Establishing Valid Blood Donor Hematology Standards in Nigeria: Addressing Discrepancies from U.S. Guideline | Chapter 10 | Advancement and New Understanding in Medical Science Vol. 2

Background: Blood transfusion is a lifesaving process and therapy which is required for a wide range of health conditions such as severe anaemia, severe trauma, obstetric complications in pregnancy or parturition and surgical procedures. Adequate selection of a prospective whole blood donor protects his health and safety of the recipient.

Objectives: The main objective of this study was to determine the haematology parameters of apparently healthy prospective whole blood donors.

Participants and Methods: This prospective hospital based study was carried out from August to October 2020 at the blood transfusion unit of the Lagos State University Teaching Hospital (LASUTH), Ikeja, Nigeria. A structured pretested questionnaire was used for data collection. The socio demographic status and the haematology parameters of apparently healthy prospective whole blood donors who tested negative for HIV, hepatitis B and C markers were captured. Obtained data were analysed with the statistical package for the social scientist software version 20.

Results: One hundred male (97.1%) and three female (2.9%) apparently healthy prospective whole blood donors were studied. The median age of study subjects was 30 years. Obtained median haematology parameter values were 13 g/dl, 40%, 4.9/nl and 203.9/nl for haemoglobin concentration, haematocrit, total white cell and platelet counts respectively. The median values for the mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) of participants were 32.6 g/dl, 27.7 pg and 85.7 fl respectively. Observed prevalence of subnormal haematology parameters for haemoglobin concentration, total white cells, platelets were 12.6%, 25.2%, and 13.6% respectively. Also sub- normal values for MCHC, MCH, MCV were 11.7%, 26.2%, and 16.5% respectively among prospective whole blood donors in this study. No higher than normal haematology parameter values were observed. Median values for erythrocyte sedimentation rate was 8.4 mm/hr. The predominance of the younger people in the blood donor pool may be explained by the fact that the youth have a better knowledge about blood donation, through being vast in digital technology.

Conclusion: A significant percentage of apparently healthy prospective whole blood donors had sub- normal haematology parameters values. Obtained normal values in our study are comparable with local reference range reports from previous studies in Nigeria and other parts of Africa. A health education and awareness pro- gram about the harmless nature of blood donation exercises for the females is critical and should be encouraged and emphasized.

Author(s) Details:

Taiwo Modupe Balogun,
Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, Igbinedion University, Okada, Nigeria and Blood Donor Clinic, Blood Transfusion Services Centre, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja, Nigeria.

Kingsley Aile,
Blood Donor Clinic, Blood Transfusion Services Centre, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja, Nigeria.

Athanasius Chika Nnamani,
Blood Donor Clinic, Blood Transfusion Services Centre, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja, Nigeria.

Olayinka Saidat Kareem,
Blood Donor Clinic, Blood Transfusion Services Centre, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja, Nigeria.

Adenekan Salu,
Blood Donor Clinic, Blood Transfusion Services Centre, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja, Nigeria.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ANUMS-V2/article/view/13116

Hoyle’s Critique of Neo-Darwinian Theory and the Impact of Heavy-Tailed Distributions | Chapter 15 | New Visions in Biological Science Vol. 2

Because of mathematical and statistical flaws, physicist and astronomer Fred Hoyle has consistently denounced Neo-Darwinism as a defective theory. Even though he did not support creationists or other opponents of the idea, his comments have been utilised by them. Hoyle's critique of one part of Neo-Darwinism is examined in this paper to see if it has any merits. The conclusion is that, while Hoyle's mathematics are immaculate, and thus his critique based on them is valid, he did not go far enough with his argument, notably failing to address huge fluctuations in selected value. This could be owing to his notion that such deviations would be extremely rare, based on the assumption that they would follow a normal distribution. If a heavy-tailed distribution is used, however, such changes are possible. As a result, huge jumps in evolution's early phases may have occurred, albeit infrequently, to help it progress. The goal of this research is to assess the significance of Hoyle's findings and how they are influenced by current knowledge of heavy-tailed distributions.

Author (S) Details

Thomas B. Fowler
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering George Mason University, 4400 University Drive Fairfax, VA 22030, USA.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/NVBS-V2/article/view/3721

An Algorithm for Controlling the Genetic-breeding Improvement of Economically Valuable Traits of Self-pollinated Plants| Chapter 6 | Recent Progress in Plant and Soil Research Vol. 2

 Fundamentally innovative techniques to solving challenges of parental pair (varieties) selection for crossing and anticipating the ecological-genetic image of a future new variety are considered. The suggested method for regulating the breeding process is based on mathematical models of the genotypeenvironment interaction and consists of sequentially selecting alternatives for complimentary ecological and genetic portraits of possible parents and predicting the eventual offspring.quantitative qualities in breeding In this scenario, the alternatives are chosen to ensure that the projected and specified breeding qualities are as close as possible. In the presence of controllable environmental factors, such a choice is complemented by environmental parameter optimization, which ensures the maximum use of the parents' ecological and genetic potential and, as a result, an increase in the reliability of genotype identification by phenotypes of offspring.

