Synthesis and Applications of Conductive Polyaniline Rice Husk Ash Silica Nanocomposites: A Comprehensive Review | Chapter 9 | Chemistry and Biochemistry: Research Progress Vol. 4

Recently, the development of Nanotechnology, Nanoscience and Nanomaterial have received more attention following its optical, mechanical, electrical and chemical properties. Nanostructures have a prominent place in Nanotechnology since more space can be used in different applications. In the past decades, a class of conductive polymers became famous because of their mechanical and electrical properties. Polyaniline is a conductive polymer popularly known as an environmentally stable and highly adjustable polymer given in an application form of powder, membranes or loose fibres. Low-cost polyolefin and large-scale production are widely used in broad applications. Rice Husk Ash (RHA) is the by-product of the rice mill industry considered as waste material. Many types of research focused on RHA target the highly contained silicate to be converted to silica after Rice Husk (RH) pyrolysis undertaken in a furnace with a temperature of (800˚C). The sol-gel technique offered a simple route in producing silica from RHA, where 3- (chloropropyl) triethoxyscilane (CPTES) is used to convert the RHA into high-quality silica. Polyaniline/Rice Husk Ash Silica Nanocomposite (PANI/RHACCl (SiO2)NCs) are prepared via chemical oxidative polymerization and can be used in various applications such as supercapacitors, pseudocapacitors, coatings, metal absorption, chemicals, encapsulation of light-emitting organs, proton exchange membrane, diffusion membrane, devices Sensor, Nanoelectronic flexible devices, as well as drug delivery. Results have shown that PANI encapsulates SiO₂ Nanoparticles with a very powerful impact on Nanocomposite morphology.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Salim Oudah Mezan
Ministry of Education, Open Educational College, Studies Muthanna Centre, Republic of Iraq and Optical Department, College of Health and Medical Technology, Al-Ayen Iraqi University, Thi-Qar, Iraq.

 

Kasim Mohammed Hello
Al-Muthanna University, Ministry of Higher Education, Iraq.

 

Abdullah Hasan Jabbar
Optical Department, College of Health and Medical Technology, Al-Ayen Iraqi University, Thi-Qar, Iraq.

 

Anwar Khairi Abe
General Directorate of Education, Al-Muthanna Governorate, Ministry of Education, Iraq.

 

Maytham Qabel Hamzah
General Directorate of Education, Al-Muthanna Governorate, Ministry of Education, Iraq.

 

Alaa Nihad Tuama
Department of Physics, College of Education for Pure Sciences, University of Babylon, Iraq.

 

M.S. Roslan
Department of Physics and Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences and Technology, University Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM), Pagoh 84600, Malaysia.

 

Mohd Arif Agam
Department of Physics and Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences and Technology, University Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM), Pagoh 84600, Malaysia.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/cbrp/v4/4169

Production of Sustainable Materials from Lemon Bio-waste Using Circular Economy | Chapter 1 | Chemistry and Biochemistry: Research Progress Vol. 3

The scientific community seeks to develop processes that allow the selection of chemical substances before they are released into the environment. Therefore, this research contributes to the field of sustainable materials by exploring new properties that can prevent them from becoming problems linked to man and his habitat. Thus, in this work, citrus fruits are used that are not suitable for human consumption, nor for sale in the fruit market or for secondary employment industries such as, for example, feeding livestock. In particular, research will be done on lemon, which is consumed for its flavor and low cost, but its acidity makes it less appetizing. The extraction of the juice generates by-products, which are mostly discarded in landfills. Additionally, it produces gases and liquids that generate a greenhouse effect in the different regions where it is grown. In this work, the research is carried out with the different parts of the lemon: juice, peel and ethanolic extract. The solids obtained were characterized with different techniques and compared with pure silica, synthesized by the sol-gel method, to contrast the morphology of acid hydrolysis with lemon. In general terms, the proposed objectives have been achieved, since the materials were synthesized through a simple and rapid method that allowed their inclusion in oxidic matrices. The principles of the Circular Economy were applied, which has been gaining ground today in the industrial and commercial field, understood as a Fourth Revolution.

