Advances in Breeding of Cotton (Gossypium spp.): Bridging Traditional Methods and Biotechnological Advances | Chapter 5 | Food Science and Agriculture: Research Highlights Vol. 3

 

Cotton (Gossypium spp.) plays an important role in the global economy, mainly in agriculture and the textile industry. With rising global demand for cotton, there is an urgent need to improve yields, enhance fibre quality, and address challenges posed by resource scarcity and climate change. This chapter includes the recent developments in cotton breeding, mainly on the improvement in yield, quality of the fibre and ability of the plant to withstand various biotic and abiotic stresses. It also discusses the origin and significance of cotton, as well as its floral biology, branching patterns, and modes of pollination. In breeding objectives, it includes improving productivity, enhancing resistance to pests and diseases, and adaptability to climate change. This study discusses the conventional breeding methods, such as selection, hybridization, and mutation, as well as modern tools including genome editing (CRISPR/Cas9), marker-assisted selection (MAS), speed breeding, and the use of genetically modified crops like Bt cotton. As a sustainable solution, the development of biofortified varieties, high density planting (HDP), ratoon cropping, genome editing and Bt cotton are gaining popularity in the world. It also discusses the integration of cutting-edge technologies such as GPS (Global Positioning System), GIS (Geographic Information System), remote sensing for precision farming and decision support systems. Together, these developments pave the way for the next generation of cotton cultivars that are resource-efficient and environmentally sustainable. Overall, the chapter emphasizes the integration of conventional breeding methods with the advanced technologies to develop cotton varieties, which are highly productive, environment friendly, climate resilient and help farmers and the textile industries to meet their future demands.

 

Author(s) Details

Meghali Kutum
Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, Assam, India.

 

Kumar Aryan
Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, Assam, India.

Bhaswati Saikia
Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, Assam, India.

 

M. Baruah
Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, Assam, India.

 

P.K. Goswami
Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, Assam, India.

 

G C Bora
Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, Assam, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/fsarh/v3/5900

Advances in Breeding of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) | Chapter 7 | Food Science and Agriculture: Research Highlights Vol. 2

Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is a globally important oilseed crop, valued for its nutritional richness, high oil and protein content, role in food security and is an agronomically and economically important crop. The declining trend in cultivated areas under groundnut in India, over the years, brings to light the urgent need for the development of improved varieties, such as climate-resilient and high-yielding varieties, to restore farmers’ interest in its production and ensure sustainable yield. Therefore, setting clear and targeted breeding objectives is important for developing improved groundnut varieties encompassing desirable traits such as high yield, superior oil and nutritional quality, resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses and agronomic suitability. Traditional breeding methods such as introduction, pureline / mass selection, cross hybridisation, backcrossing, pedigree selection and line breeding, remain fundamental in groundnut improvement for the development of elite lines. Though traditional breeding methods have significantly contributed to groundnut improvement, these methods are time-consuming and labour-intensive. Breeding advances in groundnut, such as advancements in molecular breeding, have enabled targeted improvement of groundnut varieties by developing high-yielding, stress-resilient and nutritionally superior cultivars, thereby contributing to food security and the economic well-being of farmers. Integrating advanced breeding technologies with traditional methods is important for accelerating the breeding cycle and ultimately for faster development of improved varieties. The various advanced breeding methods in groundnut include Marker-Assisted Selection (MAS), Genomic Selection (GS), Genetic Engineering, Genome Editing, Speed Breeding, High-Throughput Phenotyping, Double Haploid production, Bioinformatics and Data Integration. Though modern breeding tools offer immense potential for sustainable groundnut improvement, their responsible use requires addressing environmental, ethical and regulatory concerns to ensure benefits for farmers, consumers and the ecosystem.

 

Author (s) Details

Bhaswati Saikia
Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat – 785 013, India.

 

Meghali Kutum
Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat – 785 013, India.

 

Kumar Aryan
Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat – 785 013, India.

 

P K Goswami
Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat – 785 013, India.

 

G C Bora
Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat – 785 013, India.

 

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/fsarh/v2/5661

Identification of Novel Genetic Markers Based on DNA Polymorphisms and Their Application in Animal Production | Chapter 6 | Research Advances in Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol. 7

 This study offers proficient methods for locating new and unoriginal markers based on DNA polymorphisms. In up-to-date medical research, genetic gravestones are a helpful form for predicting disease risk and drug response. They can be secondhand in animal research for diseases evaluation, grammatical rules applying to nouns that connote sex or animateness determination, species labeling, and marker-assisted option. Numerous unique genetic gravestones in candidate genes have been found by combining DNA microarray electronics and SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) genotyping. In comparison to normal breeding techniques, these gravestones have additional benefits since they can be used to accurately select animals and to fast boost reproductive performance. The inspection of DNA polymorphisms employed modified haphazard amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) or chance amplified microsatellite variety (RAMPO) fingerprinting, and the outcomes showed that creative and stable markers grant permission be used for identifying variety and determining the gender of mammals.