Author (s) Details

Dr. I. M. Mikhailenko
Lab of Infornatic-measuring Systems, Agrophysical Institute of RAAS, Saint-Petersburg, 195220, Grazhdansky Prospect 14, Russia.

V. A. Dragavtsev
Plant Ecologic Physiology Lab, Agrophysical Institute of RAAS, Saint-Petersburg, 195220, Grazhdansky Prospect 14, Russia



View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/RPPSR-V2/article/view/2667

Integrated Plant Breeding Strategies for Harmony between Modern Agriculture Production and the Environment | Chapter 1 | Cutting-edge Research in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 3

 

The greatest problem for 2050, where the world population is estimated at 9.2 billion, is generating ample food that is healthy and nutritious. The overall food production would have to increase by 50 percent to 60 percent to feed these people. Climate models forecast that warmer temperatures and changes in drought frequency and length will have a negative effect on crop growth and productivity over the next few decades. An integrated agricultural and breeding agenda is needed for these new global challenges. It is important to intensify agro-ecosystems' sustainability by generating more food with lower inputs, adapting agriculture to climate change, maintaining biodiversity through its use, and making markets work for smallholder farmers in order to tackle the key current issues. In the successful growth of modern agriculture, plant breeding has played a crucial role. To resolve the complexity of the combined impacts of issues such as population development, food security , food safety and human security, We need to rethink the role of diversity in plant breeding in the preservation of biological diversity for health. The secret to cultivating climate-resilient, nutritious and profitable crops is the continuous availability of high-quality crop germplasm. Global efforts are under way to establish breeding populations, including wild and weedy relatives, through the exploitation of exotic germplasm. Advances in genomics, phenomics and bio-informatic tools have led to many knowledge-intensive methods being implemented to accelerate genetic gains in various food crops. The breeding method to be used is determined by trait heritability, gene action, the number of genes regulating the target trait(s), heterosis and genotype-environment interactions. The foundation of crop development techniques will remain traditional plant breeding. Genetic engineering has the ability to overcome some of the most complicated biotic limitations faced by farmers, which are not Via traditional plant breeding alone, easily handled. To remove coverage so broad that it stifles creativity, security measures and regulations, in particular patenting, must be moderated. In order to facilitate science and the free flow of materials and information, they must be made less restrictive. Through data and code sharing, an open source software system has the potential to increase breeding performance, while open source seed systems should allow continued seed saving, breeding, and seed exchange without restriction. In order to bring "harmony" between agriculture and the environment, plant breeding can be a powerful tool, but collaborations and collaboration are needed to make this a reality.

Author (s) Details

João Carlos da Silva Dias,
University of Lisbon, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal.

View Book :- https://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/274

Development in Oncological Hyperthermia | Chapter 11 | New Insights into Physical Science Vol. 1

Hyperthermia was the very first oncotherapy in human medicine, but its applicability in modern oncology was dubious. The discovery of electromagnetism gave new hope a century ago, however, until up to now, it has been suffering from lack of wide acceptance. Oncological hyperthermia suffers from multiple unsolved medical and technical problems. The accurate selection of malignant tissue and its proper heating in depth are real challenges together with the control and repeatability of the treatments. However, the center of the problems is not technical: the living system tries to keep its homeostatic equilibrium and creates active feedback mechanisms to eliminate or at least correct the constrain heating in depth. The proper reaction on the “gage of battle” has to involve the physiology, handle it complexly together with bio-electromagnetism and update connected technology. The solution has to be the integration of the natural bio-effects into the technological constrains, acting in synergy with the physiological feedback mechanisms, and without forcing effects out of the homeostatic control. The solution lies in strict selection and adequate action in nanoscopic range, without exciting the robust transport-mechanisms to operate against the energy delivery to the tumor. Together with the local optimization, the systemic effects have to be considered, because malignancy is not a local disease. This concept needs interactions with the immune-system being effective on the disseminated cell in far distance too. Our objective is to present a complex technical solution to this complex problem. 

Author(s)  Details

Dr. Oliver Szasz,
Department of Biotechnics, Szent István University, Gödöllő, Hungary.  

View Book : - http://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/193