community and Preventive Dentistry, School of Medicine and Dentistry, College of Health Sciences University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana.

Joseph K. Acquaye

Department of Hematology, School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/RDMMR-V5/article/view/4189

Advanced Studies on Mathematical Modeling of Sickle Cell Anaemia in Nigeria with Cartesian Product of Sets and Relation | Chapter 6 | Theory and Practice of Mathematics and Computer Science Vol. 4

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is the world's most prevalent monogenetic disease and its greatest burden in Sub-Saharan Africa, especially Nigeria. Due to the risk it presents to the partners, the offspring and indeed the community at large, genotype testing before contracting marriages has become very imperative. The Cartesian product of sets and relationships on sets was used in this work to demonstrate how sickle cell anaemia can easily spread rapidly if steps are not taken. Finally, on how to resolve the danger, we gave suggestions. The research indicates a substantial likelihood that a severe sickle cell disorder is displayed by offspring from parents who are heterozygous carriers of recessive allele haemoglobin' S.' Therefore, the best choice to reduce the incidence of the disease in Nigeria and other nations of the world remains for couples undergoing genotype tests before marriage, as no pharmacological treatment has been able to fully suppress the adverse outcomes of sickle cell disease or introduce a normal gene to completely replace the effect of the abnormal sickle gene, while extreme.

Author(s) Details

S. H. Tsok
Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Plateau State University, Bokkos, P.M.B.2014, Bokkos, Plateau State, Nigeria.

Prof. I. B. Meshelia
Department of Mathematics, School of Science and Science Education, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, P.M.B. 0248, Bauchi, Nigeria.

R. D. Datiri
Department of Science Education, University of Jos, Nigeria.

View Book :- https://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/339

L-Arginine as a Dietary Supplement and Its Role in Management of Sickle Cell Anaemia and Ischemia | Chapter 2 | Current Research in Agricultural and Food Science Vol.1

Now a day’s problem in health has become more common. So, instead of curing them, prevention
through dietary supplements has proven to be useful. In the case of patients who have already
developed the disease at least relieving pain and suffer is a challenging thing. Arginine reduces the
pain associated by synthesizing NO and causing vasodila-tion of blood vessels in sickle cell anaemia.
Ornithine is converted to citrulline and finally to arginine through certain metabolic reactions like
transamination. Arginine through NO regulates the endothelium of blood vessels and protects against
trauma and ischemia. Arginine supplementation along with antioxidants proved to be useful due to
additional protection offered during ischemia.

Author(s) Details

Eswari Beeram
Sree Vidyanikethan Degree College, Rangampet, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India.

B. J. Divya
Sri Venkateswara University, Andhra Pradesh, India

C. Pallavi
Sri Venkateswara University, Andhra Pradesh, India.

View Book :- http://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/221

Research on Musculoskeletal Complications of Sickle Cell Anaemia and Their Management Approaches in Makurdi, Nigeria | Chapter 15 | Emerging Research in Medical Sciences Vol. 4

Background: Musculoskeletal complications are responsible for up to 80% of indications for presentation to the hospital by sicklers during their life time. It is important to know when to expect the complications and the treatment options available. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted involving all sickle cell anaemia patients treated between June 2012 and May 2017 at Benue State University Teaching Hospital (BSUTH), Makurdi, Nigeria. The data collected included age, sex, complications, anatomic site, stage of disease and treatment. Data obtained were analyzed using the software Statistical Package for Social Sciences for Windows version 15.0 (SPSS, Inc; Chicago, Illinois) and presented as frequencies (%) and mean values (SD) as appropriate, P < 0.05 was taken as statistically significant. Results: Thirty one out of 85 sicklers presented with 53 musculoskeletal complications giving a prevalence rate of 36.4%.There were 18 males and 13 females with mean age of 14.2±1.03 years. Those ≤ 20 years had more complications than those 21 years and above, P=0.0001. The femur was involved in 20(37.7%) and avascular necrosis 17(20.1%) was the most common complication followed by septic arthritis 13(15.3%) and chronic osteomyelitis 8(9.4%). The mean Haemoglobin concentration 7.5±0.5 mg/dl of the patients with AVN was higher than those without it, P=0.02. Conservative treatment was employed in treatment of 40(75.7%) of the complications while others had arthrotomies and arthroplasties. Conclusion: Avascular necrosis, osteomyelitis and septic arthritis are the most common orthopaedic complication among sicklers in Makurdi. They occur predominantly in the younger age group and many are amenable to conservative treatment.

Author (s) Details
Dr. Williams T. Yongu 
Department of Surgery, College of Health Sciences, Benue State University, Makurdi, Nigeria.

Dr. Itodo C. Elachi 
Department of Surgery, College of Health Sciences, Benue State University, Makurdi, Nigeria.

Dr. Daniel D. Mue
 Department of Surgery, College of Health Sciences, Benue State University, Makurdi, Nigeria.

Dr. Joseph N. Kortor 
Department of Surgery, College of Health Sciences, Benue State University, Makurdi, Nigeria.

Dr. Joseph Orkuma 
Department of Hematology, College of Health Sciences, Benue State University, Makurdi, Nigeria.

Dr. M. Ochoga 
Department of Paediatrics, College of Health Sciences, Benue State University, Makurdi, Nigeria.

View Book: - http://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/167