Involvement of Hepatic SHIP2 and PI3K/Akt Signalling in the Regulation of Plasma Insulin by Xiaoyaosan in Chronic Immobilization-Stressed Rats | Chapter 4 | Insights into the Prevention and Treatment of Depression with Famous TCM Prescription Xiaoyaosan

 Background: Long-term exposure to chronic stress is thought to be a factor closely correlated with the development of metabolic disorders, such as diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome. Xiaoyaosan, a Chinese herbal formula, has been described in many previous studies to exert anxiolytic-like or antidepressant effects in chronically stressed rats. However, few studies have observed the effects of Xiaoyaosan on the metabolic disorders induced by chronic stress. Objective: We sought to investigate the effective regulation of Xiaoyaosan on 21-day chronic immobility stress (CIS, which is 3 h of restraint immobilization every day)-induced behavioural performance and metabolic responses and to further explore whether the effects of Xiaoyaosan were related to SHIP2 expression in the liver. Methods: Sixty male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into a control group, a CIS group, a Xiaoyaosan group and a rosiglitazone group. The latter three groups were subjected to 21 days of CIS to generate the stress model. After 21 days of CIS, the effects of Xiaoyaosan on body weight, food intake, and behaviour in the open field test, the sucrose preference test and the forced swimming test were observed following chronic stress. Plasma insulin, cholesterol (CHOL), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C) concentrations and blood glucose were examined, and the protein and mRNA expression levels of SHIP2, p85 and Akt in the liver were measured using RT-qPCR and immunohistochemical staining. Results: Rats exposed to CIS exhibited depression-like, decreased levels of plasma insulin, CHOL, LDL-C, TG and HDL-C, and increased blood glucose. Increased SHIP2 expression and reduced Akt, p-Akt and p85 expression were also observed in the liver. Xiaoyaosan exerted antidepressant effects and effectively reversed the changes caused by CIS. Conclusions: These results suggest that Xiaoyaosan attenuates depression-like behaviours and ameliorates stress-induced abnormal levels of insulin, blood glucose, CHOL, LDL-C and HDL-C in the plasma of stressed rats, which may be associated with the regulation of SHIP2 expression to enhance PI3K/Akt signalling activity in the liver.

Author(s) Details:

Qiuxia Pan,
School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11 North Third Ring Road Chaoyang District, Beijing-100029, China and Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medicine Science, Beijing-100700, China.

Jiajia Wu,
School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11 North Third Ring Road Chaoyang District, Beijing-100029, China.

Yueyun Liu,
School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11 North Third Ring Road Chaoyang District, Beijing-100029, China.

Xiaojuan Li,
Formula-pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou-510632, Guangdong, China.

Jiaxu Chen,
School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11 North Third Ring Road Chaoyang District, Beijing-100029, China and Formula-pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou-510632, Guangdong, China.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/IPTDFTPX/article/view/11265

More Reliable Approach than Blood Glucose Value is Needed in Assessment of Cell Metabolism | Chapter 3 | Current Overview on Disease and Health Research Vol. 2

 

We looked examined how diverse medical situations affected blood glucose levels and metabolic states. Clinical recommendations indicate the primary therapy objective for diabetes mellitus to be near-normoglycaemia. According to this hypothesis, euglycemia and eumetabolism go hand in hand, while hyperglycemia is a sign of dysmetabolism. The blood glucose levels may only be regarded as a broad metabolic indicator with clear limits, the scientists conclude. The primary ideas of this claim are that acute hyperglycemia does not always result in dysmetabolism and that euglycemia is not always accompanied with eumetabolism. When blood glucose levels are the same, several biochemical energy-producing systems can sustain the same cell metabolic function. Both a positive and negative metabolic balance of cell metabolism may take place at the same blood glucose level. Blood glucose levels that are normal or increased might be used to identify the acute stress state. This indicates that there is no necessary connection between the actual blood glucose value and the metabolic state, i.e., the increased metabolic activity is not represented by the concomitant often normal blood glucose tests. As a result, establishing near normoglycemia continues to be the major therapeutic objective in the treatment of diabetes. Another discovery is that persistent hyperglycemia serves as both a marker and a cause of dysmetabolism. The use of insulin may benefit dysmetabolic conditions that have a variety of causes. The importance of chronic stress is highlighted in regard to how different dysmetabolic states develop and interact with one another. The difference between blood glucose levels and cellular metabolism is supported by the transporter nature of blood glucose values, this value reflects

Author(s) Details:

Kornel Simon,
Department of Internal Medicine, County Hospital, Siofok, Hungary.

Istvan Wittmann,
Department of Medicine and Nephrological Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CODHR-V2/article/view/7742   

Research on Surgery and Chronic Stress Ultimately Leading to Major Health Risks | Chapter 9 | Research Trends and Challenges in Medical Science Vol. 10

 This article discusses how surgery, regardless of age or organ, can become a major health issue. In general, about 50-60% of surgical patients experience mild/moderate/severe psychobiological illness in the future for a long time due to a concern that he/she (1:3) has lost a part of his body within an unhealed or prolonged healing phase. As a result, certain neuropsychiatric symptoms like anxiety, pain, emotion, and depression progressively become a part of their everyday lives, ultimately leading to chronic stress (about 10%) and significant health risks in the 4-6 years following surgery. Chronic stress is mostly caused by a poor socioeconomic situation and the effects of surgery.

Author (s) Details

Tarit Kanti Ghosh
Internal Medicine & Neurology, Clinical Neurology, University College of London UK and Research Clinical Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Australia

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/RTCMS-V10/article/view/712