Study on Annual Component Analysis of Pacific Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) and Mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) | Chapter 8 | Emerging Challenges in Agriculture and Food Science Vol. 1

 The annual obesity ratio, umami components (glutamic acid and glycogen), functional components (Zn, Mn, Cu, and vitamin B12), and Cd and noroviruses (NoVs) contents of Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas) and mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) were quantified to study the change in components over a year.

The obesity ratio and chemical components in oysters changed seasonally depending on the spawning season. From November to March, the glutamic acid content rose. Glycogen content, on the other hand, peaked in May and November. During spawning, mineral content increased dramatically. According to the NoVs GI and GII strains, oysters are primarily infected by the GI. Depending on the oyster farms, there was a significant variance in NoVs content.

The levels of glutamic acid, zinc, and copper in mussels were constant throughout the year. The Cd concentration of mussels was one-fifth that of oysters. Despite the fact that the NoVs strain was altered by the collecting area, mussels from both areas had lower NoVs concentration in the summer, which corresponded to the mussel consumption season in Japan.

Our comparative research of seasonal variations in chemical components and NoVs content in pacific oysters (C. gigas) and mussels (M. galloprovincialis) revealed a clear link between physiological parameters and reproduction on farms.

Author (S) Details

Y. Yoshiki
Department of Food Science, Ishikawa Prefectural University 1-308 Suematsu Nonoichi-shi, Ishikawa, Japan.

C. Mizukoshi
Department of Food Science, Ishikawa Prefectural University 1-308 Suematsu Nonoichi-shi, Ishikawa, Japan.

M. Uno
Department of Food Science, Ishikawa Prefectural University 1-308 Suematsu Nonoichi-shi, Ishikawa, Japan.

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The Political Economy of Oil and Mineral Exploitation in Cameroon: Can This Lead to Conflict? | Chapter 3 | Insights into Economics and Management Vol. 7

 This essay draws on theoretical and empirical evidence of the government of Cameroon's secrecy in the management of oil rents and the resulting underdevelopment in the country's main oil and mineral extraction regions. The aim is to see if these failures have an effect on potential rent-related disputes. Human security, as measured by financial openness in accordance with socioeconomic development and a country's political system, is more likely to affect security in the use of natural resources than military surveillance, according to the report. Cameroon's main oil revenues come from the Rio Del Rey area off the coast of the Gulf of Guinea's Bakassi Peninsula. This area is found in the Ndian Division of the country's south west. There is widespread poverty in this area, as in most resource-rich areas of the world, and the region is inaccessible due to a lack of modern transportation (e.g. roads, airport, railways, seaport, etc). Given the cultural ties that exist between Ndians and a number of tribes in eastern Nigeria, as well as the Niger Delta's own oil-related conflicts, There would undoubtedly be oil-related disputes if effective steps are not taken to ensure sustainable and equitable growth in Ndian Division. The essay suggests that the Cameroonian government, Ndian elites, civil society activists, and the international community collaborate to ensure that oil and mineral rentals are used to provide basic services to the indigenes and settlers of resource-rich communities.

Author (s) Details

Rexon T. Nting
The Business School, University of Wales Trinity Saint David, Winchester House, 11 Cranmer Rd, London SW9 6EJ, UK.

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Spectral, Thermal, Mineral and Phenolic Characteristics of Plant Seeds from Ten Families | Chapter 8 | Current Research Trends in Biological Science Vol. 2

Seeds are a main dietary component for humans and animals. In this work, the physical, spectral, thermal, mineral and phenolic characteristics of seeds from 47 species belonging to 10 families (Arecaceae, Amaranthaceae, Anacardiaceae, Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Lamiaceae, Malvaceae, Rutaceae, Sapindaceae and Sapotaceae) are described. The seeds had moisture and ash contents in the 1.6–12.9% and 1.0–5.5% range, respectively, and the seed coat represented from 12 to 85% of the seed weight, depending on the species. The protein, starch and oil-associated vibrations in the seeds were characterized by infrared spectroscopy. The thermal behavior of the seeds, which involved an initial dehydration step, followed by free/bound moisture and volatile extractives release, and by protein, starch and oil decomposition, was studied by thermogravimetric (TG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) techniques, evidencing noticeable differences between families. The total polyphenol and mineral contents widely varied from 185 to 3441 mg/100 g and from 831 to 7904 mg/100 g, respectively. Cluster analysis was used to categorize seed potentiality in terms of mineral contents. Variations in seed proximate parameters, spectral, thermal, phenolic and mineral characteristics as a function of the family to which the seeds belong to are also discussed.

Author (s) Details

Khageshwar Singh Patel
School of Studies in Chemistry, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur-492010, India.

Suryakant Chakradhari
School of Studies in Environmental Science, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur-492010, India.

Pravin Kumar Sahu
School of Studies in Environmental Science, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur-492010, India.

Jesús Martín-Gil 
Department of Agriculture and Forestry Engineering, ETSIIAA, Universidad de Valladolid, Avenida de Madrid 44, 34004 Palencia, Spain.

View Book :- http://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/188