 

Author (s) Details

Patricia Vázquez
Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencias Aplicadas “Dr. Jorge J. Ronco” CINDECA, (CONICET-CIC-UNLP), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/cbrp/v3/4286

Shifting Properties of Silica Reinforced Natural Rubber Based Truck Tire Tread Compounds by Small Amounts of Hybrid Fillers towards Better Overall Performance | Chapter 7 | Current Innovations in Chemical and Materials Sciences Vol. 5

Modern high-performance tire treads are presently commonly reinforced with silica as rubber fillers because they raise key tire performance criteria such as lower rolling resistance and higher wet grip compared to carbon black-filled rubber. The present work aims at a synergistic effect of silica with different additional fillers in order to shift tire performance with respect to wet grip and rolling resistance for safety and fuel savings, respectively towards a better abrasion resistance, all characterized by the dynamic mechanical properties of the vulcanized compounds. The use of small amounts of secondary fillers or hybrid fillers in silica-reinforced tire tread compounds has the potential to improve tire performance further. In the present work, two secondary fillers: organoclay nanofiller and N134 carbon black were added to silica-based natural rubber compounds at a proportion of silica/secondary filler of 45/10 phr. The compounds were prepared with variable mixing temperatures based on the procedure commonly used for silica-filled NR systems. The results of Mooney viscosity, Payne effect, cure behavior and mechanical properties imply that the silica hydrophobation and coupling reaction of the silane coupling agent between the silica and elastomer are significantly enhanced by organoclay due to an effect of its modifier: an organic ammonium derivative. This modifier has an effect on scorch safety and cure rate. The compounds where carbon black was added as a secondary filler do not show this improvement. They give inferior filler dispersion compared to the pure silica-filled compound, attributed to an inappropriate high mixing temperature and the large specific surface area of the carbon black used. The dynamic mechanical properties indicate that organoclay as a secondary filler has the potential to improve the wet traction and rolling resistance of a tire tread, while the use of carbon black in silica-filled NR does not change these properties.

Author(s) Details:

S. Sattayanurak,
Sustainable Elastomer Systems, Department of Mechanics of Solids, Surfaces & Systems, Faculty of Engineering Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands and Department of Rubber Technology and Polymer Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Prince of Songkla University, Pattani Campus, Thailand and Department of Rubber and Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Thaksin University, Phatthalung Campus, Thailand.

J. W. M. Noordermeer,
Noordermeer Rubber Consultancy, Nieuwstadt, The Netherlands.

K. Sahakaro,
Sustainable Elastomer Systems, Department of Mechanics of Solids, Surfaces & Systems, Faculty of Engineering Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands and Department of Rubber Technology and Polymer Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Prince of Songkla University, Pattani Campus, Thailand.

W. Kaewsakul,
Sustainable Elastomer Systems, Department of Mechanics of Solids, Surfaces & Systems, Faculty of Engineering Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands.

A. Blume,
Sustainable Elastomer Systems, Department of Mechanics of Solids, Surfaces & Systems, Faculty of Engineering Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands.

W. K. Dierkes,
Sustainable Elastomer Systems, Department of Mechanics of Solids, Surfaces & Systems, Faculty of Engineering Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CICMS-V5/article/view/13187

Determining the Effect of Natural Silica to Alleviate Salinity Stress of Tomatoes (Lycopersicum escullentum Mill.) on Entisol | Chapter 4 | Research Advances and Challenges in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 1

This phase primarily focuses on the effect of silica fertilizer (Si), seasoning stress and their interactions on the country characteristics of attractive woman plants on Entisol soil. High salinity leads to a decrease in plant development, biomass, yield, photosynthesis, and water use efficiency as salinity stress otherwise impacts the semantic, biochemical, and physiological processes of plants. Attractive woman is one of ultimate common and widely wasted vegetable crops in the realm. This research was conducted in ex-farm screen families, Agronomy and Gardening laboratories, and Soil Skill laboratories, Skill of Agriculture, Jenderal Soedinnan Academy from January 2020 to April 2020. The experiment employed factorial randomized complete block design (RCBD) wid1 2 determinants experiments that is level of conductivity, that is to say KO= 0 ds/m / pot, KI = 1 ds/m / marijuana, K2 = 2 ds/m/ pot, and K3 = 3 ds/m/marijuana, and doses of Si fertilizer, namely SO= 0 g/marijuana, SI = Sg/pot, S2 = 10 g/cauldron, and S3 = 15 g/pot. Skilled are 16 treatment blends with 3 replications, in total 48 exploratory unit were secondhand. The variables noticed were plant height, number of leaves, chlorophyll content, blooming age, 1 number of flowers, number offmits, fruit burden, and fruit book. Tomato blooms manifolded when Si fertilizer was used. Tomato plant altitude and weight were reduced by salinity stress. The quantity of leaves and blooms is affected by the merger of salt stress and silica manure (Si). The maximal number of leaves was at the dose of KCl 1 ds/m/plant and silica fertilizer 5 g/plant, while the capital number of flowers was at the dose of KCl 3 ds.lm.lplant and silica manure 10 g/plant. The application of Si manure causes the plant to maintain the number of flowers. Si used to plants has an effect on increasing the photosynthetic competency. This has a positive equivalence with progress rates such as the number of creative branches and the number of flowers.

