Feeding Deterrence Activity of Momordica cymbalaria Fenzl ex Hook Leaf, Fruit Skin, Seed and Tuber Extract against Spodoptera litura Fabricius | Chapter 1 | Research Perspective on Biological Science Vol. 2

Spodoptera litura Fab. (Beet armyworm; Tobacco cutworm), a devastating polyphagous pest known to cause cent percent yield loss under outbreak conditions, is regularly managed using chemical insecticides and has developed multi-pronged resistance. Plant secondary metabolites exhibit a wide range of biological activity and may act as feeding and oviposition deterrents, repellents, fumigants, and behavior modifiers. Fruits and tubers of Momordica cymbalaria Hook (Fenzl.) possess anti-ovulatory and abortifacient properties that could be exploited in the management of insect pests. Hence, the feeding deterrent activity of M. cymbalaria leaf, peel (fruit skin), seed, and tuber solvent extract against Spodoptera litura Fabr. was studied. The present study was carried out from 2019 to 2022 in the Phyto-insecticide Laboratory, Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamil Nadu, India. Different concentrations of acetone extract of leaf from 0.3% to 0.8% performed better in deterring S. litura larval feeding. Peel acetone extract showed a strong feeding deterrence (94.83% leaf area protection over the absolute control) at 0.9% concentration, followed by medium deterrence at 0.8, 0.7, and 0.6% concentrations (85.62, 77.90, and 67.08 % protection, respectively). The hexane seed extract was comparatively oilier and had a distinct rancid smell noticeable in the higher concentrations (0.8, 0.9, and 1%). Tubers did not exhibit any significant leaf area protection below 0.2% concentration. However, 1% tuber acetone extract showed 99.36 percent protection. The effective concentrations of leaf acetone extract for 50 and 95% deterrence were 0.27 and 0.84 percent, respectively. The effective concentrations of other plant parts were ranked as follows: Seeds>Peels>Tubers. Therefore, it is stated that M. cymbalaria possesses very effective feeding deterrence activity against the common cutworm S. litura.

 

Author (s) Details

YOGAPRIYA ADAIKKAN
Phyto Insecticide Laboratory, Department of Entomology, Annamalai University, India.

 

SELVAMUTHUKUMARAN THIRUNAVUKKARASUA
Phyto Insecticide Laboratory, Department of Entomology, Annamalai University, India.

 

Please see the book here https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rpbs/v2/4763

Production of Sustainable Materials from Lemon Bio-waste Using Circular Economy | Chapter 1 | Chemistry and Biochemistry: Research Progress Vol. 3

The scientific community seeks to develop processes that allow the selection of chemical substances before they are released into the environment. Therefore, this research contributes to the field of sustainable materials by exploring new properties that can prevent them from becoming problems linked to man and his habitat. Thus, in this work, citrus fruits are used that are not suitable for human consumption, nor for sale in the fruit market or for secondary employment industries such as, for example, feeding livestock. In particular, research will be done on lemon, which is consumed for its flavor and low cost, but its acidity makes it less appetizing. The extraction of the juice generates by-products, which are mostly discarded in landfills. Additionally, it produces gases and liquids that generate a greenhouse effect in the different regions where it is grown. In this work, the research is carried out with the different parts of the lemon: juice, peel and ethanolic extract. The solids obtained were characterized with different techniques and compared with pure silica, synthesized by the sol-gel method, to contrast the morphology of acid hydrolysis with lemon. In general terms, the proposed objectives have been achieved, since the materials were synthesized through a simple and rapid method that allowed their inclusion in oxidic matrices. The principles of the Circular Economy were applied, which has been gaining ground today in the industrial and commercial field, understood as a Fourth Revolution.

 

Author (s) Details

Patricia Vázquez
Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencias Aplicadas “Dr. Jorge J. Ronco” CINDECA, (CONICET-CIC-UNLP), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/cbrp/v3/4286