The greatest problem for 2050, where the
world population is estimated at 9.2 billion, is generating ample food that is
healthy and nutritious. The overall food production would have to increase by
50 percent to 60 percent to feed these people. Climate models forecast that
warmer temperatures and changes in drought frequency and length will have a
negative effect on crop growth and productivity over the next few decades. An
integrated agricultural and breeding agenda is needed for these new global
challenges. It is important to intensify agro-ecosystems' sustainability by
generating more food with lower inputs, adapting agriculture to climate change,
maintaining biodiversity through its use, and making markets work for
smallholder farmers in order to tackle the key current issues. In the
successful growth of modern agriculture, plant breeding has played a crucial
role. To resolve the complexity of the combined impacts of issues such as
population development, food security , food safety and human security, We need
to rethink the role of diversity in plant breeding in the preservation of
biological diversity for health. The secret to cultivating climate-resilient,
nutritious and profitable crops is the continuous availability of high-quality
crop germplasm. Global efforts are under way to establish breeding populations,
including wild and weedy relatives, through the exploitation of exotic
germplasm. Advances in genomics, phenomics and bio-informatic tools have led to
many knowledge-intensive methods being implemented to accelerate genetic gains
in various food crops. The breeding method to be used is determined by trait
heritability, gene action, the number of genes regulating the target trait(s),
heterosis and genotype-environment interactions. The foundation of crop
development techniques will remain traditional plant breeding. Genetic
engineering has the ability to overcome some of the most complicated biotic
limitations faced by farmers, which are not Via traditional plant breeding
alone, easily handled. To remove coverage so broad that it stifles creativity,
security measures and regulations, in particular patenting, must be moderated.
In order to facilitate science and the free flow of materials and information,
they must be made less restrictive. Through data and code sharing, an open
source software system has the potential to increase breeding performance,
while open source seed systems should allow continued seed saving, breeding,
and seed exchange without restriction. In order to bring "harmony"
between agriculture and the environment, plant breeding can be a powerful tool,
but collaborations and collaboration are needed to make this a reality.
Author (s) Details
João
Carlos da Silva Dias,
University of Lisbon, Instituto Superior de
Agronomia, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal.
View Book :- https://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/274
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