Author(s) Details:

Hsiu-Lin Huang,
Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, Taichung 402, Taiwan.

I-Yen Huang,
Ugintech Co. Ltd., 5F-5, No. 282, Zhishi North 2nd Road, Taichung 407, Taiwan.

Chia-Yu Lin,
Johnson Chemical Pharmaceutical Works Co. Ltd., No. 77, Sec. 4, Sanhe Road, Sanchong Dist., New Taipei City 241, Taiwan.

Mu-Chiou Huang,
Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, Taichung 402, Taiwan.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RAMB-V7/article/view/12176

Guidelines and Priorities for Breeding and Sustainable Production of Vegetable Cultivars | Chapter 4 | Cutting-edge Research in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 5

Vegetables are essential ingredients in a healthy diet that is well balanced. Their rising consumption worldwide shows the recognition of their health benefits. Globally, the production and marketing of vegetable crops is rapidly evolving. This is mainly attributable to the increasing consumer demand for safe and nutritious vegetables, and to the growing size and effect of supermarket chains. Through testing, breeding and creativity, horticultural science will respond to many of these challenges, seeking to obtain more effective crop production methods, refined post-harvest storage and handling methods, new and higher value vegetable cultivars, and to demonstrate their health benefits.

Plant breeding requires dedicated expertise and infrastructure, plus substantial and reliable funding, and is a long-term endeavour. A core part of modern horticulture that combines seed development, genetic improvement, seed production, storage, and distribution is the high-tech seed industry. The global vegetable seed trade is dominated by a few multinational companies. The needs of both the customer and the producer have to be met and fulfilled by vegetable breeding. Plant breeding provides the means to introduce tolerance to host plants, to adapt crops to stressful conditions, and to grow cultivars with the desired quality of produce. Vegetable breeding advancement depends on specific expertise, emerging technology creation and implementation, access to genetic resources, and the capital to use them. Acquiring or rising market share is the driving force behind this innovation. For the production of new vegetable cultivars, access to technology as well as biodiversity is important. To prevent a potential conflict involving the rights of breeders, gene preservation and degradation, active and constructive relations between the private and public breeding sectors and large-scale gene banks are needed.
In order to breed vegetables for multifunctional horticulture (diversity, health promotion, post-harvest, year-round supply, etc.) and to cope with harsher climate conditions and lower inputs than expected, horticulturalists will need to grow cultural practises and vegetable breeders. Improved systems of production that can cope with severe climatic conditions must allow the production of vegetables under high temperatures, higher drought stress, increased salinity of the soil and intermittent flooding. This will require a blend of improved cultivars of vegetables and modified systems of production.

Author (s) Details

Prof. João Carlos da Silva Dias
Instituto Superior de Agronomia, University of Lisbon, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal.

View Book :- https://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/362

Mapping and Map-based Cloning of QTL Conferring Durable Resistance to Rice Blast towards Rice Breeding Strategy | Chapter 4 | Current Research Trends in Biological Science Vol.4

 

Rice blast caused by Pyricularia oryzae (syn. Magnaporthe oryzae) is a destructive disease of rice
worldwide that poses a serious threat to rice production. Strengthening blast resistance is an important objective in rice breeding programs. Race-specific resistance genes (R-genes) confer complete resistance to blast, but new races of blast pathogen can overcome it. To avoid the genetic vulnerability of R-genes, race-nonspecific resistance in Japanese upland rice varieties has been focused on its durability. However, linkage drag between genes controlling this type of blast resistance and undesired traits has hindered its use. We genetically dissected race-nonspecific resistance to rice blast. Among detected QTLs, a single recessive resistance gene, pi21, was identified by map-based cloning. The use of race-nonspecific resistance genes like pi21 has improved durable resistance in rice breeding programs.

Author (s) Details

Kazutoshi Okuno
Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan and Kayada 2069-6, Yachiyo, Chiba 276-0043, Japan.

Shuichi Fukuoka
National Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture Research Organization, 2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8518, Japan.

View Book :- http://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/268