Author(s) Details:

Kharisun,
Agriculture Faculty, University of Jenderal Soedirman, Central Java, Indonesia.

S. R. Suparto,
Agriculture Faculty, University of Jenderal Soedirman, Central Java, Indonesia.

R. Noorhidayah,
Agriculture Faculty, University of Jenderal Soedirman, Central Java, Indonesia.

C. M. Astuti,
Agriculture Faculty, University of Jenderal Soedirman, Central Java, Indonesia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RACAS-V1/article/view/12938

Study on Immobilization of Formate Dehydrogenase on Polyethyleneimine Modified Carriers for the Enhancement of Catalytic Performance | Chapter 01 | Challenges and Advances in Chemical Science Vol. 8

 CO2 hydrogenation is a significant application method for removing CO2 from the atmosphere while also producing high-value-added compounds. Polyethyleneimine (PEI) is a common modifier in CO2 adsorption, however it's rarely used in the immobilisation of enzymes that catalyse CO2 conversion. Formate dehydrogenase (FDH) was immobilised on the surface of PEI-modified polyethylene membranes or silica microspheres and employed in the CO2 to formate process in this research. Because of the carrier's boosting effect, the catalytic performance of immobilised FDH was 4.3 and 7.4 times that of free enzyme after optimising the immobilisation parameters. The activity and stability of FDH connected to polydopamine/PEI-SiO2 is higher than that of biocatalytic membrane.

Author(S) Details

Meng Ya Guo
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Liangxiang Higher Education Park, Fangshan District, Beijing 102488, P. R. China.

Ting Ting Zhai
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Liangxiang Higher Education Park, Fangshan District, Beijing 102488, P. R. China.

Cai Hong Wang
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Liangxiang Higher Education Park, Fangshan District, Beijing 102488, P. R. China.

Zi Hui Meng
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Liangxiang Higher Education Park, Fangshan District, Beijing 102488, P. R. China.

Wen Fang Liu
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Liangxiang Higher Education Park, Fangshan District, Beijing 102488, P. R. China.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/CACS-V8/article/view/5625

UV-Active Functionalized Silica Nanoparticles | Chapter 3 | Current Advances in Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol. 2

In many processes and applications, immobilization of active molecules through attachment to solid surfaces is a well-established procedure. As an aid to active molecules, silica micro- and nano-particles are attractive candidates due to a combination of favorable properties. The present study deals with the grafting of functional UV active molecules to silica surfaces using multivalent organosilicon spacers through hydrosilylation reactions. Different forms of dimethylsiloxysilane-based organosilicon precursors containing several SiH groups were used as spacers between the vinyl-modified silica surface and the UV-absorber benzotriazole (UVA). First, with the vinyltrimetoxsisilane coupling agent, the silica surface was modified. The UVA molecules were subsequently attached to the silica-vinyl through a two-step hydrosilylation reaction technique. Using various forms of multivalent organosilicon precursors that were used as spacers between the vinyl-modified silica surface and the UV-absorber, UV active molecules were successfully attached to the vinyl-modified silica surface. By FTIR, TGA and UV-Vis characterization, the successful grafting was verified. The multifunctional spacer MH30, which comprises approximately 75 SiH groups per molecule, showed a more than five-fold increase in UVA load compared to the four-functional spacer. In comparison, the linear spacer with the same functionality outperforms a branched, cumbersome six functional spacer. The UV behavior of functionalized silica was analyzed by UV-VIS spectroscopy, verifying that its UV absorbance properties were not altered by the immobilization of UVA on the silica surface.

Author (s) Details

Olga Iliashevsky
Department of Chemical Engineering, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 8410501, Israel.

Elina Rubinov
Department of Chemical Engineering, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 8410501, Israel.

Yafa Yagen
Department of Chemical Engineering, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 8410501, Israel.

Moshe Gottlieb
Department of Chemical Engineering, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 8410501, Israel.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/CACB-V2/issue/view/16